初一英语语法_时态专题复习.doc

1、1初一英语语法，时态专题复习一、 一般现在时：（1、现在的状态。2、经常或习惯性动作。3、主语所具备的性格和能力。4、真理。1、标志：often（经常）,usually （通常）,sometimes （有时） ,always（总是）,never （从不）,on Sundays（在星期天）every day/month/year（每一天 /月/ 年）2、结构：（1）主语+连系动词 be(am/is/are)+名词/ 形容词/数词/ 介词短语/副词等做表语表状态（包括 There be +n.）练习：1.I_(be) a student. My name_(be) Tom. 2. Where _(

2、be) my shoes? They_(be) here.3.Who _(be) the girl with long straight hair? I think she _(be) Kate. 4. You and I _(not be) in Class Six.5._(be) there a supermarket on the Fifth Avenue? Yes, there_(be). 6. _ her parent tall? No, he_.（2）主语（非第三人称单数）+行为动词原形+其他 （用助动词 do 帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问）（3）主语（第三人称单数）+行为

3、动词的第三人称单数+其他（用助动词 does 帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句）行为动词第三人称单数加-s 的形式 1.- s 2. 辅音+y: study-studies 3.以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾 watch-watches teach-teaches4 特殊 have-has do-does go-goes.1)His parents _(watch) TV every night. 肯定句 1) My brother _(do) homework every day.2)His parents _(not watch) every night.否定句 2)My brothe

4、r_(not do)homework every day.3)_his parents_(watch) TV every night?一般疑 3)_ your brother _ homework every day?Yes, they _. No, they _. Yes, he_. No, he _.4)When_ his parents _(watch) TV? 特疑 4)When _ your brother _(do) homework?They watch TV every night. He does homework every day. 二 现在进行时：表示说话瞬间或现阶段正

5、在进行的动作。1、 标志: now （现在）listen（看）look（听）at the moment（此刻）2、 结构:主语+助动词 be(am/is/are)+行为动词的现在分词(doing)现在分词的构成：1.-ing: eat-eating,sing-singing 2.辅音字母 +e: take-taking 3. sit, put, begin, run, swim, stop, get, shop,get（双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 ing.）4、特殊变化：lie-lying,die-dying练习：1. Jim _(take) photos in the park now. 2

6、. Jim_(not take) in the park now. 3. _Jim_(take) photos in the park now? Yes, he _. No, he _.4. Where _Jim _ photos now? In the park. 1.我们正在吃晚餐。 2、我们每天 6 点起床。We _. We _ at six every day.3你们在聊天吗？是的。 4、他们常常聊天吗？不是。_ they _? Yes, they _. _ they often _ ? No, they _.5、他在做什么？他在做作业。 6、他晚上常干什么？他常做作业。What _h

7、e _? He_. What _he usually _ in the evening? He usually_.答案： 1.are having dinner 2. get up 3. Are , talking , are 4. Do , talk, dont5. is doing, is doing homework 6. does, do, does , homework综合练习：1.Mr Green _(be) a worker. Now he _(work) in the field. 2.Listen! Who_(sing)?3.What time _ your brother

8、usually _(do) his homework? 4.You can_(come) here by bus.5. Who _(have) a ruler? 6.Are they_(clean) the room? 7.-_ you_(eat) dinner? Yes, we are.8.Jack _(have) a soccer ball, but he _(not have) a basketball. 9._Jim _(like)_(run)?10.They _(be) from Canada. They_(not speak) Chinese. 11. He wants _(be)

9、 tall.2三一般过去时态：英语中表示过去某时发生的动作或情况的时态是一般过去时。1、标志: yesterday（昨天） 、 two days ago（两天前 ） 、 last year（去年） 、 the other day（前几天） 、once upon a time（很久以前） 、 just now（刚才） 、in the old days（过去的日子里） 、before liberation（解放前） 、 When I was 8 years old（当我八岁时） 、at+一个时间点2.、表现形式：动词过去式（规则变化和不规则变化两种）3、规则变化：（1）一般情况+ed ，如 pul

10、led visited(2)以不发音 e 字母结尾的单词+d,如 liked, danced(3)以辅音字母y 结尾去 y 变 ied,worried,studied(4)重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母+ed,stopped,shopped4.不规则变化参考不规则动词表5、练习：He a student.他曾是一名学生。否定句 He a student.一般疑问句 he a student?肯定回答 ， .否定回答 ， . They had a meeting last night. 他们昨晚开了一个会。否定句 They a meeting last night. 一般

11、疑问句 they a meeting last night?肯定回答 ， .否定回答 ， . 提问： they last night?四冠词：英语中冠词分为定冠词（the） 、不定冠词（a/an）和零冠词（不用冠词）1.a 用于辅音音素（不是辅音字母）前；an 用于元音音素（不是元音字母）前。如，An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool. This

12、is a usual thing.2.定冠词 the 的用法： 定冠词 the 与指示代词 this，that 同源，有“那(这)个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 （上文提到过的人或事；指世界上独一无二的事物；用在序数词和形容词最高级，形容词等前面；乐器的名词前；用在惯用语中；姓氏的复数名词之前表示一家人专有名词前等等）例如 the sun，the rich 富人， on the second floor，the United States 美国 play the piano，the Greens 格林一家人( 或格林夫妇)in the day,在白天

13、3.通常我们在三类名词前不带冠词：复数可数名词、不可数名词和专有名词。但是，用来指特定的事物时，the 可以出现在复数名词和不可数名词前面。Girls like shopping when they are free. 女孩总是喜欢在空闲的时候购物Rice is very important to our country. China is a big country.1. He has already worked for _ hour. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填 2. Alice is fond of playing _ piano. A. the B. an C.

14、a D. 不填 五数词：基数词和序数词（一）. 基数词.1.基数词的读法.1)1-12 : one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve 2)13-19: 词尾加-teen :thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen 3)20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90 : 逢十词尾加-ty :twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety 4)21-99: 在十位与个位之间加

15、连字符构成.5)101-999 :先说几百, 再加 and ,再加末尾两位数或个位数.101-one hundred and one 238-two hundred and thirty-eight （二）. 序数词基数词变序数词，基数词变序数词口诀一二三，特殊记，结尾字母 t,d,d; (first second third )八减 t（eighth ）,九减 e(ninth),f 来把 v e 替(twelfth)；ty 变 y 为 i e,然后再加 th(twentieth);如果遇到遇到几十几，只变个位就可以(twenty-one- twenty first)。（三）. 数词的应用.1

16、.序数词前一般加定冠词 the 2. hundred / thousand /million /billion 31).若 hundred / thousand /million /billion 前有基数词时,其后不加 s,也不加 of .若没有时 ,既加 s 也要带 of .Every year _ visitors come to China.There are two _ students in our school.A. thousand B.thousands C.thousands of D.thousand of 2).日 月 年 (the +序数词+of +月, 年)2007

17、 年 3 月 21 日-the twenty-first of March ,two thousand and seven.六名词的复数，不可数名词，名词所有格可数名词的复数规则变化一、直接加 S (清辅音后发s的音，浊辅音，元音后面发 z的音，在字母 t 后面发ts 的音) 二、以 s .x .ch .sh.结尾的单词加 es ，class- classes,box-boxes,dish-dishes,watch-watches （通常发成iz ）三、以 fe 或 f 结尾的通常变 fe 或 f 为 v 再加 es leaf-leaves, knife-knives四、辅音字母加 y 结尾的

18、，变 y 为 i 再加 es baby-babies 五. 元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s monkey-monkeys toy-toys 六. 以 o 为结尾变复数有的加 s, piano-pianos,photo-photos,有的加 es ,黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)土豆(potato)有时也吃一点 (mango)但最喜欢的还是 zero(零)可数名词的复数不规则变化：child children，man men woman women，foot feet tooth teeth,mousemice；sheep, Chinese, Japanese，p

19、eople 单、复数同形不可数名词：物质名词或抽象名词，及动名词，一般都是不可数名词，不可数名词只有单数形式。如，news 新闻 advice 建议 water 水 ice 冰 tea 茶 meat 肉 milk 牛奶 age 年龄 time 时间 help 帮助 luck 运气 work 工作swimming 游泳名词所有格：名词所有格的用法 所有格 s 或 s形式主要用于人或一些动物的名称，表示“所有“或修饰的关系。如 Johns father 约翰的父亲， spidersweb 蜘蛛网；事物的的所有格常用 of 表示，如 a map of china,a photo of my fami

20、ly七介词: 一、早、下午、晚要用 in 例 in the morning/ afternoon/ evening /day 在早上/ 下午/白天二、at 黎明、午、夜、点与分 ，例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜间 at midnight 在午夜 at six oclock 在 6 点钟 三、年、月、年月、季节、周 ，即在“某年“ ，“某月“，在 “某年某月“ (具体日则用 on)，在四季，在第几周等都要用in。 in 1986 在 1986 年 in April 在四月 in December 1986 1986 年

21、12 月 in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季 on May 1st练习：1.We begin classes _ about 8：002. We all like working _ China. 3.What do you like doing_the evening？ 4.Our school has an Art Festival _ December 31st every year . 5.What can you see _the picture?. 6.The speech contest is _ January.八人称代词： 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们

22、他/她/ 它们主格： I you he she it we you they宾格： me you him her it us you them形容词性物主代词： 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他/她/ 它们的my your his her its our your their名词性物主代词： mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs练习：1._(我) am a worker. _(你) are a doctor. _(她) is a teacher.2.This is (他的 )shirt. 3. This is _(我的)pen.4.

23、_(他们的) trousers are there. 5. I like this picture. Please give _(它) to _(我).6. People get _(他们的) money from _(我).7._(他们) are new students. _(他们的) names are Lucy and Lily.48. These are _(我们的) shoes. Can _(我们) wear _( 它们).9Thank _ for _(你的) help. 10. _(他) loves _（她）, and _(她) loves _（他）,too._(我) love

24、_（你）, and _( 你) love _（我） ，too. 九情态动词：1、任何主语+can/may/must 等+动词原形 2、主语+ cant/may not/ mustnt 等+动词原形 3、 Can/May/Must 等 + 主语+ 动词原形？ 4、疑问词+can/may/must 等+主语+动词原形？练习： you swim?Yes,but Im not a good swimmer. A.Can B.May C.Need D.MustTom,you play computer games too much. Its bad for your eyes.A.mustntB.did

25、ntC.neednt D.wouldnt十非谓语动词（是固定搭配）1. like+ to do 不定式/doing 动名词 2.want to do sth. 3. love to do 4. would like to do sth.5. enjoy doing sth. 6. thanks for doing 7. stop doing sth 8. let sb. do sth. She wants _(have) a party. Does he like _(swim)? Thanks for _(enjoy) CCTV show. She never stops _(talk).十

26、一祈使句：无人称、动词开头，带命令色彩的句子。Go straight and turn left/ right. 否定 Dont go straight and turn left/ right.Go through Fifth Avenue. 否定 Dont go through Fifth Avenue.Take a taxi（Take a bus，Take a walk）否定Dont Take a taxi（Take a bus，Take a walk）No parking. 禁止停车。例_ in the street. Its dangerous.A. Not play B. Not

27、to playC. Dont play D. Dont to play十二感叹句感叹句的结构： what + a / an + 形容词 + 名词 + 主谓 What a clever boy he is! 他是多么聪明的孩子啊 1What an interesting book you have!你的书多么有趣啊！what + 形容词 + 名词复数： What clever boys you are! 你们是多么聪明的孩子啊！ 2what + 形容词 + 不可数名词： What difficult work it is! 那是多么困难的工作啊！ 3 How + 形容词/副词+主语+谓语！How

28、 nice she is! How fast he runs!练习：1. It is quite a nice present._ _ nice present(it is)! _ nice the present is!2. We have fine weather today. _ _ weather we have today!3. The children are working hard._ _ the children are working!4. She played basketball wonderfully._ _ she played basketball!十三.Ther

29、e be(be 单复数由 be 后名词决定)句型表示某地有，have/has, 主要表示某人有句型转换1)There is a bank on the street. 2) There are some cars in front of the park.否定句：There _a bank on the street. 否定句：There _ _cars in front of the bank.一般疑问句：_ _ a bank on the street? 一般疑问句：_ _ _cars in front of the bank?就划线部分提问：_ on the street? 就划线部分提

30、问：_ _ in front of the bank? Theres a bank on the street. There are some cars in front of the bank.同上：_ _ _are there on the street? 同上：_ _ _ are there in front of the bankTheres only one. Therere some.3）He two sons. 他有两个儿子。There two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。4）There _ a basketball match tomorrow.

31、A.is going to have B.are going to haveC.is going to be D.are going to be用 have /has 填空：1.A dog our legs. A bird two legs.2.Our school a library.3.We 37 chairs in our classroom.4.My sister a nice toy car.55. that girl a doll? No, he 6. Tom and his brother a big bedroom? Yes, they 十四将下列句子改为否定句、一般疑问句，并

32、就划线部分提问。1. We are eating lunch. We eat lunch at noon.2He is swimming at a pool. He swims at the pool every day.3.Jim and Tony are playing basketball at school. Jim and Tony play basketball on Sundays.4.Sandra is running. Sandra likes running5. There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：_一般疑问

33、句：_ 肯定回答：_否定回答：_6. They played football in the playground.否定句：_一般疑问句：_ 肯定回答：_否定回答：_初一代词练习一、用适当的人称代词填空： 1. _ is my aunt. We often visit _. 2. China is a developing country. _ lies in the east of Asia. 3. Professor Wang sets _ a good example. We must learn from _. 4. What day is _ today? _ is Thursday

34、. 5. How far is the thunder ? _ is three kilometers away. 6. I own a blue bike. The red one doesnt belong to _. 7. These new houses are so nice. _ are very expensive. 8. _ say that those old houses will be rebuilt. 9. Is _ the milkman at the door? Yes, thats _. 10. The fishermen caught a lot of fish

35、, didnt _? 11. Ling Ling is a girl. _ studies in a primary school. Her brother lives with _ and helps _ to prepare the lessons. 12. The ship is lying at anchor (停泊) . _ comes from Shanghai13. This photo of your mother is very much like her. I like _. 14. Mike is my classmate. _ is good at physics .

36、15. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to _ ? 16. Whats the weather like today ? _ is cloudy. 6二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空 1. I ate all _ sandwiches yesterday. Can I have one of _ ? 2. Tell Tom not to forget _ book. And you mustnt forget _ . 3. George has lost _ pen. Ask Mary if（是否）she will lend

37、 him _ . 4. Jack has a dog and so have I. _ dog and _ had a fight (打架). 5. The teacher wants you to return that book of _ 6. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of _ are coming to see us. 7. Mary wants to know if（是否） youve seen a pair of gloves of _ . 8. We are going to Paris to stay with a French frien

38、d of _ 三、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空 A. 从括号内选择正确的代词填空 1. Your football clothes are on the desk. Please put _(they，them，their ，theirs) away. 2. (We ，Us ，Our，Ours)_ English teacher is Mrs. Green. We all like _(she，her，hers). 3. (I，Me，My ，Mine)_ cant get my kite. Could you help _(I，me ，my，mine)? 4. Tom cant get do

39、wn from the tree. Can you help _(he，him，his)? 5. Her kite is broken. Can _(you，your，yours) mend it? 6. We cant find our bikes. Can you help _(we，us，our，ours)? 7. These are _(he，him，his) planes. The white ones are _(I ，me，mine). 五、根据句意用适当的人称代词、物主代词填空： 1. Mary works in a book store. likes work very mu

40、ch. 2. John and I are in the same school. go to school together. 3. Everybody likes that sport, do ? 4. She is a friend of . We got to know each other two years ago. 5. Her sister makes all own dresses. 6. I have many friends. Some of are good at English. 7. May I use bike? is broken. 8. Everybody i

41、s here except Ann and _ friend Jane. _ are in the library now. 冠词的练习Choose the best answer （选择最佳答案）: 1. There is _ house in the picture. There is _old woman near_house.A. an; a; the B. a; an ; the C. the ; a; an D. a; the; an 2. He has already worked for _ hour. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填 3. Alice is f

42、ond of playing _ piano. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填 4. Beyond _ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _space.A. 不填；the B. the ; the C. 不填，不填 D. the; 不填 5. _ terrible weather weve been having these days! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What 6.- Where is Jack? - I think he is still in _ bed, but he might just be in _bathroom. A. 不填；不填 B. the; the C. the;不填 D. 不填;