1、*1第一篇 微生物学基础第八章 病原学诊断与防治Laboratory Diagnosis and Prevention Principles第一节 细菌学诊断第二节 病毒学诊断第三节 真菌学诊断第四节 特异性预防与治疗*2Outline Laboratory diagnosis for bacterial infectionsl Morphological - microscopic l Molecularl Serological Laboratory diagnosis for viral infectionsl Morphological - electron microscopic l
2、 Isolation l Molecular: nucleic acids and proteins l Serological Laboratory diagnosis for fungal infectionsl Morphological - microscopicl Isolation*3*4Assays Morphological assaysl Light or electron microscopies Isolation and differentiation Serological assaysl Antigen-antibody assays Molecular assay
3、sl Microorganisms gene (DNA & RNA)*5Principles for Specimen Collection Sterile manipulation, avoid contamination Obtain a specimen l from the infected sitel according to the disease phasel before administrating antibiotics Double sera for antibody detections, acute and recovery phase eachl Positive
4、if the titer of the later specimen is above 4X to the first specimen Transport, and store correctlyl as soon as possiblel Store at -4oC for most bacterial specimens, but keep warm for Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeael Store at -4oC -70oC for viral specimens*6Laboratory Diagnosis for
5、Bacterial Infections Morphological Protein and Nucleic acids Antibody*7标本的采集和送检六原则l无菌取材 ,避免杂菌污染l不同期不同标本l用抗生素以前l采集病变明显部位l运送注意保存l标本必须新鲜*8病原菌的检查程序病原菌的检查程序药物敏感试验药物敏感试验直接涂片镜检直接涂片镜检分离培养分离培养 生化试验生化试验血清学试验血清学试验动物试验动物试验 明明确确诊诊断断初步诊断初步诊断分子生物学技术分子生物学技术其他检测技术其他检测技术*9Bacteriological Diagnosis Identifying the org
6、anismMorphological Isolation & cultureBiochemical reaction Serological assays Pathogenesis & antibiotics susceptibilityAnimal experimentVirulence testantibiotics susceptibility *10Morphological Non-stained microscopic observationlDark-field microscopylObserving the movement of live bacteria Stained microscopic observationslGram stainlAcid-fast stainlFluorescence stain
