初中英语语法宾语从句.doc

1、名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句由连接词 that 引导宾语从句时， that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的 that 不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while othe

2、rs are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在 demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用 who，who

3、m, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3. 用 whether

4、 或 if 引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether 与 if 在作“是否 ”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用 whether，不用 if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 The question is whether she should have a low opinion of

5、 the test?现在的问题是她是否应该有一个低意见的测试？ Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：I know (that) he will study English next year. （

6、从句用一般将来时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would 除外） ，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose 等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he

7、will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。6.时态：1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。7.宾语从句的连接词从属连词：连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有 that, if, whether. that 引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而 if 和 whether 引导表示“是否” 的宾语从句.He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学.I dont know if there will be a bus any more

8、.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.连接代词：连接代词主要有 who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等.连接代词一般指疑问,但 what, whatever 除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？The book will show you what the best CEOs sho

9、uld know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?连接副词：连接副词主要有 when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 等.He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面 .Could you please tell me how you use the new

10、 panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.8.动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的. 部分“动词+副词”结

11、构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure 确保 make up ones mind 下决心 keep in mind 牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers befo

12、re you turn them in. 在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.9.形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李

13、明能去看望他.10.宾语从句的时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读.从

14、句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了 Mary.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moo

15、n goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.当宾语从句的引导词是 who, which, what, when, where, how, why 等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手. （1） I dont know _or notA whether he is at home B if he is at homeC that he is

16、 at home D whether is he at home（2） This depends on _ the weather is fineA which B whether C if D that（3） The teacher asked the new student _ class he was inA which B where C if D that（4） I dont know _ Mr Green will come to see us Hell help us with our EnglishA why B when C how D where（5） Be careful

17、！ Dont break the bottles Do you hear _ I said? David? Yes， MumA what B that C why D if（6） Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is? He may live at NO18 or No 19 of Bridge Street Im not sure of _A where， which B where， what C what， which D what， where（7） There is not much difference between the two I reall

18、y dont know _A what should I choose B which I should chooseC which should I choose D what I should choose（8） Did you find out _?A she was looking for whose child B whose child was she looking forC whose child she is looking for D whose child she was looking for（9） Are you interested in _?A how did h

19、e do it B he did it how C how he did it D he how did it（10） I dont know _ Can you tell me?A how the two players are old B how old are the two playersC the two players are how old D how old the two players are（11） What did the scientist say? He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one dayA h

20、e had to fly B he could fly C can he fly D could he fly（12） Excuse me， sir Could you tell me _?A Where the bank nearest B where is the nearest bankC where the nearest bank is D the nearest bank is where（13）She asked Tom _ with his car?A what the matter was B what the matter isC what was the matter D

21、 what is the matter（14） Its 7：30 I cant believe you_ cooking dinner yet， SallyA havent started B didnt C dont start D hadnt started（15） The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas DayA is B was C has been D will be（16） The teacher said that the earth _round the sunA goes B go C went D

22、 will go（17） We d like to tell you that you _the examA have passed B had passed C pass D will pass（18） “Could you tell me_?” “ Yes They _ to the library ”A where are the twins， have been B where were the twins， have beenC where the twins are， have gone D ， where the twins were， have gone（19） Our fat

23、her said that he _ a new computer next weekA will buy B have bought C would buy D buys（20） I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterdayA goes B will go C went D have gone（21） I dont think he is right，_?Aisnt he Bis he C do I Ddont I（22） He believes she is right， _?Adoesnt he Bdoes he C is she D isnt she（23

24、） I thought that he disliked playing football，_?Adidnt he Bdid he C did I D didnt I（24） I find _ important that we practice English every dayA it B this C that D what（25） You cant imagine _when they received the nice giftA how they were excited B how excited they wereC how excited were they D they were how excited