2013牛津译林版必修五unit 3《science versus nature》word学案.doc

1、Unit3Science and nature （2012 译林版必修 5 ） 一、知识复习 1 1. On the other hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable human tissues-such as bone or lung tissuethat could be used to save human lives. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree

2、and are afraid that, if mankind toys with nature in this way, we may be on our way to producing a real-life Frankensteins monster. (1) on (the) one handon the other hand一方面另一方面 On one hand, rapid development of the economy will improve the living conditions of people. On the other hand, it will spee

3、d up environmental destruction. (短语) at hand 在手边，在附近 by hand 用手；亲手 in hand 手头现有的，正在进行，在处理中 hand in 交上来 hand out 分发 hand over 移交 hand down 把传下去 hand in hand 手拉手 (2) point at，point to 和 point out 的意思都与“ 指”有关，但还是有一定区别。 point at 习惯上表示指向离说话人较近的事物，意 为“指着 ”，at 是介词，着重于指的对象。 point to 多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”，

4、to 也是介词，着重于指的方向。 point at 可分开使用， point 后直接跟名词或代词作宾语，at 表示方向，而 point to 却没有这种 用法，但它还表示“ 显示、说明”的意思。 point out 表示的是给某人指示方向，要点或错误等，意 为“指出”，out 是副词。 根据句意，用 point at，point to 或 point out 的适当形式填空。 1.The teacher is pointing at/to the map on the wall. 2. Both the hour hand and the minute hand point to twelve

5、. It was noon. 3Can you point out the man you suspect? 4. All the evidence points to his guilt. 5. They pointed their guns at her head but she was not afraid. On the point of doing sth when 正要做某事。突然 to the point 击中要害 a turning point 转折点 explain point by point 逐点解释 (3) toy with 玩弄；不 认真对待 她指责那个年轻人玩弄她的

6、感情。 She accused the young man of toying with her feelings. 那个小女孩只是把食物拨弄着玩儿，因 为她并不饿。 The little girl just toyed with her food , as she wasnt really angry. (4) on ones (the) way to doing sth. “正在做某事的过程中,即将成功,离不远了”. to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词短语. 1.他即将成为一个导演。 He is on his way to becoming a director. 2.期中考试就要临近了

7、，因此他学习更加刻苦了。 The mid-examination is on its way, so he is working harder. 我正在去上学的路上，这时我偶然遇到了我的一位朋友 On the/my way to school, when I came across a friend of mine. A. (练习 ) Ive just heard a warning _the radio that a storm may be _ its way. A. on, on B. over, in C. on, above D. from, on 复习下列短语： in the wa

8、y 防碍，挡道 by the way 顺便问问，顺便说说 in a way 在某种意义上，在某种程度上 by way of 途经 in no way 决不 all the way 一路上；至始至终 make way for 为.腾出地方；让路 make ones way to(辛苦地) 前进 2. Instead, he thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancer. concentrate /

9、focus/ fix on/upon 集中注意力在上 concentrate ones attention/energy/efforts/oneself on/upon 把集中在上 由于外面太吵， 我不能集中注意力在学习上。 I couldnt concentrate on my study because of the loud noise outside. Efforts should be concentrated on how to produce more products to meet the needs of people. 3. However, some people co

10、nsider that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life. intention (n.) 目的，打算，意图 intend (v.) 意欲，打算 intended (adj.) 打算的，计划的 with the intention of 为了，以 为目的或意图 without intention 没有目的的 intend to do sth. 想要做某事 be intended to do sth.旨在做某事 He went to Paris to

11、 learn French. He went to Paris with the intention of learning French. 对不起，我不想伤害你的感情，我只是想告诉你真相。 Sorry , I didnt intend to hurt your feeling; I just wanted to tell you the truth. 这项旨在保护环境活动正在进行中。 The campaign intended to protect environment is under way. 4. I dont want to adopt someone elses childif

12、I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby right now. adopt “收养，领养” ；“采用” Many families have to adopt children because they cannot have a baby of their own. 领养小孩 They adopted different methods to try to solve the problems. 采用不同的方法 If I had met (meet) him yesterday, I would have told(tell) him abou

13、t it. Should it rain (rain) tomorrow, the crops would be saved. 【语言点】 adopt (vt.) 收养，领养；采用，采纳（议案、意见等） After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion. (总经理再三考虑之后,决定采纳她的建议。 ) Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. (克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。) 【拓展提升】 adopt measures/ an idea 采取措施/ 采纳

14、意见 an adopted son 养子 If I had , I would have a cloned. 本句采用了虚拟语气. If 引导的虚拟语气句型总结如下： 对现在的虚拟：if 从句谓语动词使用过去式，主句谓语使用 would/should/could + 原型 对过去的虚拟：if 从句谓语使用过去完成式，主句谓语使用 would/should/could + 完成式 对将来的虚拟：if 从句谓语使用过去式/were to do/should+原型， 主句谓语使用 would/should/could + 原型 例句：If I had enough money, I would bu

15、y a house with beautiful garden. If I had followed my teachers advice, I would have passed this exam. If I were to go to London, I could have a walk in the campus of Cambridge University. 1.If my lawyer _ here last Sunday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been ; would pre

16、vent C. were; prevent D. were; would have prevented 2. .If it _ tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge. A. were raining B. should rain C. would rain D. will rain 5. While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with resea

17、rch in order to produce a cloned human baby. (1) while : conj. 1) though 尽管，虽然; 2) when/as的时候; 3)而 虽然我理解你所说的,但我不同意你的观点. Though I understand what you said, I cant agree with you 母亲在做饭我在看电视. Mother was cooking while I was watching TV. B. I do every single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does th

18、e dishes now and then. A. since B. while C. when D. as A. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, _, in fact, there were 40. A. while B. whether C. what D. which D. _English can be difficult to learn, it is a very useful tool for communication. A. Because B. As C. Once D. While (2) pus

19、h ahead with 推进，推行 这样不得人心的政策是很难推行下去的。 It is hard to push ahead with such an unpopular policy. 6. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind. (1) succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 He succeeded in turning to being a businessm

20、an. =He managed to turn to being a businessman. (2)benefit (n.) 利益，好处；(vt.)使受益 (词组) be of benefit to =be beneficial to 对有裨益 for the benefit of为了 的利益 benefit sb./sth. 有益于某人/某物 benefit from/by 从中获益 It is said Yoga is of great benefit to health. =It is said Yoga is very beneficial to health. 这种愚蠢的行为对你没

21、有好处。 （benefit sb） This foolish behaviour didnt benefit you. 许多学生都得益于这本好字典。 （benefit from/by） Many students have benefited from/by this good dictionary a lot. 7. I would like to comment on your article The perfect copy. comment (n. irregular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right. “G

22、randmother made this?” I said, surprised. My grandmother was a master at making quilts. This certainly didnt look like any of the quilts she had made. “Yes, right before she died. I brought it home with me last year and made some changes,” she said. “Im still working on it. See, this is what Ive don

23、e so far.” I looked at it more closely. She had made straight a crooked line. At the center of the quilt, she had stitched(缝) a piece of cloth with these words: “My mother made many quilts. She didn t get all lines straight. But I think this is beautiful. I want to see it finished, her last quilt.”

24、“Oh, this is so nice, Mom,” I said. It occurred to me that by completing my grandmothers quilt, my mother was honoring her own mother. I realized, too, that I held in my hands a family treasure. It started with the loving hands of one woman, and continued with the loving hands of another. B While al

25、l my classmates seem to be crazy about a one-way ticket to Mars(火星), Id rather say Mars is totally unsuitable for human existence. People wont have enough food supplies there, and the terrible environment would make it impossible for them to live a long life. Besides, the journey wont be safe. Can a

26、nybody explain to me just why people would go to Mars, never to return? Steve Minear, UK Here are the things you can think of: the desire to explore a foreign and unique environment, the excitement of being the first humans to open up a new world, the expectation of fame and gloryFor scientists ther

27、e is another reason. Their observations and research will probably lead to great scientific achievements. Paul Davies. USA 5. The main purpose of Steve Minears writing is . A. to report his classmates discussion B. to invite an answer to his question C. to explain the natural state of Mars D. to sho

28、w his agreement on going to Mars 6. Which of the following best states Donal Trollops idea? A. There is a plan to send humans to Mars. B. There are many reasons for going to Mars. C. Scientists become famous by doing research on Mars. D. It is possible to build an Earth-like environment on Mars. 参考答

29、案 一、根据句意及中文提示写出所缺单词的完全形式 1.intention 2. comment 3. anxiety 4. adopt 5. physician 6.agriculture 7. consideration 8. confirmed 9. profits 10. permission 二、译出下列短语 （一）完型填空 6.C 从该句“she stopped crying, but still looked ”可以得出答案。 7.A 从“When she came to an old man in worn-out clothes, he that he had spent al

30、l his money when he had accidentally got on a wrong bus and now he was trying to go home.”中可以看 出， “老人在向售票员解释他为什么没有钱买票。 ” 8.A 售票员一听，就要求老人下车。 “order the old man to get off the bus” 命令老人下车。 9.A 从上下文“老人没钱想坐车回家而售票员却要求他下车”, 于是老人“beg sb to do sth” 恳求干 （二）阅读理解 A CACD B BBAC 5.B 此题为写作目的的归纳。从 Can anybody expl

31、ain to me just why people would go to Mars, never to return?不难得出答案 B. 6.B 此题为归纳大意试题。从 Here are the things the desire to explore,the excitement, the expectation For scientists there is another reason. 可以得出答案为 B. 7.A 此题为细节判断。从 Paul Davies 所说的第一段中 It will happen when people finally realize that two-way

32、 trips to the red planet Mars are unnecessary.可以判断出答案为 A.不少 同学误选 C，文中相关内容 cutting the trip home would therefore reduce the danger of accidents, save a lot of money 说的是减去回程的旅程会减少危险节省钱，此句是作为一 个论据来为 A 所说的那个论点服务的。 8.C 此题为细节判断。从 Paul Davies 所说的第二段中 Mars has all the materials for a colony to produce or ma

33、ke everything it needs 可以判断出答案为 C。 Unit3Scienceand nature （2012 新译林版必修 5） 一知识复习 2 Verb-ed form 一、V-ed 分词具有形容词和副词性质，在句中可充当定语、表语、宾语补语、 状语。 1作定语 过去分词作定语，表示已经完成的被动的动作或状态,但不及物动词构成的过去 分词只表示完成，而不表示被动意义。 例如： 完成+被动： a polluted river a locked room a well-educated man 只有完成： a retired worker a fallen leaf boile

34、d water 作定语的 V-ed 分词也有前置和后置两种情况。单个过去分词作定语，常常位于 被修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常位于被修饰的名词后面，相 当于一个定语从句。 Eg. 1).You should improve your spoken(speak) English. 2).Whats the language spoken (speak) in that area? =.Whats the language which/that is spoken (speak) in that area? 3).The firemen were trying to rescue th

35、e people trapped in the fire. =The firemen were trying to rescue the people who was trapped in the fire. 4).The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. = The meeting, which was attended by one thousand students, was a success. 2作表语 作表语的 V-ed 分词大多转化成为形容词，通常用于联系动词之后（例如 be, seem, app

36、ear, look, sound ,feel, remain, stay, become, get 等） ，表示主语所处的 状态 1).Edison became interested (interest) in science when he was very young. 2).She looks very excited(excite) at the news. 3). When I was cleaning the window, my finger got cut(cut) unexpectedly. 3作宾语补足语 如果宾语与后面作宾补的动词构成被动关系，则使用 V-ed 分词作宾

37、补。可以带 V-ed 分词作宾补的词有：with, see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel, sense, find, leave, keep, get, have, make. 1).I had my money stolen(steal) on the bus. 2).As he knows little English, he finds it difficult to make himself understood (understand). 3).In the morning, people woke u

38、p and found the world outside their houses completely changed(change). 4作状语 作状语的 V-ed 分词与主句之间常有逗号隔开,在句中可表示时间,原因,条件,让步,伴 随等情况,并可转化为相应的状语从句。作状语的 V-ed 和主句的主语常有被动 关系。 1) 时间状语 Seen from space, the earth looks blue. = When the earth is seen from space, it looks blue. Asked what had happened, he lowered hi

39、s head. = When he was asked what had happened, he lowered his head. 2) 原因状语 Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. =As he was born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. Because they were moved by the story, they decided to help her. =Moved by the story, they d

40、ecided to help her. 3)条件状语 Given more time, we are sure to finish it. =If we are given more time, we are sure to finish it. Compared with other professors, she is an excellent speaker. =. 4)让步状语 Laughed at by everybody, he had my sympathy. =Though he was laughed at by everybody, he had my sympathy.

41、Even though he was defeated by his opponent, he still is a hero in my heart. =Defeated by his opponent, he still is a hero in my heart. 5)伴随状语 The boy sat at the table buried in his homework. = The boy sat at the table and he was buried in his homework. The girl lay in bed lost in thought. = The gir

42、l lay in bed and she was lost in thought. I will spend the night locked(lock) in your room. She left the restaurant, disappointed (disappoint) with the bad service. 二、转化为形容词的 V-ed 有一些过去分词已转化为形容词,失去被动意义,仅表状态。如:hidden, dressed, lost, seated, determined, absorbed, injured, based, surprised, satisfied,

43、bored, tired e.g What made you so frightened? The dog, bored with the game, will not play any more. = The dog, which is bored with the game, will not play any more. Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. =As he was much interested, he agreed to give it a try. Seated in the car, the President w

44、aved to the crowd. = While he was seated in the car, the President waved to the crowd. 三、连词+V-ed 过去分词有时和连词(when, while, whenever, until, if, unless, once, though, although，even though/if)一起用，相当于状语从句的紧缩式。 （注意：before/after 后不直接跟 V-ed 分词，而用 before/afterbeing done,因为 此时分词前的 before/ after 是介词。 ） If accep

45、ted(accept) for this post, you will be informed by May 1st. Unless changed (change), this law will make life difficult for farmers. I will not give up my plan even if told(tell) to. These machines must be checked before being used(use). 四、to be done, being done, done, having been done 作定语的区别： 以上四种形式

46、都表示被动，都可作定语。to be done 表示即将被;being done 表示正在被;done 表示被做过了;having been done 作非限制性定语，和被修 饰词用逗号隔开,强调在谓语动词的动作之前完成。 The question to be discussed(discuss) tomorrow involves pollution. The question discussed (discuss) yesterday involves pollution. The question being discussed (discuss) now involves polluti

47、on. The question, having been discussed (discuss) for years, involves pollution. 五、done, having been done 作状语的区别： being done 一般在句中不作状语,而用 done 代替之。having been done 强调动作 在谓语动作之前完成,或已经持续一段时间的动作,常用作时间和原因状语,done 则不强调时间先后和持续一段时间。 Led (lead) by the local guide, we went further into the forest. Having been

48、 taken(take) good care of for half a year, the patient became far better. Having been translated (translate) into many languages, the novel is well-known throughout the world. 二重点归纳 1. Not everything that is best for nature is good for people. 句中 that 引导定语从句，修饰 everything。 否定词 not 出现在含有 all, both, e

49、verything, everyone 以及 every+名词的句中表 示部分否定，not 可位于这些词的前面，也可以位于他们后面。 e.g. Not both of them have read this book.=Both of them havent read this book. All bamboo doesnt grow well. =Not all bamboo grows well. Not everything that is best for nature is good for people. = Everything that is best for nature is not good for people