语法中that的用法.doc

1、“that”在英文中是一个使用频率很高的单词。它有四种词性，并且句法及语法功能纷繁复杂。同学们如果不能熟练掌握其用法，很可能会形成英语学习的一种障碍，从而影响其学习兴趣和效率。现将 that 的用法总结归纳如下： 第一、that 用作形容词（后接复数名词时用 those） 。 它用来指已被提到的人或物；也可表对比，指两个中较远的那个。 What about that book you borrowed from me last month？ 请注意，that 有时候在句子中具有喜欢或轻蔑等感情色彩。 that little son of his 他那个小宝贝儿子 That George！乔治那

2、家伙！（含有轻蔑语气） 第二、that 用作代词。 1. that 用作指示代词（复数形式是 those） ，其指代意义同形容词用法，同时它还可以用作定语从句中的先行词；还可为了避免重复，代替前述名词。 That is what he told me. What is that (which) you have got in your hand? The price of rice is higher than that of flour. 2. that 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句。先行词可人可物，用法相当于 who 或which。 （但是在下列情况下多用 that：先行词既有人又有物

3、时；先行词有形容词最高级、序数词、不定代词、very，only 等修饰时；先行词是不定代词时） He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. I think it one of the most wonderful films that the film company has ever produced. She has little information that is useful for our research. Is there anything that I can do for you? 请注意，t

4、hat 在定语从句中作宾语时通常可省略。 The books (that) I sent you will help you in your studies. 第三、that 用作连词，引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句。 1. that 名词性从句。 引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词 that 可省略。 I didnt expect (that) he could win the championship. The teacher pointed out that Tom was not working hard enough. 引导主语从句。通常采用 it 作形式主语的句型。 That th

5、e earth goes around the sun is known to everyone. （It is known to everyone that the earth goes around the sun.） 引导表语从句。 The trouble is that we are short of money. 引导同位语从句。 引导同位语从句的 that 和引导定语从句的 that 是不同的。前者只起语法作用，在从句中不作任何成分；而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。举例说明： The news that he resigned from office surprised us

6、. The idea that he holds is very common nowadays on campus. 2. that 引导状语从句 引导目的状语从句。 Bring it nearer that I may see it better. 引导结果状语从句。 What have I done that he should be so angry with me? 引导原因状语从句。 I am afraid that I will fail in the driving test. 引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然、尽管”。 Difficult that/as the task was

7、, they managed to accomplish it on time. 引导条件状语从句。意为“假使、假设”。 Supposing that you were in my position, what would you do? On condition that you were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible. 3. 引导强调句。 It is Mrs. White that makes the decision in her family, not her meek little hu

8、sband. It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. 第四、that 用作副词。 1. that 用作普通副词。 I was that/so angry I could have hit him. 2. that 用作关系副词。引导定语从句，可以代替 when，where， why 或 in which，常可省略。 I will never forget the evening (that) / when we went to the theatre. The house (that)/where I used to live has been kn

9、ocked down. 第五，与 that 有关的常见重要短语。 1. in that，意为“ 既然、因为”。 Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us correct our mistakes. 2. now that，意为“ 既然、由于” 。 Now that they have taken matters into their hands, the pace of events has quickened. 3. see (to it) that，意为“ 注意、务必做到、保证” 。 We will see

10、to it that she gets home early. See to it that you are not late again. 4. seeing that，意为“ 鉴于、由于”。 Seeing that it is 8 oclock, well wait no longer. Seeing that he was busy with his work, I didnt disturb him. 以上是 that 主要用法的概述，希望能对大家有所帮助。当然，that 还有其他的一些用法，需要我们在学习的过程中不断地积累和总结。that 既可作关系代词，又可作指示代词，用法很多，很

11、多人都拿不准。现介绍that 的用法 :1.在 there + be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。例如： There are two novels that I want to read. 我要读的有两本小说。 There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。 2.当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。例如： This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。Our school is no longer the school that it used to b

12、e. 我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。 3.以 Here is (are)开头的句子时。例如： Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。 Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。 4.It is (high)time +定语从句中。例如： It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。 It is high time that they started out. 他们该动身了。 5.当先行词是 way 等词时，关系代词用that 或者

13、in which 在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。例如： This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。 She admired the way in which I answered the questions. 她羡慕我回答问题的方式。 6.在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用 who 或者 which 引导时，那么另一个从句用that 引导。例如： He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.他是我曾经看到过跳得最高的学生。M

14、y brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isnt far from here. 我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。 7.当先行词被 the last , the very 和 the only 修饰时。例如： This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。 The only book I want to read is missing. 我唯一想看的书不见了。 8.在强调句子中，并且以 who ,whi

15、ch, what 开头时。例如： Who was it that was lost ? 究竟是谁迷路了？（此句中，最好不用 who 来代替 that，避免重复。 ） What was it that you did last week? 你上周究竟做什么了？ 9.当先行词有序数词时。例如： You are the first person that I want to ask for.你是我要见的第一个人。 This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。 10.当先行词被 all, every, no , some, fe

16、w , little, much, both 等修饰时，例如： This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。 Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值的看的书吗？ 11.当先行词既指人又指物时。例如： The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them .我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。 Lets talk about the persons and the things

17、 that we can remember.让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。12.当先行词为 anything、everything、nothing 时，关系代词用 that,不用 which；但用something 时，用 which 或者 that 均可。例如： Everything we have seen in China is moving. 我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。I have nothing that is worth reading. 我没有什么值得一读的东西。 13.当先行词是疑问代词 who 时。例如： Who that you have ever seen can be

18、at him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？在 there + be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。例如： There are two novels that I want to read. 我要读的有两本小说。 There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。 2.当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。例如： This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。 Our school is no longer the school that it

19、 used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。 3.以 Here is (are)开头的句子时。例如： Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。 Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。 4.It is (high)time +定语从句中。例如： It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。 It is high time that they started out. 他们该动身了。 5.当先行词是 way 等词时，关系代

20、词用 that 或者 in which 在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。例如： This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。 She admired the way in which I answered the questions. 她羡慕我回答问题的方式。 6.在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用 who 或者 which 引导时，那么另一个从句用that 引导。例如： He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.他是我曾经看

21、到过跳得最高的学生。 My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isnt far from here. 我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。7.当先行词被 the last , the very 和 the only 修饰时。例如： This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。 The only book I want to read is missing. 我唯一想看的书不见了。 8.在强调句子中，并

22、且以 who ,which, what 开头时。例如： Who was it that was lost ? 究竟是谁迷路了？（此句中，最好不用 who 来代替 that，避免重复。 ） What was it that you did last week? 你上周究竟做什么了？补充：法指导：关系代词 that 的用法：1）不用 that 的情况a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which

23、we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2) 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在 there be 句型中，只用 that，不用which。b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词时，只用 that，不用 which。c) 先行词有 the only, the very 修饰时，只用 that。 d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用 that。.e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。举例：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。