高考完形填空解题要素.PPT

1、高考完形填空解题要素,一、注意题材和体裁,体裁 题材 记叙文 人物故事 说明文 信息报道 论说文 人文理念,最近几年高考英语完形填空题的命题趋向如下:1. 短文内容较前些年“逻辑性”进一步加强，文章结构更加严谨，层次相当分明。2. 文体由前些年的单一体裁向多样化，多元化方向转变。,3. 近年高考英语完形填空题所选短文的英语语言难度略低于同等水平要求的阅读理解试题。4. 高考英语完形填空题备选答案形式相对统一等。,二、完形填空解题分析要素,1.通读全文理解要旨2.通过语境区别词义3.根据上下文逻辑意义推理4.根据后文提示推理5.根据文化背景知识及生活常识判断6.掌握词组和固定搭配7.善于捕捉信息

2、词语8.根据全文推理,高考完型填空4注意1、阅读带有情感色彩和人生启迪的文章。英语学习不仅是背诵单词，做阅读练习，它应是心灵的净化，文化的沟通，文明的传递。2、重视语篇学习，构建语篇意识。在做完型填空练习题时，在把握整体的前提下，充分利用上下文，选择最佳选项的能力。,3、正确理解语境的含义。语境context在英文中指“某事或某物发生的环境或应该考虑到的环境或背景”，语境大致可分为四个层次:指空格前后的单词、词组和句子；空格前后的细节内容；全文的结构和主旨大意；作者的背景，写作思路，态度观点。尤其是后两者，只有正确理解了语境的完整含义，才能做出准确地选择。,4、在做完型练习时，不要盲目填空，步

3、骤1、浏览全文，掌握主旨；步骤2、瞻前顾后，试选答案；步骤3、复核全文，弥补疏漏。,（一）整体理解把握要义,例1(2006全国卷-1） Sometimes one should consider 54 the line (常规) and enjoy 55 to the fullest.54. A. following B. keeping C. limiting D. crossing55. A. life B. wine C. lunch D. time解析 本文的主题是通过重要情节得出结论：54.游人将餐桌放在海水里这一别出心裁的浪漫举动，破了常规：cross the line。55夏日去

4、海滨就是要享受生活enjoy life。译文有时候我需要打破常规，尽情享受生活。,_,_,例2（2006天津卷）,I work as a volunteer (志愿者) for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to 16 him.16. A. comfort B. please C. attract D. educate解析 父亲的用心是希望通过做志愿者帮助穷人达到教育（educate）儿子的目的。后面的故事围绕此中心。译文

5、 作为一个组织的志愿者在海地工作，帮助那里的穷人。最近我带儿子巴热特到那里待一周时间，是希望对他进行教育。,首段首句预测本文要义,_,（二）通过语境情景中词义分辨,例1 （2007北京卷-第1段） Every year, our school has a dance for all the students. Its a little funny seeing friends in clean shoes and trousers or colorful 36 , instead of the usual school uniform. 36. A. shapes B. dresses C.

6、flowers D. pictures解析 shapes 形状；dresses 服装；flowers 花朵；pictures 图画。译文 每年我们学校都为全体学生举行舞会。有点意思的是看见朋友们穿着干净的鞋裤，或是鲜艳的衣服，而不是通常穿的校服。,_,例2 （2007湖北卷-末段）,In his letter, he thanked me again and 59 me that, from then on, all their buses would stop at my service station. In this 60 , a little bit of kindness was r

7、ewarded with a huge amount of benefits.59.A.praised B.persuaded C. informed D.convinced60. A. lesson B. business C. aspect D. case解析 59. praised 赞扬；persuaded 劝说；convinced 使信服； inform：正式通知，告之。 60. in this case:那样的话译文 在他的信中，他再次感谢我并通知我，从此他们的所有公交车辆全都在我的服务站停放。那样的话，一个小的善举被报以一笔巨大的利润。,_,_,例3 2007上海卷(A)-第4段,

8、People who are well-adjusted are able to 53 stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in 54 our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.53.A. handle B. create C. affect D. in

9、vestigate54.A.becoming B.choosing C.ordering D. promoting解析 53handle 掌控，应对；create 创造；affect 影响；investigate 调研。54choose 选拔；become 成为； order 命令；promote 提拔。译文 善于调整的人往往比其他人更有能力应对有压力的境遇。这就是为什么选拔宇航员需要如此细致的原因之一。这些人长期经受测试与训练，测试的其中一项就是他们在压力之下的行为。,_,_,(三)根据前后文段提示推理,例1 （2007湖北卷-第6段） About a month later, I rece

10、ived a 55 from Interstate, a large bus company that we had been trying to 56 to stop off at our roadhouse for a long time. It 57 out that the young fellow I had helped was its general manager, the most 58 person in the company.55. A. call B. letter C. check D. notice56. A. get B. force C. require D.

11、 hope57. A. pointed B. turned C. worked D. found58. A. generous B. successful C. serious D. powerful,_,_,_,_,解析 55根据下文：In his letter, he thanked again可知应选letter。答案为B。 56根据下文：, all their buses would stop at my service station.得知作者一直在争取这家大型汽车公司的车辆能在他的roadhouse长时间停放。get表“得到”这个机会。答案为A。57 It turned out t

12、hat结果证明。答案为B。 58根据前文：the young fellow I had helped was its general manager可知这位年轻人是总经理，所以有权力。答案为D。译文 大约一个月以后，我收到了Interstate，一家大型汽车公司寄来的一封信。这正是我们一直在争取的在我们的roadhouse长时间停车的那个公司。结果证明那个我曾经帮助过的年轻人就是该公司的总经理，在公司里有最大的权力。,（四）了解上下文逻辑关系推理,例1 （2007江苏卷-第2段） “When the Atlanta was under 37 in 1979, we were a new com

13、pany struggling to make it. National Car Rental wanted to have 2,500 square meters of dirt paved 38 the car could be on site 39 the airport opened, and the official opening was only ten days away! 40 other local paving company wanted to do the job, 41 it couldnt be done in such a short time.”37. A.

14、construction B. repair C. control D. development38. A. after B. as C. for D. so39. A. while B. since C. where D. when40. A. Some B. Any C. No D. Every41. A. stating B. reporting C. telling D. warning,_,_,_,_,_,解析 37固定词组under construction: 在建设/施工中；答案为 A。38so：这样/那样；表示结果和一种顺承关系。答案为D。39when ：当。时；引导时间状语从

15、句。 答案为D。40离机场正式开放只有几天，所以没有任何公司愿意承接此项工程。No: 没有；在此表因果关系。答案为C。41state 表明，声明； report 报告；tell 诉说； warn提醒。根据句意，选state，较为正式的表示不可能在这么短的时间里将路修好。译文 1979年亚特兰大正在施工中时，我们的一个新公司当时正奋战承接这项工程。国立汽车租赁公司想铺一条2，500平方米的泥路，这样当机场开放时汽车才能到达场地。离正式开放时间只有10天！当地没有别的铺路公司愿意承接此项工程，表示在这么段的时间内不可能完工。,例2 （2007上海卷-（A）-第1段）,Being alone in

16、outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo (单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them 45 . They were also in constant communication with people on the earth. 46 , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone.45.

17、A. tired B. asleep C. conscious D. busy46. A. So far B. After all C. However D. Therefore,_,_,因果,转折,解析 上下文之间的承接词语，表示因果、转折、递进等逻辑关系。45根据前文中的plenty of work大量的工作会使他们很忙而不会孤独。而不是“劳累”，“困倦”，“知觉”。46前后为转折关系。 译文 孤独在外空间会感到恐惧。那就是为什么在单独空间站给宇航员大量工作，让他们不断忙碌的一个原因。尽管他们还要不断地与地面人员交流，然而与离不开的人在一起也许比孤独更不容易。,例3 （2007上海卷- (

18、B)）,One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools, the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching. As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. 55 the faults already fou

19、nd out in the education system as a whole - such as child-centered learning, the “discovery” method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupil -there have been several serious 56 which have a direct effect on language teaching.55. A. Due to B. In addition to C. Instead of D. In spite of56. A. er

20、rors B. situations C. systems D. methods,_,_,解析 中心大意：The almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching55due to 由于； in addition to 加之； instead of 替代； in spite of 尽管。in addition to 表示“进一步补充”。根据the faults already found out 和there have been several serious errors可知前后意义并列，添加关系。in addition to在此处起承接

21、作用。56errors 错误；situations 境遇；systems 体系；methods 方法。errors（差错）与上句中的 faults（缺陷）有并列意义.,译文 在我校提高标准的所有座谈中有一个话题是很少提及的：外语教学几乎是彻底失败。作为有25年之久教龄的一个法语系大学毕业生，我知道外语教学为什么失败那么惨。再有就是，已经存在于整个教育体系当中的缺陷，诸如以孩子为中心的学习；“发现”学习方法；教师对所教学生期望不高-直接影响外语教学的几种严重问题依然存在。,(五) 善于捕捉信息词语,例1 （2007江苏卷-第1段）Carolyn Stradley is the founder o

22、f C&S Paving Inc.(铺路公司) in Atlanta, USA. In the following account, she recalls the job that challenged her 36 and skill but left her flying high.36. A. kindness B. patience C. imagination D. experience,_,例2（2007江苏卷-第5段）,“Those ten days were filled with challenges that 53 one creative idea after anot

23、her. Nine days later, the night before the airport opened, National Car Rental was the 54 company that had cars on the parking lot.”53. A. required B. mixed C. followed D. formed54. A. best B. last C. second D. only,_,_,解析 36信息词语是其后的and skill，与之并列意义。 以及第5段文字里提到的一个又一个创新思想。Creative(创造性) 与imagination（想

24、象力）在意义上相通。53根据上下文可知这项工作需要(required)创造性的想法。54.上文提到在十天之内完成了任务，只有National Car Rental做到了。应选only。译文 第1段：Carolyn Stradley 是美国亚特兰大C&S铺路公司的创始人。在下面的叙述中，她回想起那项工作，对他的想象力和技能都是一次挑战。然而，这使她得以腾达。,(六) 掌握词组和固定搭配,例1 （2007全国卷I-末段） One day, the girl 52 into the plane, started it and soon left the 53 . Seeing their mothe

25、r take to the air, the birds 54 flapped (拍打)their wings and 55 . She flew the plane freely in the sky, her young birds following.52. A.climbed B. looked C. reached D. fell53. A. house B. floor C. water D. ground54. A. secretly B. disappointedly C. patiently D. eagerly55. A. looked away B. set out C.

26、 went by D. turned back,_,_,_,_,解析52 climb into the plane 爬进飞机。53 left the ground 离开地面。54the birds eagerly flapped their wings 鹅鸟们急切地拍打翅膀。55set out 起飞。译文 一天，小姑娘爬进飞机，发动飞机很快就离开地面。鹅鸟们看到妈妈飞上天空，鹅鸟们急切地拍打翅膀，随之起飞。她驾机在天空中自由飞翔，她的幼鹅们紧随其后。,例2 （2007北京卷-第6段）,例2 （2007北京卷-第6段） Angela was as good as her 43 . In the

27、afternoon she went to see the school headmaster who agreed to give the 44 some more thoughts. And he suggested that one 45 for having a band was to increase the price of each ticket from $5 to $10. Angela had to 46 out whether the students would like to do that.43. A. look B. behavior C. mind D. wor

28、d44. A. schedule B. situation C. view D. action45. A. possibility B. concern C. decision D. chance46. A. call B. find C. carry D. point,_,_,_,_,解析43as good as ones word ：说到做到。44to give the situation some more thoughts 对这个情况再考虑考虑。45校长建议提高票价的可能性(possibility)。46应选find out搞清楚。其他选项不符合文意。call out 大声呼唤；car

29、ry out 执行； point out 指出。译文 Angela 说到做到。下午就去见了校长。校长同意对这个情况再考虑考虑。他建议需要提高入场票价，由每张5元提到10元，这样才有可能请到乐队。Angela只好去弄清楚学生们是不是想这么做。,例3 （2007山东卷）,Communication is making a 47 for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong.47. A. space B. plan C. topic D.

30、room解析 make a space for ：为。留有空间。 as opposed to sth：to compare two things and show that they are different from each othereg. Students discuss ideas, as opposed to just copying from books. 学生们讨论意见，而不是仅仅抄书本上的东西。译文 交流就是为讨论留有余地，谈谈你的感受，而不是仅仅说别人做的错事。,_,(七) 根据文化背景知识和生活常识推理,例1（2006全国卷-1） On a hot summer day

31、 in late August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront caf on a Greek island. Over a hundred degree in 36 air. Crowded. Temper of both the tourists and waiters had 37 to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment.36. A. fresh B. cool C. still D. thin37. A. managed B. ex

32、pected C. attempted D. risen,_,_,解析 根据生活常识来判断 36在八月的盛夏高温天气，空气应该是停滞的。应选still。37在如此拥挤焦躁的环境下，很自然，人们的脾气都见涨。应选risen。译文八月末的一个炎炎夏日，在希腊岛面临大海的咖啡屋，我找阴凉和冷饮。超过华氏百度的高温，空气停滞，拥挤不堪。在这种情形下游客和服务生的脾气见涨，极容易引发发火的环境。,（八）根据全文整体理解推理,例1 （2007 江苏卷第6段）“The key to our success was having the 55 to take on any job and then being

33、 creative in our approach to getting it done.”55. A. courage B. interest C. hope D. chance解析 全篇描述该公司承接铺路工程的经过以及在施工中如何克服遇到的种种困难挑战。读者可领略到面临挑战需要勇气。译文 第6段：成功之关键是承担任何工作要有勇气，然后是在方法上有创新来做好它。,_,55通过文章开头及全篇理解：她们面临如此多的挑战承接这样艰巨的任务，可结论性地判断，成功之关键是勇气(courage)；而不是兴趣、希望和机会。 第1段：She recalls the job that challenged h

34、er imagination and skill but left her flying high. 她回想起那项工作，对他的想象力和技能都是一次挑战。然而，这使她得以腾达。,第2段： National Car Rental wanted to have 2,500 square meters of dirt paved so the car could be on site when the airport opened, and the official opening was only ten days away! No other local paving company wanted

35、 to do the job, stating it couldnt be done in such a short time.” 十天内铺就2，500平方米泥路；没有一家公司愿意承接词项工程。（面临艰难挑战）,第3段：We also reminded them that if we failed, they would be no worse off, but they had plenty to gain if we succeeded. 我们还提醒他们如果没有完成，他们所面临的状况绝不会更糟, 而如果我们干成了，他们就可大大获利。（分析情况） 第4段：We got the job and

36、 immediately went into action （.） 我们得到这个项目立即动工。（包括为夜间施工租发电机照明；，挑战浇湿混凝土；租用洒水车、消防水笼带，并亲自浇水等。）,第5段：“Those ten days were filled with challenges that required one creative idea after another. Nine days later, the night before the airport opened, National Car Rental was the only company that had cars on t

37、he parking lot.”十天的那些日子里充满挑战，而挑战需要一个又一个的创新思想。九天后，就是在机场开放的前一个夜晚，国立汽车租赁公司成了唯一一家在停车场驻足的公司。,例2 （2007山东卷-第1段）,Life is filled with challenges. As we get older we 36 realize that those challenges are the very things that 37 us and make us who we are. It is the same with the challenges that come with 38 .36

38、. A. seem to B. come to C. hope to D. try to37. A. design B. promote C. direct D. shape38. A. confidence B. pressure C. friendship D. difficulty,_,_,_,解析 通读全篇，整体理解。第1段是文章的中心思想。36逐渐认识到，应选用come to。37塑造我们自己，应选用shape。38根据本文最后一段：In dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring you, try to see t

39、hem for what they are: small hurdles you need to jump or get through on your way through life.我们看到friendship（友谊）字样。应选friendship。译文 生活充满挑战。随着我们长大就会逐渐意识到那些挑战都能塑造我们自己，使我们成为什么样的人。同样的挑战也伴随在友谊中。,Summary,Reading is everything.Reading should be stressed on the meaning.Reading between the lines is to get the context.Words and idioms can be memorized by learning the context.Getting the main idea depends on focusing on the key sentences in the whole passage. Understanding the authors attitude is the main task,Context is the first thing we should pay special attention to !,