1、 脊 柱Vertebral column基础医学院人体解剖教研室The vertebral column(脊柱 )consists of 24 vertebrae(椎体 ), the sacrum（骶椎） , and the coccyx） (尾椎 ). 一、 Vertebrae 椎骨 There are 33 vertebrae in children, arranged as follows: Cervical vertebrae 颈椎 C.7 Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 T.12 Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 L.5 Sacral vertebrae 骶椎 S.
2、5 sacrum 骶骨 Coccygeal vertebrae 尾椎 Co.34 coccyx尾骨General features of vertebrae Vertebral body 椎 体 Vertebral arch 椎 弓 pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根 : lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板 spinous process 棘突 transverse process 横突 sup. and inf. Vertebral notch 椎上、下切迹 sup. and inf. articular processes上、下关节突 Vert
3、ebral foramen 椎 孔 Intervertebral foramen 椎间孔 Vertebral canal 椎 管Regional variations of vertebraeCervical vertebrae Vertebrae Body（椎体） : small Vertebral foramen（椎孔） : larger and triangular Spinous processes（棘突） : short and bifid in C3 to C5, long in C6,and longer in C7 Transverse processes（横突） :short
4、 and bifid, transverse foramen横突孔 Articular processes（关节突） : horizontal Atypical vertebeae Atlas寰椎 (C1) Body and spinous process absent, consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral masses Groove for vertebral artery 椎动脉沟 Axis枢椎 (C2): distinguished by dens齿突 which articulates with dent
5、al fovea of anterior arch of atlas Carotid tubercle: 颈动脉结节 : anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6 Vertebra prominens 隆椎(C7):contains long and non-bifid spinous process, it is visible with neck flexed, used as clinical landmark in counting cervical and thoracic spinous processesThoracic vert
6、ebrae Vertebrae Body ：heart-shape, superior and inferior costal fovea 上、下肋凹 Vertebral foramen：smaller, rounder Spinous processes：long, point obliquely downward Transverse processes： transverse costal fovea 横突肋凹 Articular processes: coronal Lumbar vertebrae Vertebrae Body：larger, kidney-shape Vertebral foramen:larger and triangular Spinous processes: projects horizontally Transverse processes:long Articular processes: sagittal
