2012牛津上海版八上chapter 7《nobody wins(part ⅱ)》word学习辅导材料.doc

1、上海版牛津英语 8A 第七章 学习辅导材料（ 11.12） 学 习 新 词 语 lie v. (lie, lay, lain，lying) 躺；平卧 例如; He lay on the bed and fell asleep. 他在床上躺下就睡着了。 The baby was lying on its back. 那个婴儿仰卧着。 注意 ：lie 作动词时，可以是“躺；平卧”的意思，也可以是“说谎”的意思。 作“躺；平卧”解释时，为不规则动词，过去式为 lay， 过去分词为 lain。 作“说谎”解释时，为规则动词，过去式和过去分词都是 lied。所以，我们可以 说：“规规矩矩说谎，乱七八糟躺

2、着。 ”例如： He lied about his age. He said he was 16 but in fact he was 14. 他谎报年龄。他说他 16 岁了， 其实他 14 岁。 注意: lie （躺）的过去时 lay 又是一个原形动词，意思是“下（蛋） ；放置” ，它的过 去式和过去分词为：laid, laid。 词语拓展 ：lie 也可以作名词，意思是“谎言” 。例如： She told me a lie. 她向我撒了一个谎。 case n. 容器；盒；套 例如： Put the camera back in its case. 把照相机放回套里。 词语拓展 ：case

3、的常用含义还有： (1) 病例：There are four cases of this disease in the school last month. 上个月，学校里有四个人得了这种病。 (2) 情形；实情： Theres no coffee. 没有咖啡了。 Well, in that case well have tea. 那么，我们喝茶吧！ (3) (法院审理或警方调查的) 案件；诉讼案：a divorce case 一桩离婚案 a murder case 一桩谋杀案 attract v. 吸引 例如： Magnets attract iron and steel. 磁铁能吸住铁和钢

4、。 Last nights concert attracted a big crowd. 昨晚的音乐会吸引了很多人。 同根词 ：attractive adj. 吸引人的；引人入胜的 例如： She wears very attractive clothes. 她穿着漂亮的衣服。 attraction n. 吸引力；吸引人的事物 例如： Mount Zijin is one of the attractions in Nanjing. 紫金山是南京的名胜之一。 damage v. 损害；毁坏；破坏 例如： Eating too much sweet food can damage your te

5、eth. 吃太多的甜食对你的牙齿有损害。 近义词 ：destroy v. 破坏；摧毁 例如： 词义辨析 ：damage 和 destroy damage 意思是“损坏；破坏” ，通常指损坏的程度不那么严重，受损的物品还可以修复 再用。例如： The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt. 汽车在事故中损坏不严重，但却有五人受了重伤。 destroy 意思是“破坏；摧毁；消灭；毁灭” ，通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏” ，受损的物 品一般不能修复再用。例如： The big fir

6、e destroyed the whole house. 这场大火把整座房子都烧毁了。 词语扩展：damage 还可以作可数名词或不可数名词。例如： The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city. 地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。 panic v. （使）惊慌失措 ( 过去时是 panicked, 过去分词是 panicked, 现在分词是 panicking，而第三人称单数为 panics 例如： The crowd panicked at the sound of the guns. 枪炮声使人群惊慌失措。 freedom n. 自由 例如

7、： The children enjoyed the freedom of the school holidays. 孩子们喜欢度假时的无拘无束。 同根词 ：free adj. 自由的；免费的 例如： The prisoner wished to be free again. 囚犯希望重新获得自由。 The newspaper is free to readers. 这些报纸是免费送给读者的。 free v. 使获得自由；释放 例如： He freed the bird. 他把鸟儿放飞了。 freely adv. 自由地 例如： You can speak freely in front of

8、 me. 在我面前，你可以畅所欲言。 figure n. (远处人的) 轮廓；（隐约可见的）人影 例如： I saw a figure in the darkness. 我看到暗处有一个人影。 figure 常用的意思还有： (1) 0- 9 中的一个数字。例如： Shall I write the numbers in words or figures? 这些数目，我写汉字还是写阿拉伯数字？ (2) 数额，价格 例如： What are our sales figures for Spain this year? 今年我们对西班牙的销售额是多少？ (3) 身材；体型；体态。例如： She h

9、as a slim figure. 她身材苗条。 语 法 知 识 一方位介词： 1in 在. 里面 例如：leave the key in the lock 钥匙留在锁孔里 2on 在.上面（有接触面） 例如：-Where is the phone? -Its on the table. -电话在哪里？ -在桌子上。 3. above & over 在. 上方 （此两个词有时可交替使用） 例如：The helicopter hovered above / over us. 直升飞机在我们上空盘旋。 We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上飞行。 We fl

10、ew over the clouds. 我们飞越了云层。 over 有跨越、覆盖的意思。 例如：The Nanpu Bridge is over the Huangpu River. 南浦大桥飞架黄浦江上。 4under & below 在.下方 和 over 相对应的是 under, 因此我们可以说 Im sitting under the tree. 我坐在树荫下。 below 则不强调“笼罩”的意思；The window is below the picture. 窗子在图画的下面。 5. beside & besides 两者形状相似，而意思不同： beside = at the si

11、de of 在. 旁边 例如：Sit beside your mother. 坐在你母亲旁边。 besides 是“另外，除外”的意思 例如： There will be five of us for dinner, besides John. 除约翰外，还有我们五个人一起吃饭。 6in front of & behind 两者可以认为是反义的。 例如：The bus stops right in front of our house. 公共汽车正停在我们房前。 Whos the girl standing behind Tom? 站在汤姆后面的那个女孩是谁？ 7between & among

12、 都含有“在.中间”的意思，between 一般用于两者之间，而 among 则用于“三者或三者以上之间” 。 例如：He often went among the masses. 他经常接触群众。 He is sitting between us. 他坐在我们两人中间。 8opposite & against 前者强调“面对面” ，后者则有“相对而依靠，衬托”等意思。 例如 The library is on the opposite side of the road from the school。 图书馆在学校马路对面。 The desk is against the wall. 书桌靠

13、着墙。 二.不定代词：some 和 any 1. some 用在肯定句中，any 用在否定句和疑问句中。 例如：-Do you have any wine? -你有酒吗？ -No, we dont have any wine. But we have some fruit juice.没有，但是我们有点果汁。 2some 可以用于疑问句表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答。 例如：I am thirsty. Can I have some water? 我渴了，可以喝点水吗？ 三.复合不定代词： some-, any- 与 one, -thing，-body 复合成的不定代词，用法与 some,

14、any 一样。 something (某事，某物 ) somebody (某人 ) someone（某人） anything (任何东西 ) anybody(任何人) anyone（任何人） no-, every- 与 one, -thing, -body 也可以构成复合不定代词 nothing (什么也没有) nobody（没有人） no one (没有人) everything(每件事或物 ) everybody( 每个人 ) everyone (每个人) 相关练习题： 1Lets go _ the road. The shop is _ the other side. A. across

15、, on B. cross, on C. through, in D. between, on 2. The bird flies _ the woods. A. above B. on C. under D. for 3. -Where do you often exercise? -I often exercise in a park. Its _ to my home. A. next B. near C. behind D. in front of 4. Xinjiang is one of the largest provinces in China. Its _ the north

16、west of China. A. at B. in C. to D. from 5. Money is important in my life. But it isnt _ to me. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything 6. The idea of “sunshine sport” makes it possible for children to choose and do _ about sport as long as one hour every day. A. pleasant something B. anyt

17、hing pleasant C. nothing pleasant D. something pleasant 7. -Wow, so many new houses! I cant believe that. It used to be a poor village. -Yes, _ has changed here. A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything 8. -Is _ ready for the journey? -No. We havent got a camera. A. everything B. something

18、C. nothing D. anything 9. -Who helped you with you English? -_! I learned it all by myself. A. Nobody B. Anybody C. Somebody D.Everybody 课文中文参考译文 逃出高克的魔掌 第三部分 晚饭过后，高克在床上躺下，几乎立刻就进入了梦乡。他开始打呼噜，鼾声使整个山 洞为之震颤。 “各位，给我听好了， ”我说道：“一下使我的计划。 ” 我从口袋里拿出我那个体积微小、但功能强大的激光手电筒。因为它被装在一个塑料 盒子里，所以磁铁没有把它给吸走。 “我们就要用它来逃离这个笼

19、子， ”我说道：“首先， 我要把这些钢条融化，然后” 彼得斯打断了我的话。 “我知道的，船长。然后我们就要用这个手电筒来杀死高克。 ” “动动你的脑子， ”我说道：“如果我们杀死了高克， 我们怎么逃跑呢？我们力气太 小了，打不开那扇门。一下才是我们要做的！我们要” 过了一会儿我们都出了笼子。我爬上高克的床，站在高克的头边。我大声叫道：“高 克，我是没有人 。 ”高克醒了。我将手电筒瞄准他的眼睛，然后按下了按钮。激光束射 中了高克的眼睛。 高克咆哮道：“我看不见了！我的眼睛！”这响声引得袋鼠们纷纷涌进他的房间。 “怎么了，高克？”它们大叫道。 高克回嚷道：“是没有人 。 没有人袭击了我。 没有人

20、弄伤了我的眼睛。 “ 袋鼠们大笑道：“没有人袭击他。高克在做噩梦。我们回去睡觉吧。晚安，高克。 ” 第四部分 我和队员们迅速混入袋鼠中间。高克说道：“没有人 ，我知道你藏在我的袋鼠们 中间。我会抓到你的。你完蛋了，你们统统都完蛋了。 ” 他把东门微微打开，吩咐他的袋鼠们一个接一个的出去。当它们穿过门缝的时候，高 克就会用手摸摸它们的后背，以确信我们没有骑在它们身上。 “我们现在该怎么办？”彼得斯小声说道：“我们没法骑在这些袋鼠身上出去了。我 们完了！” “彼得斯，不要慌！”我说道：“我们不能骑着它们出去，但我们可以藏在它们身体 里出去啊。来吧，藏到这只里面去。 ”彼得斯爬到了一只大袋鼠的育儿袋

21、里。过了一会儿， 他就逃出大门重获了自由。 “那就是我们如何全部获得了自由， ”金船长说道：“然后回到飞船上，最终安全地 回到了地球。 ” “高克怎么样？”有人问道。 “高克？我可不知道。可能他还在洞里搜寻没有人吧！” 就在这时，一个巨大的影子正悄无声息地逼近船长的屋子 综 合 能 力 测 评 一.选择最恰当的答案： 1After we walked _ the forest, _ a river, we stopped to take a rest. A. through, cross B. through, across C. across, through D. through, ove

22、r 2. _ the windows are shut _ you leave the lab. A. Be sure, after B. That, makes C. Make sure, before D. To be sure, before 3. I found the island an ideal for our experiments _ the hot weather. A. besides B. except C. except for D. except that 4. The workers _ the products by the end of last month.

23、 A. have finished B. would have finished C. had finished D. would finished 5. The boy _ on his back on the grass, his hands _ behind his head. A. laid, lying B. laid, laid C. lay, lying D. lay, laid 6. Wendy _ the interesting games, later on his brother also _. A. took part in, joined B. joined, too

24、k part in C. took part in, took part in D. joined, joined in 7. Lisa is sitting _ Tracy, so Tracy is sitting in front of her. A. behind B. next to C. beside D. after 8. -Is there _ ink left? -No, _ is in the bottle. A. any, none of B. any, nothing C. some, none D. some, nothing 9. I wish to have a l

25、ook at your new book, _ I? A. do B. shall C. may D. would 10. Linda has read _ stories by Mark Twain. Now she would like to read _ stories by writers from other countries. A. some, any B. some, some C. any, some D. any, any 11. By the time we arrived, they _. A. have left B. will leave C. had alread

26、y left D. would leave 12. Jack was still sitting on the chair when the lights _. A. went off B. went out C. went on D. went over 13. _ wonderful weather it is! A. What a B. What C. How a D. How 14. _ honest peasants they are! A. What B. What an C. How a D. How 15. _ easy job the tailor is doing! A.

27、What a B. What an C. What D. How 16. _ trouble those firefighters are in! A. What a great B. How great C. What great How greatly 17. _ music that pianist is playing! A. Hoe nice B. What nice C. What a nice D. How nice a 18. One weeks time has been wasted. I cant believe we did all that work for _. A

28、. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything 19. Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly _ left in the house. A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something 20. We like _ lemon tea. A. drink B. ate C. eating D. drinking 21. Grandma _ a bad cold since last Saturday. A. has got B. has taken

29、C. has had D. has caught 22. To _ you the truth, I havent finished it yet. A. say B. talk C. tell D. speak 23. _ heroine she is! A. How clever a B. What clever a C. How a clever D. What clever an 24. _ good advice that old professor gave us! A. What an B. What a C. What D. How 25. The Childrens Rest

30、aurant is open every weekday _ Wednesday. A. on B. except C. expect D. beside 26. China lies _ the east of Asia. A. on B. in C. to D. beside 27. Do you know the difference _ the two words? A. on B. in C. between D. among 28. Is there _ special on the radio? A. something B. anything C. nothing D. any

31、 29. There is a map of the world _ the back wall. A. in B. at C. on D. under 30. If you are _ trouble, Ill help you. A. beyond B. from C. of D. in 31. He has run out _ money. A. in B. of C. from D. on 32. The school is close _ a factory. A. in B. to C. of D. from 二.用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子： 1. She is an

32、_ (attract) girl, we all like her. 2. _ (eventual) they won the game by working hard. 3. Captain King went back to the earth _ (safe) at last, he _ (safe) himself. 4. Those plants _ (die) if you dont water them soon. 5. The _ ( silently) of night was broken by the fire。 6. I go into a _ (panic) when

33、 I found the door was locked. 7. Car carnival was so _ (attract) that thousands of people rushed there to have a look. 8. Its the _ (noise) street Ive ever known. 9. There is almost nothing on this _ (explore) island. 10. The plane landed _ (save) at last. 11. The _ (sleep) bag I bought last Friday

34、is very cheep. 12. The boy fell _ (sleep) in class. 13. New Zealand _ (attraction) tourists from all over the world. 14. Dont _ (interruption) others when they are talking. Its impolite. 15. He entered the classroom _ (silent). 16. People all over the world are fighting for _ (free). 三.从方框内选出动词，用其适当

35、形式填空，每词限用一次： 1. Can you see the heat steam _ from the window? 2. Peter was too tired. Listen! He is_ on the desk. 3. When the zookeeper saw a child _ at the monkey with a stone, he ran towards the boy and tried to stop him. 4. The search in the factory _ by a group of angry workers last week. 5. The

36、 new book about Harry Potter _ a lot of children readers since it was sold in many bookstore. 6. The gunfire in the nightclub _ many people who were dancing and drinking. 四.按要求改写句子： 1. We can take a bus to the Science Museum. (保持原句意思) We can go to the Science Museum _ _. 2. Nobody wants to go. (改为反意

37、疑问句) Nobody wants to go, _ _? 3. I am feeling much better now. （对划线部分提问） _ _ you feeling now? 4. Because the alien ran after him, he ran away immediately. （保持原句意思） Because the alien _ him, he _ immediately. 5. The old lady left her car after she had made sure the car was locked securely. （保持原句意思） Th

38、e old lady _ leave her car _ she had made sure the car was locked securely. 6. They had a school sports meeting last Friday.（改为一般疑问句） _ they _ a sports meeting last Friday? 7. Kitty was too frightened to say a word when she saw a big dog.（保持句子意思不变） Kitty was _ frightened _ she couldnt say a word whe

39、n she saw a big dog. 8. Jack ate some fruit after lunch yesterday.（改为否定句） Jack _ _ any fruit after lunch yesterday. 9. Its fun to have a barbecue on a sunny Saturday.（改为感叹句） _ _ it is to have a barbecue on a sunny Saturday! 10. Tony feeds his pet dog twice a day.（对划线部分提问） _ _ does Tony feed his pet

40、dog? 11. His new car runs very fast.（改为感叹句） _ fast his new car _! 12. He will fly to London to have a meeting.（对划线部分提问） _ _ he go to London to have a meeting? 13. This is a very attractive film.（改为感叹句） _ _ the film is! 14. Sam hurried to the railway station without lunch.（保持原句意思） Sam _ to the railwa

41、y station _ without lunch. 15. Staring at others is impolite.（保持原句意思） _ impolite _ _ at others. 五.阅读理解： （A ） A Timeline of Space Adventures Human beings have been interested in space for many years. We have tried a lot of times to travel into space and failed many times. But we succeeded several tim

42、es. Were sure that well know more and more about space, and maybe all of us will be able to have space travels in the future. 1543 Polish astronomer Nicholaus Copernicus (波兰天文学家哥白尼)believed the planets move around the sun. 1609 Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei (伽利略)used a telescope and proved Cope

43、rnicus theory(理论). 1687 Isaac Newton （牛顿）worked out probably the single greatest achievement (成就)of all time. In a single book he found the basic laws of force, motion, and gravitation (力，运动和引 aim, panic, snore, attract, interrupt, escape 力的基本定律）. He showed the force of gravity helps a planets orbit

44、 (轨道)follow Kepler equations (开普勒方程式). 1903 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky（康斯坦丁杰尔科夫斯基）, a Russian school teacher and space scientist, became the first person to work out all basic equations for rocketry(火箭学). From his broad reading ,including Jules Vernes (儒勒凡尔纳)From the Earth to the Moon（从地 球到月球 ）, he conc

45、luded（断言）that space travel is possible. 1960 the US Launched the first communications satellite(通讯卫星 ). 2003 Yang Liwei became Chinas first citizen in space. He was launched into orbit aboard Shenzhou on October 15th, 2003. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案： 1 Copernicus believed that _. A. the earth moves around the s

46、un B. the moon moves around the earth C. the moon moves around the sun D. the earth and the moon move around the sun 2. Who wrote From the Earth to the Moon? A. Isaac Newton B. Jules Verne C. Valentina Tereshkova D. Nicholaus Copernicus 3. We can know from the article that Konstantin Tsiolkovsky once _. A. launched a rocket B. taught Russian at school C. worked as a teacher D. read From the Earth to the Moon many times 4. The firs