非谓语动词学案(很全面).doc

1、非谓语动词精讲 1非谓语动词基本概念及用法一、 动词不定式 to do 现在分词 v-ing 过去分词 v-edThinking about these examples:the bridge to be built 将建造的桥, the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built 已经建好的桥二、谓语与非谓语的比较非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是 He will come visit you，而是 He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式

2、 to visit。因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.A. to stand B. standing C. stood D. would stand分析：stood 是与 sat 并列的谓语。非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾语补 足语 定语 状语现在分词 V-ing 形式 动名词 不定式（to do） 过去分词(done) Exercise：找出“非谓语动词 ”，并判断作何成分To see is to believe. Seeing is belie

3、ving.It is not an easy thing to master a language.My suggestion is to start work at once.They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.Have you anything to declare?He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.Did you see anyone enter the house?He saw his father talking with his teacher.

4、I once heard him sing this song.The boss made them work from morning till night.They were made to work from morning till night.The situation is encouraging.She looked disappointed.They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south.The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was

5、built in 1955.Is this the book recommended by our teacher?The meeting held last week is very important.The meeting being held is very important.The meeting to be held next week is very important.Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting.构成语态非谓语形式 时态 主动 被动 复合结构 否定式一般式 to do to b

6、e done进行式 to have doneto have been done完成式 to be doing /不定式完成进行式to have been doing /for sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加 not或 never一般式 doing being done动名词 完成式 having donehaving been donesb.或 sbs doing作主语要用sbs doing在前加 not特别注意复合结构的否定式： sbs not doingsbs not having done非谓语动词精讲 2现在分词 与动名词变化形式相同 在

7、前加 not做宾语的非谓语动词比较情况 常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happenmind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语fe

8、el like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick tobegin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作

9、，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）意义基本相同 need, want, require（主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）go on to do（接着做另外一件事）go on doing（接着做同一件事）两者都可以意义不同 try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力）try doing（试试去做，看

10、有何结果）mean to do（打算做，企图做）mean doing （意思是，意味着）cant help （to） do（不能帮忙做）cant help doing（忍不住要做）be considered to have done 被认为已经做了considerto be 认为是consider doing 考虑做某事一. 作主语表示经常性，常用动名词作主语， 表示某一次，常用动词不定式作主语， 有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时， 要么都用动名词1. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk

11、 B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk2. To answer correctly is more important than _.A. that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly D. finish quickly答案: 1. B 2. C考点 1. 动名词的完成式一般不做 主语1) It was _ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.（

12、D 为什么不行？ ）A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played2) _ the homework made his father lose his temper. （但复合结构可以）A. The boys not having done B. The boy not having done C. The boys having not done D. The boy having not done答案: 1. B 2. A二. 作宾语 动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语考点 2. 有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语这类及物动词常见的有：ag

13、ree (同意) , ask (请、要) , attempt (试图) , afford 付得起 agree 同意 ask 要求 apply 申请care (想要 ) , choose (决定、要) , decide (决定) , desire (希望) , determine (决心) , help 帮助expect (期望) , fail (未能) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (学习) , manage (设法) , offer (愿意) , plan (计划、打算) , pretend (假装) , refuse (拒绝、谢绝) , wish (希

14、望) 等等 promise 答应 want 非谓语动词精讲 3想要 wish 希望考点 3. 有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语下列动词习惯上可接动名词作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语： admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 consider 考虑 delay 推迟 deny 否认 discuss 讨论 dislike 不喜欢 enjoy 喜爱 escape 逃脱 excuse 原谅 fancy 设想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 imagine 想像 keep 保持 mention 提及

15、mind 介意 miss 没赶上 pardon 原谅 permit 允许 practise 练习 prevent 阻止? 摇 prohibit 禁止put off 推迟 report 报告 risk 冒险 stop 停止 suggest 建议 understand 理解 feel like 想做某事考点 4. 有些动词即可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别forget ，remember 跟动名词作宾语，记得还是忘了以前做的事。跟不定式，还未作mean to do, 打算作某事；mean doing, 意味着 try to do , 尽力作某事；try doing, 尝试着作某事 want

16、/ need/ require doing sth, 表示被动；regret doing sth. 对做过的某事表示后悔；regret to say, 很抱歉的说like/ hate doing, 经常性的， like/ hate to do, 特定的某一次be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事，used to do 过去经常做某事 be used to do 被用来做cant help doing=cant help but do 忍不住做某事 cant help ( to) do 不能帮助做某事stop doing 停止正在做着的某事； stop to do 停下来做别的事

17、情go on doing 继续做原来做的事 go on to do 接着干别的事情forbid/allow doing something; forbid/ allow somebody to do something考点 5. except, but 后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词 do 的形式，不用 to, 否则要带 to1) There is nothing to do except _ till it stops snows.A. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. waits2) Standing on the top of the hill, I woul

18、d not do anything but _ the flowing of the smog around me. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy答案: 1. C 2. A三. 作表语考点 6. 表示将来某一次时常用动词不定式作表语，表示经常性性时常用动名词作表语( 表示某一次，如果主语中有 do 时，不定式省略 to) 1) Her wish is _ an engineer.A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come2) Some peoples greatest pleasur

19、e is _.A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fishing D. being fish3) What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _ the joy with all the Chinese. 4) A. share B. shared C. having shared D. about to share答案: 1. C 2. A 3. A考点 7. Remain to be done 还有待于，还要看-1) It remains _ whether Jim will

20、be fit enough to play in the finals.A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see2) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen答案: 1. B 2. B四. 作定语现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式都可作定语，作定语时，看与所修饰词之间的关系如果构成主动关系， （表正在进行） ，

21、用现在分词如果构成被动关系， （已完成） ，用过去分词表将来具体某一次，用动词不定式： 动名词作定语，表功能， 如 a swimming pool, a swimming fish, 前者为动名词，后者为现在分词非谓语动词精讲 4五. 作状语非谓语作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系。和句子主语构成主动关系时，用现在分词作状语，如：1) The secretary worked all night long, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing和句子主

22、语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作状语，如：2) _ to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last.A. Taken B. Taking C. Having taken D. Being taken表示“为了”，常用不等式作状语，这时，状语动词动作发生时间与句子谓语动作时间相比，是将来，例如：3) _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept分析：例 1. Prepare 与

23、work 是同时的，又是主动，因此选 B例 2 和句子主语构成被动关系，因此选 A例 3 和句子主语构成主动，又有为了之意， 因此选 A考点 8. 结果状语现在分词作结果状语时， 表示一种自然的结果动词不定时作结果状语， 表示一种出乎意料的结果1) The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February1, 2003, _ all seven astronauts abroad.A. having killed B. killing C. being kill

24、ed D. killed2) I went to see him, _ him out.A. finding B. find C. only to find D. to finding3) 【10 江苏】28. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, _the students to return to their classrooms. wA. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have

25、enabled 1. B 2. C 3. A考点 9. 目的状语动词不定式常作目的状语1) 【2011 浙江卷】19. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters. A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered2) 【2011 重庆卷】29.More TV programs, according to government to offici

26、als, will be produced _peoples concern over food safety.A.to raise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raised答案: 1. C 2. A考点 10. Have- in doing 句式Have difficulty/trouble/a problem/ a good time/a bad time in doing something 中 in 可以省略，此时-ing 为现在分词，相当于时间状语1) You can never imagine what difficulty I h

27、ave _ your house.A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding2) Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ the exam. A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing3) 【08 四川卷14】We had an anxious couple of weeks _ for the results of the experiment. A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D.

28、waiting答案: 1. B 2. D 3. D六. 作补语：非谓语动词作补语时，要看其与句子宾语之间的关系考点 11. 和宾语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作补语， 1) The traffic problem we are looking forward to seeing_ should have attracted the local governments attention .A. solving B. solved C. to solve D. solve2) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _

29、 the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out答案: 1. B 2. C考点 12. 和宾语构成主动关系时，用现在分词作补语， catch somebody doing something 逮住某人做某事Leave somebody doing somethingFind somebody doing somethingKeep somebody doing something考点 13. 动词不定式作宾补1. 一感二听看有五，let, make, have 后面宾补不带 to即：feel,

30、hear, listen to, see, watch, observe, notice, look at；,后不带 to非谓语动词精讲 5不过感官动词后也可跟现在分词作宾语，表示看到听到时动作正在进行；跟省略 to 的不定式作宾补时，强调看到听到了整个过程或事实例：I saw him run into the building. (整个过程)just then, I heard someone calling for help. (正在进行)2. 常用带 to 的不定式做宾补 的动词Want/ would like/ask/tell/get somebody to do something3

31、. Help 后面宾补可以带 to 也可不带 to(其后直接跟宾语时，带 to 不带 to 均可She often helps her mother ( to) do house work.She often helps ( to) do house work.4. 作宾补时主动语态中不带 to 的变为被动时要带 to1) -Why did you sell this old TV at such a low price?-I did only because I was made _ do so.A. do B. to do C. doing D. to doing2) Paul doesn

32、t have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning3) . The areoplane was noticed _ at six.A. take off B. to take off C. get off D. to get off答案: 1. B 2. B 3. B2.Have 后宾补的几种情况Have somebody do something 让某人做某事Have somebody doing something 让某人一直做某事Have something done

33、请别人做某事1) Why do you have the water _ all the time?A. ran B. to be running C. running D. being running2) You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough.A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained3) Who did the teacher have _ an article for the wall newspaper just n

34、ow?A. writing B. write C. to write D. written4) 【08 上海春卷39】If we have illegal immigrants _ in, many local workers will lose their jobs A. came B. coming C. to come D. having come5) 【2011 陕西卷】14.Claire had luggage _ an hour before her plane left. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked答案: 1. C 2.

35、 D 3. B 4. B 5. D七. 非谓语的完成式动词不定式、现在分词都有完成式。主要是把非谓语的动作和谓语的动作相比较，非谓语的动作发生在谓语动作的前面。与谓语动作是什么时态无关。如：动词不定式、现在分词的完成式_ a letter, he decided to sent a telegram.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received谓语动作是 decide, 非谓语动作是 decided;没有收到来信在先， 然后才决定-Is Bob still performing?-

36、I am afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left谓语动作是 is said, 是一般现在时，说明现在情况，非谓语动作是离开舞台；先离开后来人们才说。动名词的完成式I remember having lent you $100, but you havent paid it back.谓语动作是 remember,现在记得；而非谓语 lent, 应在 remember

37、动作之前。不过我们也可说 I remember lending you $100. 动名词的完成式在非正式文体中常用一般式代替。这是动名词的完成式不常考的原因。过去分词没有完成式为什么呢？看下例：_ that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.A. Having told B. Having been told C. Tell D. Telling非谓语和句子主要构成了被动，但 B 可以理解为现在分词完成被动式八. 非谓语的进行式非谓语动词精讲

38、6When the teacher entered ,the pupil pretended to be doing the experiment.He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 1) My son pretended _ when I came back.A. to sleep B. sleeping C. being sleeping D. to be sleeping2) 【2011 上海卷】Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing but we seem _ the art o

39、f communicating face-to-face.A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost答案: 1. D 2 B九. 非谓语的被动式1) Who is the man _now?A. operating on B. operated on C. being operated on D. to be operated on2) The building _ will be completed in a month. It will be our lab building.A. to paint B. being pai

40、nted C. to have painted D. painting3) The question _ now at the meeting is not the question _ yesterday.A. discussed; discussed B. discussing; had discussedC. being discussed; discussed D. discussing; discussing4) _ twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver

41、 must obey in this city. A. Being examined B. Examined C. Examining D. Having been examined 5) We asked _ to work in the countryside.A. to be sent B. to send C. to be sending D. sending答案: 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A非谓语动词强化训练.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.The children all turned (look)at the famous actress as she ente

42、red the classroom.解析：当那女明星走进教室时，所有的孩子都转身看她。用不定式表目的。答案：to look2.For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit (grow) on his own farm.解析：早餐他只喝在自家农场种植的新鲜水果制成的果汁。此处用过去分词作后置定语，表示已经完成及被动的意思。答案：grown3.All of them try to use the power of the workstation (present) information in a more effective way.解析

43、：句意：他们都努力使用工作站的力量以便用一种更有效的方式提供情报。to present information in a more effective way 是不定式短语作目的状语。答案：to present4. (bite) twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.解析：由于被咬过两次，除非我们把狗拴起来，否则那邮递员不愿意送信给我们。the postman 与 bite 是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，表被动。答案：Bitten5.A small plane crashed int

44、o a hillside five miles east of the city， (kill) all four people on board.解析：一架小型飞机坠毁于城市以东 5 公里处的山坡上，机上四人全部死亡。表主动，用现在分词作结果状语。答案：killing6.With the governments aid，those (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.解析：在政府的援助下，那些受地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。用过去分词affected 作后置定语修饰 those。答案：affected7

45、.Bill suggested (hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.解析：比尔建议开会就假期为上海世博会做些什么进行讨论。suggest 后接动名词作宾语。非谓语动词精讲 7答案：holding8.David threatened (report)his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.解析：戴维威胁说，他邻居如果不赔偿损失，他就要报案。threaten 后接不定式作宾语且 report 和 David 是主动关系

46、。答案：to report9. (complete) the project in time，the staff were working at weekends.解析：由后半句句意“全体工作人员周末都在工作”可知，前半句表示“为了及时完成那个项目” ，故用动词不定式作目的状语。答案：To complete10. (encourage) by the advances in technology，many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.解析：受科技进步的鼓舞，许多农民已经在他们的土地上建造了风力发电厂。根据句意，encourage 和

47、 farmers 是被动关系，因此用过去分词。答案：Encouraged11.When we visited my old family home，memory came (flood) back.解析：现在分词短语作方式状语。答案：flooding12. (tire) and short of breath，Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.解析：安迪和卢比第一批到达泰山之巅，筋疲力尽且呼吸困难。形容词作状语，tired为形容词化的过去分词。答案：Tired13. (give) the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.解析：如果训练得当，这些小足球运动员有朝一日可能成为国际级球星。主语 players与 give 是被动关系，用过去分词作条件状语，相当于 if they are given。答案：Given