初中语法过去进行时及when和while 的区别.doc

1、过去进行时专项语法讲解(一）定义过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。（二）结构was/were +doing (现在分词）（三）用法1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例如：We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。 2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点

2、发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如：When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when 从句表示时间点)3. 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)4.

3、通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish 等。例如：误：I was knowing the answer.正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。误：I wasnt understanding him.正：I didnt understand him. 我不明白他的意思。典型例题：

4、1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案 C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when 表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时” 提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep.A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell答案 B.句中的 as = when,

5、while，意为“ 当之时“ 。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 “在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。“句中的 fell (fall 的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。过 去 进 行 时 与 一 般 过 去 时 区 别都 强 调 过 去 发 生 的 事 进 行 时 强 调 过 程 ， 不 一 定 完 成 过 去 时 强 调 事 件 ， 一 定 完 成 p,s 表 示 一 个 动 作 正 在 进 行 时 ， 另 一 个 动 作 发 生 了 如 ： He played when I was studying. 过 去 进 行 时 与

6、 一 般 过 去 时 ， 两 者 都 表 示 过 去 发 生 的 动 作 ,但 过 去 进 行 时 表 示 在 过去 某 一 特 定 的 时 间 点 或 时 间 段 正 在 进 行 的 动 作 ,而 一 般 过 去 时 表 示 在 过 去 时 间 完 成 的 动作 例 如 : I was typing a letter last night. 昨 晚 我 在 打 一 封 信 (可 能 没 打 完 ) I typed some letters last night. 我 昨 晚 打 了 一 些 信 (已 经 打 完 ) when 和 while 的 用 法 区 别 when 和 while 的用

7、法区别 when 是 at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间； while 是 during the time that，只指一段时间，因此 when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而 while 从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 由 when 引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用 while

8、引导，如： a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in. b. They were singing while we were dancing. when 和 while 还可作并列连词。when 表示“在那时 ”；while 表示“而，却” ，表对照关系。如： a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a

9、motor bike. 孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米，这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。 b. He is strong while his brother is weak. 他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。 when，while，as 引导时间状语从句的区别 when，while，as 显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。 一、when 可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而 while 和 as 只能和延续性动词连用。 Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already？（get 为短暂性动词）你已经

10、找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？ Sorry ，I was out when you called me （call 为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。 Strike while the iron is hot （is 为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。 The students took notes as they listened （listen 为延续性动词）学生们边听课边做笔记。 二、when 从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while 和 as 从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。 1从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用 when。

11、When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest （finished 先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。 When I got to the airport，the guests had left （got to 后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。 2从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when ，while ，as 都可使用。 When While As we were dancing，a stranger came in （dance 为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 When W

12、hile As she was making a phonecall，I was writing a letter （make 为延续性动词）当她在打电话时，我正在写信。 3当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用 as。这时， as 常表示“随着”；“一边，一边”之意。 As the time went on，the weather got worse （as 表示“随着”之意） The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。

13、As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。 The little girls sang as they went 句子如下： That day, I was doing my homework _ my younger brother was watching TV. Suddenly the doorbell rang. A.when B.while C.before D.after when 和 while 都可以表示“两个动作同时发生”的含义， 此时它们的不同之处在于 while 有表

14、示“对比”的含义， 如题目中一人在做作业，一人在看电视，强调两人做不同的事情，有对比的含义when 和 while 都可以用在多种行为或情况同时发生。具体情况有下面四种： 1.我们经常用 when 和 while 引导时间状语从句引出一个大的背景，而在这个背景之下发生发生了主句所描述的行为。 i.e.Somebody broke into the house when/while they were playing cards. 他们在打牌的时候有人闯进了房子。 2.当表示两个长时行为与情况同时发生时，用 while 而不用 when. i.e.While you were reading t

15、he paper, I was working.你在读报时，我在工作。 3.when 引导的从句表示在主句中描述的大背景下发生了另一行为。这时不能用 while. i.e.I was asleep in my chair when Dora rang to say she wasnt coming home.我睡觉的时候，多利给我打电话说她不会回家。 4.当表示年龄或是生命中的一段时间时，用 when 而不用 while. i.e.When I was a child we lived in London. 我小时候住在伦敦。一、 选择题。1. I _ cooked a meal when y

16、ou _ me.a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rang c. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang2. He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try3. While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was he

17、aring c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard4. They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a. were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching5. What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, saw c. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seei

18、ng6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _ ready to fly to England.a. are getting b. get c. were getting d. got7. Lei Feng _ always _ of others when he _ in the army.a. is, thinking, was b. was, thinking, is c. did, think, is d. was, thinking, was8. A girl _ my pen fall off the table when she _

19、 me.a. saw, passed b. was seeing, passed c. was seeing, passed d. was seeing, was passing9. We _ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us _.a. were waiting, waiting b. were waiting, wait c. waited, waiting d. waited, wait10. He _ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.a. helps

20、b. would help c. was helping d. is helping11. While mother _ some washing, I _ a kite for Kate.a. did, made b. was doing, made c. was doing, was making d. did, was making12. “_ you angry then?” “they _ too much noise.”a. are, were making b. were, were making c. are, made d. were, made13. He _ some c

21、ooking at that time, so _ mea. did, heard b. did, didnt hear c. was doing, heard d. was doing, didnt hear14. This time yesterday jack _ his bike. He _ TVa. repaired, didnt watch b. was repairing, watched c. repaired, watched d. was repairing, wasnt watching15. His parents wanted to know how he _ on with his new classmates.a. was getting b. gets c. is getting d. will getBcdac,cdaac,cbdda