2015秋牛津上海版英语九上Uint 1《Wise men in history》word单元语法详解.doc

1、Unit 1 Wise men in history(2) Date:_ name:_ 【语法专项】 1、反意疑问句 (一) 含义及构成： 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，它表示提问的人对陈述的事实没 有把握，需要对方证实反意疑问句由两部分构成：前一部分是一个 陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句。前后两部分在人称、数、 时态等方面必须保持一致，如： She often has lunch at school, doesnt she? You dont like sports, do you? (二) 使用反意疑问句时要遵循以下三条原则： 1、 “前肯后否”或“前否后肯” ，如： They are v

2、ery late for the meeting, arent they? You cant do it, can you? 2、前后两句主语保持一致，如： 3、前后两句时态保持一致，问句部分的助动词要由陈述句部分的谓 语动词决定，如： They will go to town soon, wont they?（不能用 dont they?或 arent they?） He works very hard, doesnt he?（不能用 didnt he?或 wont he?） (三) 反意疑问句的答语： 回答遵循一个原则，那就是不管怎么提问，只要事实是肯定的， 就用“Yes，肯定回答” ；只

3、要事实是否定的，就用“No ，否定回答” 。但在前否后肯的反意疑问句中，其答语与汉语翻译不同，Yes 要 翻译成“不” ，No 要翻译成“是” 。 You will never forget him, will you? 你永远不会忘记他，是吗 ? Yes，I will. 不，我会忘记。 No，I wont. 是的，我不会忘记。 (4)反意疑问句的特殊用法： 1、反意疑问句的陈述部分为 I am时，问句部分习惯上用 arent I？表示。如： I am a very honest man, arent I? 2、陈述部分的主语为 somebody(someone), anybody(anyon

4、e), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)等表示人的复合不定代词时，问句部分的主语用 he 或 they，这时问句动词的数应和 he 或 they 一致。如： Someone has taken the seat, hasnt he/ havent they? 3、陈述部分的主语为 something, anything, nothing, everything 等表示 物的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用 it。如： Something is wrong with the computer, isnt it? 4、当陈述部分的主语是指示代词 this，that

5、 或 these，those 时，附加 疑问句的主语分别用 it 或 they，例如： This/That is a plane, isnt it? 这是一架飞机，是吗？ These/Those are grapes, arent they? 这些是葡萄，是吗？ 5、陈述部分为 There (Here) + be + 主语时，问句部分用动词 +there(here)?如： There are two cakes on the plate, arent there? Here is a story about Mark Twain, isnt here? 6、陈述部分带有 little, few

6、, never, hardly, seldom 等表示否定意义的 词时，问句部分用肯定形式。如： She never tells a lie, does she?（不用 doesnt she?） 7、如果陈述部分含有由 un-, im-, in-, dis-等否定意义的前缀或后缀时， 陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分仍然用否定形式。如： Your father is unhappy, isnt he?（不能用 is he?） 8、当陈述部分含有情态动词 must 时，视情况而定。 (1)当 must 作“一定要；必须”讲，反意疑问句须用 mustnt 或 neednt； He must wor

7、k hard at physics, mustnt he? (2)当 must 表示推测时，问句部分需根据 must 后的动词形式决定。 如： Tom must be at home, isnt he? You must have got up late this morning, didnt you? You must have made a mistake, havent you? 9、陈述部分含 used to 时，问句部分用 didnt 或 usednt He used to live in the country, didnt he?/usednt he? 10、陈述部分含 had

8、better 时，问句部分用 hadnt +主语？ Youd better tell him about the matter, hadnt you? 11、当陈述部分为含有宾语从句的复合句时 (1)若陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that 从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分主句的动词和主语 保持一致。如： They all think that English is very important, dont they? （不用 isnt it?） He didnt think that the news was tru

9、e, did he? （不用 wasnt/ was it?） (2)若陈述部分为 I(We) dont think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that 从 句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与 that 从句保持 一致且用肯定式。如： I dont think that you can do it, can you? （不用 do I?） We dont believe that the news is true, is it? （不用 do we?） 12、若陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked) + that 从句

10、时， 问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分主句的动词和主语保持一致。如： They said that you had finished your work, didnt they? （不用 hadnt you） Kate told you that she would go there, didnt she? （不用 wouldnt she?） 13、当陈述部分为祈使句时 (1)不管是肯定还是否定，问句一般用“will you?”，陈述部分是肯定 祈使句时，问句部分一般用 will you 形式表示请求，用 wont you 形 式表示委婉请求或邀请；陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分一般 用 wi

11、ll you?如： Please open the window, will you?(wont you?) Dont make any noise, will you? (2)陈述部分为 Let us时，问句部分习惯上用 will you? 陈述部分 为 Lets时，问句部分习惯上用 shall we?如： Let us stop to rest, will you? Lets go home together, shall we? (3)陈述部分为 Let me时，问句部分习惯上用 shall I? 或 will you?形 式。如： Let me have a try, shall I?

12、(will you?) 二、句子种类 句子种类结构图 ： 肯定句 eg: I like going hiking. 陈述句 （陈述一件事） 否定句 eg: I cant swim. 一般疑问句: 以 be 动词、情态动词、助动词 do/does/did 开头 特殊疑问句：以 what/how/why/when/where/which. 等开头 疑问句 选择疑问句( .or ) ：提供选择供对方选 句子 （发问） 反意疑问句：“陈述部分+反问部分？” do 型：动原开头 Take a seat, please. 肯定祈使句 Let 型：let 开头 Lets go ！ 祈使句 Dont 型: D

13、ont 开头 Dont leave me alone. （表请求、命令等） 否定祈使句 No 型：No 开头 No kidding ! 名词单数：What a bad man he is ! 感叹名词用 what 不可数名词：What great fun we had ! 名词复数：What nice cars they are! 感叹句 形容词：How beautiful she is! 感叹形副动用 how 副词：How beautifully she dances. 【即学即练】 1. We do morning exercises in the morning, _? A. do we

14、 B. did we C. didnt we D. dont we 2. She doesnt care for a car, _? A. is she B. does she C. doesnt she D. did she 3. She has a brother, _? A. doesnt she B. has she C. dont she D. does she 4. She will have lunch at school, _? A. doesnt she B. wont she C. is she D. will she 5. He was late for school t

15、hat morning, _? A. wasnt he B. was he C. did he D. didnt he 6. His sister had a bad cough, _ she? A. wasnt B. doesnt C. hadnt D. didnt 7. Nobody says a word about the incident, _? A. is he B. doesnt he C. do they D. dont they 8. Nothing he did was right, _? A. did he B. was it C. didnt it D. was he

16、9. There is not much news in todays paper, _? A. isnt it B. are there C. is there D. arent there 10. You never told me why you were late for the class, _? A. werent you B. didnt you C. had you D. did you 11. He must be in the library now, _? A. doesnt he B. mustnt he C. neednt he D. isnt he 12. She

17、must have arrived there yesterday, _? A. have she B. must she C. didnt she D. mustnt she 13. There used to be a church behind the cemetery, _? A. didnt there B. used there C. usednt it D. didnt it 14. My sister often needs help with her study, _? A. need she B. neednt she C. does she D. doesnt she 1

18、5. They dare not call you a fool, _? A. would they B. dared they C. dares they D. dare they 16. What a lovely day, _? A. doesnt it B. isnt it C. didnt it D. hasnt it 17. Let me do it, _? A. shall I B. shall we C. will you D. will I 18. He dislikes the two subjects, _ he? A. does B. doesnt C. is D. i

19、snt 19. Lets go there by bus, _? A. will you B. shall we C. dont you D. will you 20. Let us go to play football, _? A. will you B. shall we C. do we D. are we 21. Dont forget to give Polly some food and change her water, _? A. will you B. shall we C. wont you D. do you 22. Pass me the dictionary, _?

20、 Yes, with pleasure. A. would you B. will you C. wont you D. wouldnt you 23. I dont believe you are right, _ ? A. are you B. do you C. wont you D. do 24. She doesnt think that Tom sings best in the class, _? A. does she B. doesnt she C. does he D. doesnt he 25. I know you didnt want to hurt me, _? A. did you B. didnt you C. do I D. dont I