化合物基本命名法则.doc

1、“ “ 1998 6 22 ( ) “ 1998 8 90 , IUPAC . * “ . 1. 1) b, v c (a, o, u ), k, q, ch d f, p, ph g ( )h l ( ) m n r *s, c (i, e, y ), sh t th j, x, z * . “ar-“ “-“ . 2) “, , , , , , , o“ . 3) a ane an e er i o u , w e () ( )iu io ia eu y ( ) y ( ) , , 2. . trans di- - - “-“ . tri- - - “-“ . bi- - - icos-

2、- - iso cyclo- - - meso- abeo- - retro- des- - de- - - di-(“ -) . 3. “-ate“ “-ite“ “-“ “(亞)-“ .() thioate / thioite / 4. “-ium“ “-“ . () pyrazinium 5. (-ol, -al, -one, -yl ) . * phenol phenyl “ “ . () butanol hexanal pentanone butanyl silanyl 6. IUPAC o . () benz-anthracene (“-“ ) benzaldehyde (“ )

3、acetonitrile 7. “-oic acid“ “-ic acid“ “-“ . () maleic acid pentanoic acid () benzoic acid (“ ) thioic acid / 8. , , , . () methyl chloride / ethylene dibromide / ethylacetate / sodium hexanoate / sulfide -/- oxdie -/- 1. alkane, alkene, alkyne “, “, “ . * methane octane -ane “-“ . () methane / etha

4、ne / ethene ethyne (“ ) 2. “-ane“ “-an“ “-“ “-“ . () borane (“ ) silane sulfane (“ ) furan (“ ) morphinan silanyl butane / sodium hydrogen heptanedioate 3. r . * ar- “(亞)-“ “-“ . () carboxylic acid (“ ) carbaldehyde bornane norbornane formic acid ( ) formyl chloroform carbazide carbohydrazide arsine

5、 arsa- - 4. “-er“ “-“ . () ester (“ ) ether / terpene 5. th “ , “thio-“ “ortho“ “/“ “ . () sodium thiosulfate / threonine * ether ester “/“ “ . 6. “-ene“ “-“ . () benzene (“ ) toluene allene mesitylene indene acetylene xylene (“ ) 7. “-ide“ “-“ . * “imide“ “ , “amido“ “imido“ “ “ . () succinamide su

6、ccinimide hydride carbazide carbohydrazide halide chloride sulfide cyanide 8. g “ . () geraniol halogen / 9. hy-, cy-, xy-, ty- “-“, “-“, “-“, “-“ . () hydride (“ ) cyanide (“ ) xylene styrene (“ ) anhydro aldehyde (“ ) 10. u “ , “, “ . () toluene (“ ) sulfane (“ ) sulfide urea / (“ ) furan (“ ) but

7、ane / (“ “ ) 11. i “ , “ . () iso (“ ) vinyl / vitamine / (1-109) () ()Actinium Aluminium Americium Antimony(Stibium) ( )Argon Arsenic Astatine Barium Berkelium Berylium Bismuth bohrium(Bh) Boron Bromine ()Cadmium Caesium(Cesium) Calcium Californium Carbon Cerium Chlorine Chromium ()Cobalt Copper (C

8、uprum) Curium dubnium(Db) Dysprosium Einsteinium Erbium /Europium Fermium Fluorine ( )Francium Gadolinium Gallium Germanium /Gold(Aurum) Hafnium hassium(Hs) Helium Holmium Hydrogen Indium Iodine ( )Iridium Iron(Ferrum) Krypton Lanthanum ()Lawrencium Lead(Plumbum) Lithium Lutetium Magnesium Manganese

9、 ()meitnerium(Mt) Mendelevium Mercury(Hydrargryum) Molybdenum ( )Neodymium Neon Neptunium Nickel Niobium /()Nitrogen(Azote) Nobelium Osmium Oxygen Palladium Phosphorus Platinum Plutonium Polonium Potassium(Kalium) /Praseodymium Promethium Protactinium Radium Radon Rhenium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium rutherfordium(Rf) Samarium Scandium seaborgium(Sg) Selenium ()Silicon Silver (Argentum) Sodium (Natrium) /Strontium