2017高考英语语法超级归纳.doc

1、12017高考英语语法超级归纳一、冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。I. 不定冠词的用法1 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。3 表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day.4 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age.5 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 Hello, could I

2、 speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）6 用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one.8 用于so(as, too,

3、 how)+形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 success(抽象名词)a success(具体化) 成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的事a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识II. 定冠词的用法1 表示某一类人或物 In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means oftransportation.

4、A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提 的人或事 Would you mind opening the door? 4 用于 play the violin, play the guitar5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the reach, the living, the wounded6 表示“一 人”或“ ”（ 上文的不定冠词用法5） Could you tell me the way to _ J

5、ohnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /7 用于 词和形容词 词 级 高级前 He is the taller of the two children.8 用于 等 及 ， 的名词前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9 用于表示 物的 名词前 The compass was invented in China.10 在 的 词之前，指世

6、的某个 in the 1990s(二 世 )11 用于表示 currency1的名词前 I hired the car by the hour.12 用于方currency1名词，体“currency1名词 He patted me on the shoulder.III. 不用冠词（名零冠词）的用法1 有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等fifl I want this book, not that one. /

7、Whose purse is this?3 ， ，一前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring4 表示”currency1，的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America.5 表示类， 类等 的名词前 He likes playing football/chess.6 与by用表示通方的名词前 We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of drivingacross _ _ continent. A. the; the B. 不填 the C. the;

8、不填D. 不填不填7 and的个相 的名词用 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示 指的 名词前 Horses are useful animals.二、名词和一 I. 名词的类有名词 通名词名名人名，体 名 可 名词 不可 名词个体名词 体名词 抽象名词 物质名词特 名词类 的相 个体名词与抽象名词的相 名词性质She held some flowers in her hand.The trees are now in flower个体名词 抽象名词Youth is beautiful.He is a youth of twe

9、nty 抽象名词 人 个体名词They have achieved remarkable success in their work. 成功 抽象名词2How about the Christmas evening party? I should say it was a success. 成功的事 个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相 名词性质Iron is a kind of metal.Please lend me your iron.物质名词个体名词He broke a piece of glass.He broke a glass. 物质名词 个体名词I bought a chicken

10、this morningPlease help yourself to some chicken 个体名词物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的 具有 的抽象名词 用与某 词（ have等）用，表示某一次 的 Id like_information about the management of your hotel,please.Well, you could have_word with the manager. He might be helpfulA.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,aThey sent us word of the latest happen

11、ings. （抽象名词）A.a B.an C./ D.theCould we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）A.a B.an C./ D.the类 have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bath make an advance()/make an early start( )/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain( 的 声) /give a try

12、表示知识和间的抽象名词 为通名词可 用来表示其中的一“分Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in_international trade today.A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, thea knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中 更为翔实的知识)have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识) If there were no examination, we should

13、 have_at school.A.the happiest time B.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier timeis money.A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times抽象名词 为通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这名词前往往有形容词修饰Oh, John. _you gave me! A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D. Wha

14、t pleasant surpriseShe looked up when I shouted.A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some surprise其它 子 The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surpriseIt is_work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unu

15、sual D.so a n unusualII. 名词的 规则名词的 形 名词的 形，一般在 形后面 -s或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有 名词的 形是不规则的，请看下表规 则 词1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species 3 只有 形 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4 一

16、体名词总是用 people, police, cattle, staff5 “分 体名词既可 （整体）也可 （成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government,population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6 形表示特 含 customs( 关), forces(军队), times(), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩), pap ers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(脑智力),

17、 greens( 菜), ruins(废墟)7 表示“某 人”-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8 合成名词 将体名词变为 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无体名词将 后一“分变为 grown-u ps, housewives, stop

18、watches将“分变为 women singers, men servantsIII. 一 规则 情 况 举 3语法一原则名词或词 词不定 语， 名词 语或从 语，语 词一般用 形语为 ，语词用 形。His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. 由what引导的语从 ，后面的语 词多 情况用 形，但若表语是 或what从 是一个带有 的

19、列结 ， 的语 词用 形。what I bought were three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.由词and或bothand起来的语后面，要用 形的语 词。但若所的个词是指同一个人或物，它后面的语就用 形。由and 的列 语前果分 有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,manya (an) 修饰，其语 词要用 形。either, neither,each, every 或no+ 名词和由some, any no, every 成的合不定词，都 看待。.Lucy

20、and Lily are twinsThe writer and artist has come.Every student and every teach is in the classroom.Many a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy and no girl likes it.Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today?Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter若none of 后面的名词是不可 名词，它的语 词

21、就要用 。若它后面的名词是 ，它的语 词用 或 都可。None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America.在定语从 里，关系词that, who, which 等 语，其语 词的 应与 中先行词的 一 。Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the (only) one of my friends who is working

22、 hard.在强调 型中应与被强调“分一 It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.果 体名词指的是整个 体，它的语 词用 形果它指的 体的成员，其语 词用 形The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field.His family has moved to the south .(他的一 ) His family are watching TV.

23、（他的 人）Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生）由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/themajority of+名词 成的 语 及由分 或百分 +名词 成的 语 语，其语 词的 要根据 语中后面名词的 而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom. Three-fourths of the surface of

24、the earth is sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，还有a number of + 名词有类似的用法（用 ），但the number of + 名词的 就得依number 而定（用 ）。A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pickapples.The number of pages in this book is three hundred.在倒装 中，语 词的 应与其后的语一 There comes the bus.

25、On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result. Such are the facts.Between the two hills stands a monument.逻辑一原则What, who, which, any, more, all 等词可 是 ，也可是 ， 要靠 思来决定。Which is your bag? Which are your bags?Are any of you good at English? Has any of you got a pen?All can be done has been done. All i

26、s going well. All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.表示间重长价值等的名词的 语，语 词通常用 形，这是由于 语的名词在概念上是一个整体。Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Twenty pounds is too dear.强调这类词的 ，则语 词要用 形Forty kilos of water are used every day.若英语是书名名格言剧名报名 名等的 形，其语词通常用 形。The United States is smaller than China.“The

27、 Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.表 的 语“one and a half”后面 名词 语，其语 词要用 形。One and a half apples is left on the table.一 学科名词是 -ics结尾， mathematics, politics,physics 及news, works 等。都属于形上是 的名词，实际 为 名词，它们 语，其语 词要用 形。The paper works was built in 1990.这 纸 于1990。I dont think physics is easy to stu

28、dy.trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors ( )等词 语，语用 ，但果这 名词前有a(the) pair of 等词修饰（clothes被a suit of 修饰）语 词用 。My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人 词用 若表示某一类 ， 词用 。The old are taken good care of there.The beautiful gives pleasure to all.4就/ 一原则当个语由ei

29、ther or, neither nor, not only but also ,whetheror ，语 词和 的语 一 , 就 一 。Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right.Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right?there be 型中be 词的 决于其后的语。果其后是由and 的个语，则应与靠 的 个语 一 ， 就 一 。There are two

30、 chairs and a desk in the room.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.语后面 有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as,no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with,including, in addition to 等引起的 语， 语 词要 语一 ， 就 一 。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to Chi

31、na.A woman with a baby was on the bus.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.、词I. 词可 分为 下 类1 人 词格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they格 me, you, him,

32、 her, it, us, you, them形容词性物词my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性物词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs2 词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves3 指示词 this, that, these, those, such, some4 词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever5 关系

33、词/词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as6 不定词 one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a littleother/ another, all/ both, neither/ either7 相 词 each other,one anotherII. 不定词用法 类 one,some，any和itone可 指人或 事（ ），其 为onesWeve been looking at the houses but havent found _ we like y

34、et. A . one B.ones C.it D.them Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phonesdo. A.one B . ones C.it D.those some可用于 中，表示 得 定的 ，或 表示 ，请等Your coffee smells great! Its from Mexico Would you like _?A.it B . some C.this D.1ittlesome 和any修饰可 名词 ，some表示某个，any表示 一个I hav

35、e read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? _way as you please.A.Each B.Every C . Any D.Eitherone指同类中的一个，it指同一类的 。此外 it 还可 形语、形 语和用于强调 型中。There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? No,

36、Id rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;itsome 多用于 定 ，any多用于 和定 Theres _cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _. A . 1ittle , some B.1ittle,any C.a little,some D.a little,anyWe had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _.A.n

37、one B.either C . any D.eachHe doesnt have _ furniture in his room -just an old desk.A. any B. many C. some D. mucheach和everyeach强调个 ，表的可 是个或个 上，而every强调整体，所指的 必是个或个 上Each student has a pocket dictionary.Each (of us) has a dictionary. = We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak poin

38、ts. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.5none和no no等于not any， 定语。none 语或 语，不可 名词，语用，可 名词，语 可 There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.other和anotherother 指“外的， 的”常与其他词用， the otherday, every otherweek, som

39、eother reason,no other way, the other特指 中的外一个， 为theothersBoth sides have accused of breaking the contract.A. another B. the other C. neither D. eachTwo students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.another指“一个，一个”无所指， 形是others， 指“ 的人或事”We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of

40、 fun，so lets have _ one this month A the other B some C another D otherThe trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.either和neither前 思为 都（ 中 一方都）后 思为 都Do you want tea or coffee? _, I really dont mind. A. none B. neither C. eithe

41、r D. allIt was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke thelanguage.A. none B. neither C. both D. each四、形容词和 词I. 形容词1.形容词的currency1 形容词 定语通常前，但在下列情况下后1 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等 成的合不定词nobody absent, everything possible2 -able, -ible结尾的形容词可于有 高级或only修饰

42、的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等 定语后the only person awake4 和间、间、 currency1用 a bridge 50 meters long5 成 的形容词可 后 a huge room simple and beautiful6 形容词 语一般后 a man difficult to get on with7 enough修饰名词可 前也可 后，但修饰形容词或 词要后_to take his adventure c

43、ourse will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave多个形容词修饰同一个名词的currency1 记“就可 currency1解 fi定fifl 长高，形 和， 料， 用类 往后靠。规则 fi定语（The、A）+ fifl性形容词 + size（）+ shape（形 ）+ age（、间）+ color（ ）+ origin（ 、来）+ma

44、terial（料）+ purpose（的）+ 名词。”This _ girl is Lindas cousin. (05)A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish2.合形容词的 成1 形容词+名词+edkind-hearted 6 名词+形容词world-famous2 形容词+形容词dark-blue 7 名词+现在分词peace-loving3 形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking 8 名词+ 分词snow-covered

45、4 词+现在分词hard-working 9 词+名词+edthree-egged5 词+ 分词newly-built 10 词+名词 twenty-year3.形容词（ 语） 语As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead . 当他看 的， 了个，了。Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于 ，他们 的。II. 词的分类 1 间词soon, now, early, finally,once, recently5 词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never2 词here, nearby, outside,upwards, above6 词 how, where, when, why63 方 词hard, well, fast, slowly,