1、1外文翻译BUILDINGSUSTAINABLEORGANIZATIONSTHEHUMANFACTORALTHOUGHMOSTOFTHERESEARCHANDPUBLICPRESSURECONCERNINGSUSTAINABILITYHASBEENFOCUSEDONTHEEFFECTSOFBUSINESSANDORGANIZATIONALACTIVITYONTHEPHYSICALENVIRONMENT,COMPANIESANDTHEIRMANAGEMENTPRACTICESPROFOUNDLYAFFECTTHEHUMANANDSOCIALENVIRONMENTASWELLTHISARTICLE
2、BRIEFLYREVIEWSTHELITERATUREONTHEDIRECTANDINDIRECTEFFECTSOFORGANIZATIONSANDTHEIRDECISIONSABOUTPEOPLEONHUMANHEALTHANDMORTALITYITTHENCONSIDERSSOMEPOSSIBLEEXPLANATIONSFORWHYSOCIALSUSTAINABILITYHASRECEIVEDRELATIVELYSHORTSHRIFTINMANAGEMENTWRITING,ANDOUTLINESARESEARCHAGENDAFORINVESTIGATINGTHELINKSBETWEENSO
3、CIALSUSTAINABILITYANDORGANIZATIONALEFFECTIVENESSASWELLASTHEROLEOFIDEOLOGYINUNDERSTANDINGTHERELATIVENEGLECTOFTHEHUMANFACTORINSUSTAINABILITYRESEARCHHEREISGROWINGPUBLICANDBUSINESSINTERESTINBUILDINGSUSTAINABLEORGANIZATIONSANDINTCREASINGRESEARCHANDEDUCATIONALINTERESTINTHETOPICOFORGANIZATIONALSUSTAINABILI
4、TYTHEACADEMYOFMANAGEMENTHASADIVISIONCALLEDORGANIZATIONSANDTHENATURALENVIRONMENT,ANDTHEREARENUMEROUSJOURNALSANDRESEARCHPAPERSCONCERNEDWITHECOLOGICALSUSTAINABILITYTHEREAREGROWINGNUMBERSOFHIGHEREDUCATIONPROGRAMSFOCUSEDONSUSTAINABILITYANDANASSOCIATIONFORTHEADVANCEMENTOFSUSTAINABILITYINHIGHEREDUCATIONFOU
5、NTAIN,2010MARCUSANDFREMETH2009NOTEDTHATTHISENTHUSIASMFORWHATTHEYCALLED“GREENMANAGEMENT”CAMEFROMPEOPLESEXPECTATIONSFORHOWMANAGERSANDTHEORGANIZATIONSTHEYLEADSHOULDCONDUCTTHEIRBUSINESSTOPROTECTTHEENVIRONMENTASAMBECANDLANOIE2008,P46NOTED,“FIRMSAREFACINGGROWINGPRESSURETOBECOMEGREENER”ASITISOPERATIONALIZE
6、DINTHELITERATURE,SUSTAINABILITYISDEFINEDINPARTBYANEFFORTTOCONSERVENATURALRESOURCESANDAVOIDWASTEINOPERATIONSCONSERVATIONANDTHEMOREEFFICIENTUSEOFRESOURCESNATURALLYLESSENTHEBURDENOFECONOMICACTIVITYONTHEENVIRONMENTANDHELPTOENSURETHATTHEACTIVITYCANBESUSTAINEDOVERTIMEBECAUSETHERESOURCESREQUIREDWILLNOTBEEX
7、HAUSTEDSUSTAINABILITY2ALSOAPPEARSTOENCOMPASSACTIVITIESTHATRENEWANDRECYCLEWHATISUSED,ONCEAGAINWITHTHEGOALOFENSURINGTHATTHEECOSYSTEMTHATSUPPORTSLIFEANDLIFESTYLECANANDWILLBEPRESERVEDOTHERASPECTSOFSUSTAINABILITYINCLUDEPRESERVINGWHATISASINPRESERVINGTHREATENEDPLANTANDANIMALSPECIESAND,INCULTURALSUSTAINABIL
8、ITY,PRESERVINGTHEVALUES,ARTS,CULTURE,ANDFOODOF“COMMUNITIESTHREATENEDBYGLOBALIZATIONANDMODERNIZATION”NAVARRO,2010,P20INTHEPHYSICALSCIENCES,MUCHOFTHERESEARCHONSUSTAINABILITYHASFOCUSEDONTHEAMOUNTOFSTRESSANECOSYSTEMCANTOLERATEASWELLASPRINCIPLESFORRESTORINGECOLOGICALBALANCEINMANAGEMENT,RESEARCHATTENTIONH
9、ASFOCUSEDONTHEPOSSIBLELINKSBETWEENPROFITABILITYANDSUSTAINABILITYASWELLASTHEFACTORSTHATCAUSEORGANIZATIONSTOPURSUEDIFFERENTSUSTAINABILITYSTRATEGIESEG,AMBECBANSAL,2002MARCUSBANSAL,2002MARCUSFREMETH,2009)。甚至还有一些考虑到组织活动的社会影响,这些设想大多数直接与经济发展的结果和本土文化的开发有关(BANSAL,2002)而不是每个个体的健康与福利的管理实践和社会福利的充裕程度作为竞争者活动的一部分(
10、例如,PUTNAM,2000)环境的可持续性非常重要,文章中没有一个地方不在说明这点的重要性。虽然如此,文章强调的是自然环境引起的一个有趣的问题比如,为什么北极熊甚至是塑胶牛奶壶会比人更为重要,难道是因为研究的注意,还因为企业的主动性2008年,萨姆俱乐部的执行主席DOUGMCMILLON(COLVIN,2008),在划分沃尔玛的讲述中提到塑胶牛奶壶的改革,而事实上,它确实能够创造1020美分的价值,并提高10000的发配量。从而达到节约能源的目的。2005年,沃尔玛的执行总裁LEESCOTTT在自己公司的对其合作伙伴作出历史上的首次公开演讲。在演讲中,他提出使沃尔玛的60000供货商的可用性
11、,他承诺,公司的宗旨是百分之一百的提供可持续能源,创造零浪费和销售持续和环保产品(PLAMBECKDENEND,2007)。同时沃尔玛支付给员工的工资也比其他零售商至少少15,因为工资低,所以他的员工能享受到更好的社会福利(DUBEETAL,2007)。2005年,46沃尔玛员工的小孩,不管是未买保险的还是穷人家的,都可以参加为低收入者提供的一项医疗保障(ROSENBLOOMBARBARO,2009)。与“好市多”公司相比,虽然沃尔玛给员工提供了较少的薪水,但其医疗和社会福利并不比其他公司低(CASCIO,2006)。相对而言,沃尔玛强调的是物理环境远远高与其他。英国石油公司,一个在广告和实际中拥有良好信誉的企业,也是致力于世界石油的主要公司之一。其对于能源的重要贡献是不可估量的,他们的英文缩写BP也表示“超越石油”6的意思。显然较少关注它的员工,公司的支付记录很好,8700万美元在德克萨斯州,也就是该州的精炼产裁掉15人(GREENHOUSE,2009)。对于处于不利地位的企业,不仅要扩张,还要建立许多的安全保障,随后就是改正那些效率低下的问题了。
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