toefl长难句.doc

1、1. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time for giving birth.2. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instrum

2、ents of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.3. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal

3、 frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.4. The largest later named pueblo bonito by the Spanis

4、h, rose in five terraced stories, contained more than 800 rooms, and could have housed a population of 1000 or more.5. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualificati

5、on for holding such position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of large personal library of musical pieces. (not.so much as.与其说 .不如说.)6. The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the words rain forest does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insect

6、s that comprise the bulk of the species.7. To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small.(要充分认识海洋生命的多样性和丰富性，从小的角度思考有帮助）8. Science is built with facts just as a house built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pi

7、le of bricks ac be called a house.9. The variation between the hemisphere corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities.10. In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as john Barth, Donald Barthelme , and Tomas Py

8、nchon, Joyce carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction. 11. If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.12. Individua

9、lism is weakly developed in folk cultures, as are social classes.13. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nations economy would bring social chaos.14. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes ea

10、sily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird , but always functional shapes.15. With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it , young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than h

11、ad their predecessors during the Depression.16. The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature: furthermore, in its manifestation of speed and noise, it might be a despoiler of human nature as well.17. Keen observers and quick learners, they are astute about the intentions of other creatures, i

12、ncluding researchers, and adept at avoiding them.18. Education is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school and one that should be an integral part of ones entire life. 19. Lifes transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of the evolutionary challenges as

13、 was the genesis of life.20. In agriculture, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the warehouses, and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nations farmers the visible sign of vast conspiracy against them.21. And there were factor

14、ies in occupation such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building.22. But as the number of wage earners in the manufacturing rose from 2.7million in 1880 to 4.5million in 1900 to 8.4 million in 1920

15、. the number of huge plants like the Baldwin locomotive works in Philadelphia burgeoned, as did the size of the average plant.23. What we today call American folk art was , indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of

16、 all kinds. And especially for portraits.24. The sculpture legacy that the new united states inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople.25. On the rare occasion when a fine piece

17、of sculpture was desired. Americans turned to foreign sculptors,as in the 1770s when the cities of New York and Charleston, south Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt.26. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, w

18、hich would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in grants Gazelles.27. Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells build

19、ings owners ho much they can charge their tenants in rent.28. Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring their own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony.29. With the turn-of-century crafts moveme

20、nt and the discovery of nontraditional sources of inspiration, such as wooden African figures and masks, there arose a new urge for hands-on , personal execution of art and an interaction with the medium. 30. The common kestrel roosts and hunts alone, but the lesser kestrel roosts and hunts in flock

21、s, possibly so one bird can learn from others where to find insect swarms. (possibly so= possibly so that)31. In the 1500s when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwestern united states, they encountered the ancestors of the modern day pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni peoples.32. During t

22、he 1940s electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible light microscope, while the performance of x-ray microscopes resisted improvement.33. What they do is look at familiar conditions from perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful or

23、 affected.34. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false.35. With the spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition and speaks in a personal i

24、diom instead of abstract platitude.36. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they lived in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy.37. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them. Nor do ordina

25、ry citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity.38. In addition to having to be a generalist while specializing in what may seem to be a narrow field, the researcher is faced with the problem of primary materials that have little or no documentation.39. Moreover, the degree to which

26、cones are naturally slightly open or tight closed helps determine which bill design is the best.40. By comparison with these familiar yardsticks, the distances to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large, but they too are made more manageable by using a time calibration. In this case the distance tha

27、t light travels in one year. 41. The primary reason was skepticism that a railroad built through so challenging and thinly settled a stretch of desert,mountain, and semiarid plain could pay a profit.42. The argument that humans, even in prehistoric times, had some number sense, at least to the exten

28、t of recognizing the concepts of more and less when some objects were added to or taken away from a small group, seem fair. For studies have shown that some animals possess such a sense.43. A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere

29、 in such quantities as to affect animals, human, vegetation, or materials adversely.44. The acute, growing public awareness of the social changes that had been taking place for some time was tied to tremendous growth in popular journalism in the late nineteenth century, including growth in quantity

30、and circulation of both magazines and newspaper.45. A detailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry, a technique for obtaining measurements through photographs, which created a drawing showing all the curves and contours of the prints.46. Footprints thus provide us not merely with

31、rare impression of the soft tissue of early hominids, but also with evidence of upright walking that in many ways is clearer than can be obtained from the analysis of bones.47. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms shellfish, and all vertebrates(creatures pos

32、sessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals.48. In the twenties, jazz became the hottest new thing in dance music, much as ragtime had at the tur

33、n of the century, and as would rhythm and blues in the forties, rock in the fifties, and disco in the seventies.（ much as.and as.-就像.以及.一样）49. They made these quilt until the advent of the Revolutionary War in 1775, when everything English came to be frowned upon.(flown upon-对.表示不满）50. Farm dwellers

34、 in their isolation not only found it harder to locate companions in play but also thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work, felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose.51. The scientific investigation of an experience as private as consciousness is frustratingly beyond the usual

35、 tools of the experimental psychologist.52. Among the species of the seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate lay eggs, and rare their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets.(among the species of se

36、abirds.are.=.are among the species of seabirds.)53. The distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living.54. The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources, made velocity of tra

37、nsport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production, and carried consumer goods to households.55. The native American of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds, grasses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes-

38、not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats,boats,fish traps, baby carries, and ceremonial objects. (fashion 制作）56. The wrap was always made of willow, and the most commonly used welt was sedge root-a woody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread.57. The

39、 older painters, most of whom were born before 1835, practiced in a mode often self-taught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securely established in and fostered by the reining American art organization, the National Academy of Design.58. In 15 or 30 seconds a speaker cannot estab

40、lish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others.59. Now, scientists have data from satellites and ground-based observations from which we know that the auroral brilliance is an immense electrical discharge similar to that occurring in a neon sign.60. Outsides the magnetosphere, blasting toward the earth is the solar wind, a swiftly moving plasma of ionized gases with its own magnetic