初中英语仁爱版八年级上册知识点梳理(共计59页).doc

1、1八年级(上册)Unit 1 Play Sports【考点解析】Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball?Section A1We are going to have a basketball game against Class Threeagainst 表示“对着：反对；靠着”2cheer sbon 为加油，鼓劲3win 和 beat 都可表示“赢” ，但用法不同。(1) win(won，won)一般后接比赛，奖品或奖项作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表示“赢”的结果。(2) beat(beat，beaten) 击败、战胜，一般接对手作宾语，还可译为“心脏

2、跳动”或“击打” 。a game a teamwin+事物 a war beat+对手 a nationa prize an apponent(对手)4prefer 宁愿，更喜欢(1)prefer doing sthto doing sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事 prefer sbsth to sb.sth跟某人某物比较起来更喜欢人某物(2)prefer to do sth(rather)than do sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事(3)prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事5jointake part in(1)join 参加某个政党，团体，组织等，成为其中的一员(2)jo

3、in sb(in doing sth)和某人一起( 做某事)(3)join in=take part，in 参加某项活动 Section B1play for a team 为某队效力 be inon the team 在某队打球2dream 作名词， “梦，梦想” 。egmy dream job 也可作动词 dream ofabout sth.doing sth3 “one of the+形容词最高级+名词的复数”意思是“最之一” 。4break the record 打破记录5in the 2008 Beijing Olympics 在 2008 年北京奥运会中。 “在比赛中”用 in e

4、gin the race in the basketball game6give up 放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。eggive it up，give up doing sth 放弃做某事。 7What a Shame=What a pity 真遗憾!Section C1spendcostpaytake(1)spend 作 “花费”之意时，指花费时间精力财力在某事或某物上，主语是人。 (2)cost 主要指花费金钱时间劳力精力等。主语是某物或某事。其结构是 sthcosts sb(3)pay sb，酬谢某人， payfor可等同于 spendon，或用 cost 作同义句转换。(4)take

5、 一般指花费时间，其主语是名词或动名词，经常用 it 作形式主语。2do exercise=play sports 做运动，锻炼3There be 句型的将来时结构为 There isare going to be 或 There will be。注意在 There be 句型中不能出现表示“有”的 have 和 has。24the high jump 跳高 the long jump 跳远5Sure (1)be sure that+从句 egI am sure that he is right(2)sb be sure to do sth某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。 (3)be su

6、re ofabout sthdoing sth “确信” ，表示主语对 有把握。(4)用在祈使句里 Be sure(not)to do sth一定(不) 做某事 egBe sure to come here early6make 的用法。(1)make sbdo sth使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原 to。(2)“make sbsth+形容词”使某人或某物处于某种状态。(3)make sthfor sbmake sbsth为某人制作7be good for“对有益” ，反义词组是 be bad for“对有害” 。8keep healthy=keep fit 保持健康Section D1pla

7、y against 跟进行比赛play withplay against play for play with 玩耍，游戏，玩乐，与玩耍。play against 同比赛。 play for 为效力。2leave for离开某地去某地 leave for=set off for 出发去某地3一般将来时(1)含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，soon，later on，next time(week ，month，year，Sunday)等。(2)结构为 be going to do sth或 wil

8、l do sth 。There be 句型的将来时结构为 There isare going to be或 There will be。注意在 There be 句型中不能出现表示“有”的 havehas 。(3)表示位置移动的动词 go, come，leave ，fly，start 等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。其中 go和 come 一定要用现在进行时表示将来。【例 19】(10 年河北中考 )This term_ overThe summer vacation is coming in two weeks Ais Bwas Chas been Dwill be【例 20】(10 年

9、重庆中考 )If you_ to the 2010 Shanghai Expo next week，I will go with youAgo Bhas gone Cwill go Dare going【考点解析】Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water?Section A1wouldcouldwill you(please)do sth “请你做好吗? ”表示委婉请求对方做某事，否定结构是 wouldcouldwill you(please)not do sth 。egWould you please not play the piano lo

10、udly?2fall ill“生病” ，be ill“生病的” ，强调一种状态。 feel ill“感觉不舒服” ，强调一种身体感受。fall down 摔倒，跌倒。3mind 的用法(1)作动词，表示“介意” ，常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是 mind sbsthdoing sth对 would you mind sbsbs doing sth及“would you mind if+从句”的回答，如果是表达“会介意” ，可用 Yes，youd better notI am sorry but I do如果表达“不会介意” ，可用 No，not at all Never mindIt doe

11、snt matterNo ，of course not(2)用于提出建议。Would you mind doing sthwould you mind not doing sth? 对 Would you mind doing sth的回答可以用 Of course not，I will do it right awaySorry I will do it right away对 would you mind not doing sth的回答可以用 Sorry，I wont do it againIm sorry about that(4)作名词， “思想” 。set ones mind to

12、 do sthon sth专注于做某事4be gladhappy to do sth乐意做某事5practice sthdoing sth练习做某事3Section B1be always doing sth老是，含有抱怨的感情色彩。 2careless 形容词，反义词是 careful。carelessly 副词，反义词是 carefully3chance 机会 have a chance to do sth有机会做某事 get a chance to do sth得到一个机会做某事4What do you mean by sthdoing sth?=Whats the meaning of

13、 sthdoing sth ?5shout at sb朝某人喊叫，含有生气或气愤的感情。shout to sb朝某人喊叫，只是为了使对方听到，没有感情色彩。6fight with sb=have a fight with sb与某人打架7be angry with sb意为“生某人的气” ，如：【链接】(1) be angry at 对某人的言行感到气愤，(2) be angry about sth. 对某事感到生气，如：8do ones best to do sth=try to do sth尽力做某事9say sorry hellogoodbye to sb向某人道歉问候，道10befee

14、l sorry for to do 为而抱歉(难过)11keep 的用法(1) keep sbdoing sth使某人一直做某事 (2)“keep sbsth+宾补+adj ”使某人某物处于某种状态 (3)“keep sbsth+宾补 +adv ”使某人某物处于某种状态 (4)keep doing sth继续不断做某事e (5)“keep+表语” ，表示保持继续 (处于某种状态) egkeep fithealthy(6)赡养 egMy father keeps a big family(7)保存，保留 egHow long can I keep the book?12turn down 调低音

15、量 turn up 调高音量 turn on 打开 turn off 关上 注意代词都要放在中间。【分析比较】turn on“打开(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)” turn off“关掉(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)” 。 turn up“开大，调高” 。 turn down“减少，关小” 13in a minuteright awayat once 立刻，马上14对 sorry 的回答可以是 Thats OK(all right)It doesnt matterNever mind Not at allSection C1love doing to do sth 喜欢做某事2ex

16、citingexcited exciting 指使人感到兴奋的事 excited 是指人对感到兴奋3as welltooalsoeither soneither(1)tooas well 表示“ 也” ，一般放在句末，且前用逗号隔开，常用于肯定句。 egTom is a student；Jack is a student，tooas well(2)also 表示“也” ，用于肯定句中，放在 be 动词、助动词、情态动词后实意动词前。(3)在否定句中，都要改为 either。 (4)so 表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示肯定，其结构是“so+ be 动词助动词情态动词+主语” 。egKate w

17、ent shopping yesterday；Tom went shopping，tooas well(so did Tom)(5)neither 表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示否定，其结构是“neither+ be 动词助动词情态动词+主语” 。eg。Kate didnt go shopping yesterday；Tom didnt go shopping，either(Neither did Tom)4so that 引导目的状语从句，含义是“以便，目的是，为了” 。从句的谓语动词要用may，can，should，could 等情态动词，表示目的状语，相当于 in order that

18、，可以改成 in order to do 句型。egLets take the front seats so thatin order that we may see more clearly=Lets take the front seats in order to see more clearly6other othersanotherthe otherthe othersother 作形容词，指 “其他的，别的” 。e gother students4others(1)别人 egYou must be polite to others(2)“其他的人或物” ，指在一个范围之内，除去一部分

19、后剩余的部分，而不是全部，一般出现短语 someothers 中。e.gThere are many students in the classroom，some are reading， some are writing，others are talkinganother(1)(三者或三者以上)“又一个，再一个” 。不确定数量中的另外一个。Jack has bought another pen(2)别的，不同的。I dont like this shirtPlease show me another one(3)another+数词+名词一数词+more+名词。 “再多一些” ，在原来的基础

20、上再加一些。onethe other 两者之间一个另一个 Section D 1连接时间的介词用法(1)ago “多久之前” ，用过去式。结构是“段时间+ago” egtwo days ago(2)“before+点时间” ，表示“在几点前” ，可用过去时、将来时或一般现在时。e gThey will be here before 7：00。 (3)“in+段时间” ，指“多久之后” ，用将来时。egWe will get to Beijing in three days(4)“after+点时问” ，在几点之后，可用过去时，将来时或一般现在时。e gWe often play footbal

21、l after 5：00 in the afternoon “after+段时间” ，表示“多久之后” ，只能用于过去式。e gHe came back after four days2instead 副词， “代替。而。相反” ，单独使用时放句末。instead of sthdoing sth. 取代而不是3build sbup 使某人更强壮 4have fun doing sth做某事很愉快(1) have fun= enjoy oneself= have a good time 玩得开心，过得快乐(2) have fun with ab. 与某人共度快乐时光(3) Have funEnj

22、oy yourselfHave a good time 等可以作为对别人出行前得祝福。Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in?Section A1the sports meetmeeting 运动会 the boys 800 一 meter race 男子 800 米赛跑 the long jump 跳远 the high jump 跳高 the relay race 接力赛跑2Its theones firstsecondtime to do sth3make friends with sb 与某人交朋友。注意 friends 要用复数形式。4be

23、 ready for sth为某事而准备。 5maybemay be maybe=perhaps 副词， “也许，大概” 。egMaybe he is at the bus station nowmay be 是情态动词 may 后接动词原形 be， Section B l. 打电话问对方是某人时，可以问 Is that(speaking)?回答可以是 Yes，whos that?Speaking问对方是谁时用 Who is that?告诉对方自己是谁时，应该说 This is(speaking)。找人接电话时，应该说 Hello，may I speak to sb ?回答时如果是本人接的电话

24、，可以直接说 speaking。2Lets make it half past six让我们定在六点半吧。make it(1)指约定时间 egLets make it at 6：30(2)办成，做到( 打算或希望做的事)3pass 动词， “传递” 。 pass sbsth =pass sthto sb把某物传给某人。egWould you please pass me the book?“经过” 。egShe was the first one to pass the finishing linepass by“经过(某地)” 。past 可作副词或介词， “在旁经过” 。egHe hurr

25、ied past me without stopping to talk with me【例 6】(09 年新疆中考)Did you see the accident yesterday?Yes It happened when I the museumAwalked pass Bwas walking past Cwalk past Dwas walking pass【例 7】We need _ _ _ ( 再加两个人)to do the work 4congratulations祝贺你。当别人取得成绩、荣誉时，我们可以对他说：Congratulations!【例 8】(10 年广东中考 )

26、Yesterday 1 won the first place in the 100-meter raceReally? _ !ACongratulations BNever mind CThats all right DIm sorry to hear that55take photospictures 照相 egLook ，lots of students are taking photos of the beautiful flowers【例 9】(10 年兰州中考 ) what are on show in the museum?Some photos_ by the children

27、 of Yushu，Qinghai Ahave been taken Bwere taken Care taken DtakenSection C1holdhave a sports meet 举行运动会2be good at sthdoing sth=do well in sth doing sth擅长( 做)某事do badly in sthdoing sth在某方面做得糟糕【例 10】His father is good at making model planes(同义句改写)His father_ _ _ _model planes3encourage sbto do sth鼓励某人

28、做某事。【例 11】 My father often encourages me_(study)hard4take exercise=do sports 做运动。其中 exercise 是不可数名词，意思是“运动，锻炼” 。它也可以做可数名词，意思是“练习，体操” 。egdo morning exercises 做早操【例 12】(10 年陕西中考 ) what do you think of the _ ?I think they are good for our eyesWe should do them oftenAeyes exercise Beye exercise Ceye exe

29、rcises5be able to 和 can (1) 表示现在或过去的能力时两者相同。e.g. I could ride a bike at the age of 8. =I was able to ride a bike at the age of 8. 我八岁时就会骑自行车了。(2) be able to 有人称时态及数的变化，而 can 只有过去式 could.e.g. We will be able to make it in 2010. 到 2010 年我们就可以做到了。(3)表示请求、允许及否定判断时，只能用 can。 e.g. The boy cant be Mike，he l

30、eft for Paris yesterday. 那个男孩不可能是 Mike.，他昨天去巴黎了。【例 13】Jacks father_ _ _(能)swim when he was five years old【例】Could I use your dictionary?Yes， you_.Acan Bcould Cneed Dshould6do sthfor the firstsecondtime第一二次做某事 egWe took part in the school sports meet for the second time last year【例 14】 China took par

31、t in the Olympics the first time in 1951Aat Bfor Cto Don7more “更多” ，后可接可数或不可数名词。反义词是 less， “更少” ，接不可数名词。fewer“更少” ，接可数名词复数。【例 15】(10 年黄冈中考 ) Whats the low-carbon lifestyle like?Save_ energy， produce_ carbonAmore ；more Bless ；more Cless；less Dmore ；lessSection D1stand for 代表 egRed stands for good luc

32、k in China【例 16】(08 年龙岩中考 )The Tang costume_ _(代表)Chinese history and fashion culture2at least=as little as 至少，反义词是 at most=as much as 至多。【例 17】 This pair of shoes costs_ _(至少)200 yuan【例 18】(10 年成都中考 )The food I cook isnt delicious，but _I can look after myselfAat first Bat last Cat least6【习题精练】I词汇A根

33、据汉语或首字母提示填写单词。1The r_ for joining the English club is to be able to practice more English2The modern_(奥运会)started in Athens 3There are many_(旅游者)visiting Beijing every year 4We should improve our _( 环境)and keep it clean5Five rings are a s_ of the Olympic GamesB根据汉语提示及句子意思补全句子。1I was the winner in th

34、e_ _(跳高)in the school sports meeting2Jack_ _ (可能 )ill nowI saw him in the hospital just now3Would you mind cleaning the floor?I am sorry，I will do it_ _ (立刻) 4You know his words_ _(代表)our idea5We can_ more(和交朋友)_ with foreigners单项选择1(10 年杭州中考) Would you like to have _ chicken?No，thanksIts delicious，

35、but Ive had enoughAsome other Bsome more Canother some2(10 年长沙中考)I am sure you will_ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to themAcatch up with Bagree with Cget on badly with Dmake friends with3(10 年安徽中考) It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw picturesRightThats what she

36、likes to do _ Amore Blest Cmost Dleast4(10 年十堰中考) Where is Jeff?Im not sureHe _playing football on the playgroundAmaybe Bmay be Ccan be Dmust be5(10 年安徽中考)Bob promises to_ the football match unless he has to help his parents on the farmAjoin Bjoin in Ctake part to6(10 年山西中考)English is difficult for

37、meHow can I improve it?Dont lose your confidenceI believe you will_ it if you keep tryingAtake Bwork Cpick Dmake7(09 年山西中考) Is it polite to speak and laugh loudly _ ?No，I dont think soA. in public Bat least Con time8(09 年新疆中考) Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes，We were all_ about the_

38、matchAexciting ；excited Bexciting；exciting Cexcited；excited Dexcited；exciting9(09 年广州中考)Have you _ your new classmates yet?Ahad friends with Bmade friend with Cgot friend to Dmade friends with10(09 年宁德中考)I called you yesterday，but nobody_ the phoneAchecked Brepaired Canswered11(09 年天门中考)why do you l

39、ike that scarf so much?Because I think it can_ me good luckAfetch Bbring Cpass Dtake712(09 年潍坊中考)Liu Qian，as a little boy，was so_ his own magic world that he seldom went out to play with other childrenAgood at Bmad about Cpopular with Dafraid of13(09 年福州中考)We will build a subway in Fuzhou before 201

40、4Wow，_ !Will it pass our place?Awhat an excited news Bhow excited the news isCwhat exciting news Dhow exciting news14(08 年南通中考) Hello! May I speak to MrSmith?_，pleaseHe is answering another call right nowAGo on BCome on CKeep on DHold on15(07 年厦门中考)Doctors often suggest， “_vegetables and meat can he

41、lp you keep fit”AMore； less BFew；much CFewer；more(10 年东营中考)阅读表达(共 5 小题，计 10 分)阅读短文，根据要求完成下面各小题。If the only sports you do are dancing your fingers across your keyboard，you could be in serious danger of more than just becoming fat!Do you feel sleepy，like something is weighing down on your head? Do you

42、 feel forgetful? Do you sometimes feel uncomfortable up and down your neck and lower back，and you cant explain why? Do you get sick often? It could be radiation(辐射)from your computer causing itIf you spend three hours or more a day in front of a computer，(and at this point，who doesnt?) you are more

43、easily harmed by these hazards(危害)We have got so used to using computers that we dont often think of them as dangerous sources(来源)of harmful(有害的)radiationA safe amount radiation is 25 Vm(Voltsmeter)Do you want to guess how much our personal computers give off?Keyboard：1000 Vm Mouse：450 V m Monitor：2

44、18 VmCPU ：170Vm Notebook computers：2，500 VmWays to Protect Yourself from Harmful Computer Radiation：1Decorate your desk with cactus(仙人掌)plants，they take in radiation2Drink two to three cups of green tea a day and eat an orange dailyThe vitamins in tea leaves and oranges protect us from radiation and keep our eyes healthy as well3Use a screen filter(过滤器)for your monitor4Avoid having metal objects nearby on your desk 5Put the back of the computer to the wallMost of the radiation comes off the back6Keep your monitor at least 50 cm away from your face7Keep your computer rooms ventila