2016春牛津深圳版英语八下Unit 1《Helping those in need》word重点内容汇编.doc

1、Unit 1 Helping those in need 一、知识导航： 必记单词 1. raise v. 筹集 raise money=collect money v. 增加，提高 raise ones voice 提高某人的声 音 raise price 提高价格 V. 举起；抬起 raise your hand 举手 2. permission=agreement n. 准许，批 准 permit v. 许可，准许，默许 permit/allow doing; permit sb to do sth.=allow sb. to do sth 3. disabled adj. 丧失能力的；

2、有残疾的 enable v. 使能够 enable sb. To do sth. 使（某人）能 够做某事 mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍 4. offer v. 主动提出 offer to do 5. suffer v. （因疾病等）受苦，受折磨 suffer from 因.受苦，受折磨 6. organize v. 组织，筹备 organization n.组织；机构；团体 organizer n. 组织者 7. express v. 表达，表露 expression n. 表情; 表达，表示 8. lonely adj.

3、 孤独的，寂寞的 9. difficulty n. 困难，费劲 have difficulty (in) doing sth. in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难 difficult adj. 困难的 10. joy n. 愉快，喜悦 to ones joy 令人高兴的是，使某人高兴的是 enjoy v. 享有，享受;欣赏;喜欢; 使过得快活 enjoyable adj. 愉快的 joyful adj. 快乐的，高兴的; 令人开心的，使人喜悦的 11. courage n. 勇气；勇敢 encourage v. 鼓励 encourage sb. to do sth.

4、 鼓励某人做某事 encouragement n. 鼓励，激励 12. pay off 偿清（债务） ；支付 （债务）的全部数额 pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 去参观，拜访 pay for 为付 款 13. teenager n. 青少年 serious adj. 严重的 illness n. （某种）病 ill adj. 生病的； 坏的；fall ill 病倒了; feel ill 感觉不舒服; speak ill of sb. 说某人的短处 pain n. 痛苦，苦恼 lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 friendship n. 友谊 peac

5、e n. 平静；宁静 peaceful adj. 和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的 hurt v. (使）疼痛，受伤 spirits n. 情绪， 心情 community n. 社区 常考短语 1. ask permission 报请批准 2. voluntary work 义务性工作 volunteer n. 志愿者 voluntary adj. 自愿的；自发的；无偿的 3. in need 需要帮助的 4. suffer from 因.受苦，受折磨 5. raise ones spirits 使振奋；使鼓起勇气 6. in order to 目的在于，为了 7. give sb. a

6、hand = help sb. 帮助某人 8. take photos of 给.拍照 9. in the future 在将来 10. be afraid of 害怕 11. so that 为的是，以便 12. in hospital 生病住院 13. take part in 参加 14. millions of 数百万 的 15. because of 因为 16. since then 从那时起 17. close to 靠近 知 识 目 标 经典句型 1. Cindy is in hospital because she suffered from serious illnesse

7、s. 2. They have difficulty walking or moving. 3. Would you like to take part in the competition? 4. Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and very lonely. 重点语法 动词不定式 教学策略 1. 在教学中以学生为主导，通过学生自己的回忆复习发现其存在的薄弱环节，教师进行针对性的讲 解 2. 歌诀助记: 接动词不定式作宾语的动词 3. 歌诀助记：need 的用法和不定代词的用法 知识技能目标 1. 熟练掌握 Un

8、it 1 重点单词，短语，句型 2. 掌握动词不定式用法 二、要点全解： 1. raise (v) 筹募 （钱） ；增加，提高；举起；提出； 养育(raise = keep 有“饲养，抚养” 的意思) 第三人称单数：raises 过去式：raised 过去分词：raised 现在分词：raising 1. We raised some money for the Project of Hope. 2. If you answer the teachers questions, you must raise your hand. 3. The book raises many important

9、 questions. 4. The local government raised the price of house. 5. They were both raised in a poor family. 搭配：raise ones voice 提高嗓门；raise a family 养家糊口；raise money 筹款； raise price 提高价格； raise ones spirits 打起精神； raise cattle = keep cattle（饲养牲口） ；raise children（抚养孩子） 辨析：raise, rise(rise-rose-risen)的区别:

10、 (1) 这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。 raise 是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而 rise 是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。 例如：The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起，普照大地。 (2) raise 和 rise 用于同一事物时含义不同, raise 是人为增加或提高，而 rise 是自然增加或 提高。 例如：The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。 （政府或厂家 主动行动） The price of TV sets has risen recentl

11、y. 最近电视机提价了。 （市场调节） 2. permission (n.) 允许 = agreement 准许；批准 例如：Without permission, you mustnt enter the teachers office. 同根词：permit v. 许可，准许；默许 permit - permitted - permitted permit sb. to do sth. = allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事 例如: The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder. 辨析：perm

12、it, allow, let 的区别： permit / allow doing sth. 允许做某事 permit / allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 allow 与 permit 在很多情况下意义是相同的,可换用。但 allow 侧重听任或默许，即 不加阻止，语气较轻； permit 通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许，指给予做某事的权利，如通过法令 和正式条文“允许”做某事，语气较重； let 指允许某人做某事，含有不加限制之意，多用于口语中，后面接不带 to 的动词 不定式作宾语补足语。 3. I helped s

13、ick children. sick adj. 生病的 a sick man/the sick 病人 【辨析】sick and ill： sick adj. (1)作表语，生病的，恶心的 His wife was sick in bed with a cold. (2)作定语，生病的 Jack is looking after his sick mother. ill adj. (1)作表语，生病的 He has been ill for about a month. (2)作定语，坏的 The ill boy loves playing tricks on his elder brother

14、. 4. I taught disabled children to sing. disabled 英 dsebld adj.残废的；有缺陷的用作形容词 (adj.) 同根词：disable v. = make (sb.) unable to do sth. 使无能力；使残废，使伤残 enable v. = make (sb.) able to do sth. 使（某人）能够做某事 teach sb. to do. sth. 教某人做某事 invite sb to do sth（邀请某人做事）, persuade sb to do sth（成功劝说某人做某事）, teach sb to do

15、sth（教某人做某事）, tell sb to do sth（告诉某人做某事）, want sb to do sth（想要 某人做某事）, wish sb to do sth（希望某人做某事） 5. Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays. offer to do sth. （主动）提出做某事 Tom offered to drive us to the bus station. offer sth. 提出某事 He offered a good plan for our holi

16、day. offer sb. Sth./offer sth. to sb. （主动）给某人提供某物 We should offer others our help. （1）辨析：provide, offer 的区别： provide 用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某 种责任，强调提供必须用 的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于 provide sb. with sth. 或 provide sth. for sb. 的固定 搭配中。 offer 表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于 offer sb. sth.或 offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。 例如：

17、offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。 （2）辨析：during, in 与 for during 用于某事是在某一段时间之内发生 时，强调动作或状态的持续性 During those three months he asked a lot of questions. in 一般情况下可与 “during”互换，但 表示某一动作发生在某一时间段内 时，宜用 in We usually take a holiday in July. for 用于某事持续多久时 Tom was in school for only three mon

18、ths. 6. The children there all suffer from serious illnesses. suffer(名词）suffering suffer from sth. 因某事受苦、受折磨，其后常接表示疾病、痛苦、寒冷、饥饿悲伤等的 词语 Many teenagers are suffering from the computer games. suffer (vt.) 和 suffer from 的区别：suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等，但 suffer from 指长 期的或习惯性的痛苦或困难。 suffer ： 1. 感到疼痛、痛苦 He died ver

19、y quickly, he didnt suffer much. 他死得很快,没有 多少痛苦. 2. 承受,遭受 You must be prepared to suffer consequences. 你要准备承担后 果. suffer from： 1. 患有（疾病等） She suffers from headache. 她患头痛病 2. 为 .所苦 ,因 .而吃苦头 Im suffering from a real lack of time this week. 我 这周为时间不够用而苦。 suffer the result /heavy losses /injuries 承受结果/ 遭

20、受大损失 /负伤 suffer from headache/illness 遭受头痛/疾病的困扰 7. We taught them to tell stories. tell v. 讲述，告诉 tell stories 讲故事 【辨析】tell, talk, speak, say： Tell, 告诉，讲述 表示把某件事或某条信息传达给别人，也可以表示“讲故事”， “说谎话” （tell a lie) Talk, 交谈，谈话 talk to/with sb. 与某人交谈 talk about 谈论 Speak，说，发言 常用来指说某种语言，也可以指发言等 speak English Say,

21、说， 强调说的内容 Eg: (1) He likes to tell jokes. (2) The teacher talked to him just now. (3) He can speak Japanese and Chinese. (4) Can you say it in English? 8. help them express their feeling: 帮助他们表达感受 Help sb do (to do) sth: 帮助某人做某事 E.g.：I always help my mother clean the house on Sundays. express v. 表达；

22、表露。同根词：expression n. 表现，表示，表达；表情 E.g.：This helps them express their feelings. 这有助于他们表达他们的情感。 She gave expression to her sadness. 她流露出了悲伤之情。 9. We spend time with a girl called Vivien. spend v. 度过，消磨 spend time with sb: 和某人一起 , 与某人度过时光； 花费时间和某人在一起； spend time / money in doing sth: 花费时间/金钱做某事 spend ti

23、me / money on sth: 花费时间/金钱在某事上 【拓展】四花费（spend, pay, cost, take）的用法： 人+spend (spent) + 时间/金钱+ on sth./ (in) doing sth. 人+pay(paid) +钱+for+物 物+cost (cost) +sb. +金钱 It takes (took) sb. some time to do sth. E.g.：I spent 200 yuan on the bag.= I paid 200 yuan for the bag.= I bought the bag for 200 yuan. 跟踪

24、练习 1. They spend too much time the report. A. writing B. to write C. on writing D. write 2. -Will you please for my dinner Peter? -Sure! A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take 3. It will me too much time to read this book. A. take B. cost C. spend D. pay 4. This science book _ me a great amount of money. A

25、. took B. cost C. used D. spent 5. -The T-shirt looks nice on you! How much does it _? -I just _ ten dollars for it. A. take; afforded B. cost; paid C. cost; spent D. costs; spend 10. Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and very lonely. (1) die v. 死 dying，现在分词 dead adj. 死去的 the de

26、ad 死人 death n. 死亡 (2) unhappy adj. 伤心的，不快乐的 【拓展】构词法讲解：前缀 1）大多数形容词加 un- 构成反义词 (un)able, (un)friendly 2）以 c 或者 e 开头的形容词通常加 in- 构成形容词 (in)correct, (in)expensive 3）以 p 开头的形容词通常加 im- 构成形容词 (im)polite, (im)possible 4）以 r 开头的形容词通常加 ir- 构成形容词 (ir)regular 5）有些形容词加 dis- 构成反义词 (dis)honest (3) lonely adj. 孤独的，寂

27、寞的 He led a lonely life with few friends. 【辨析】lonely，alone 的用法区别： 【一言辨异】 I was travelling alone in the lonely mountain. I didnt feel lonely though I was alone. 表语 孤独的；寂寞的 lonely 形容词 定语 偏僻的；荒凉的 形容词 表语 孤单的；孤独的 alone 副词 状语 单独地；独自地 跟踪练习： Though his grandparent lives_, he never feel _. A. alone; alone B.

28、 alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. lonely; alone 11. She needs friendship. need: 此处为实义动词，意为“需要” 。后面可接名词、代词或动词不定式。 E.g.: They dont need any help. / He needs to have a good rest. 【注意】need 后接动词-ing 形式时表示被动意义。 The flowers need watering. 【拓展】need 作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，主要用于否定句和 疑问句中。 You neednt become

29、very nervous. - Must I bring my homework now? No, you neednt. You can bring it tomorrow. Need 的用法总结 实义动词表“需要” ，后接名、代、不定式。 Need 后接动名词，主动形式表被动。 情态动词表“需要” ，没有时态、数、人称。其后直接跟动词，用于疑问和否定。 12. My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien. Continue vt. continue to do/continue doing 继续做某事 They continued to re

30、ad/reading the book. vi. 继续，连续，延伸 The snow continued for two days. continue with sth. 使某事物继续存在或不断发生 You can continue with your work. 13. They have difficulty walking or moving. have difficulty (in) doing/have difficulty with sth. I have difficulty in (solving) the problem. 【拓展】have trouble (in) doin

31、g 做某事有麻烦; have problems (in) doing 做某事有问题; have fun (in) doing 做某事有乐趣 跟踪练习 I have great trouble in _(finish) the work by myself. Could you help me? 14. I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace. bring: 及物动词，意为“带来” 。 【辨析】bring, take, get, carry bring 从某处将某人或某物“带来” ，后面 常接双宾语 来 R

32、emember to bring me the pictures. take 将某人或某物从说话人处“带到” 另一处 去 I wont take you there. get 去某处将某人或某物“带到”说话 人处 去 来 Please get some paper for me. carry 强调“负重”或“搬运” 无 He carried a baby on his back. 跟踪练习 Please _ the book to Mr. Black when you go to see him, OK? A. take B. bring C. get D. carry 15. We need

33、 to help children like Tim and raise their spirits. like 介词，像 Teenagers want to be famous like Liu Xiang. look like 看起来像; sound like 听起来像; feel like doing 想做某事 动词，喜欢 like doing/like to do 16. I will continue to do voluntary work in the future. in the future 在将来 in future=from now on 从今以后 17. in good

34、 health 身体健康 healthy adj. 18. A person with courage is usually not afraid of something dangerous or difficult. （1）courage n. 勇气；勇敢 He showed great courage and determination. 他表现 得十分勇敢和果断。 同根词：encourage v. 鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动 My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud. 我的英语老师 常常鼓励我们大声读英语

35、。 （2）be afraid of: 害怕。 。 。 19. make friends with sb. 和.交朋友；exchange seats 交换座位; shake hands with. 与.握手; take turns to do 轮流做某事 20. He used to love sports until he hurt his legs in an a accident. (1) Until 直到. 的时候，直到.为止，一般可与 “till”替换（ notuntil：直到。 。 。才） We walked until it got dark. The supermarket is

36、 open until at 9 . The little girl didnt stop crying until she saw her mother. (2) hurt v. = injure 使疼痛；受伤 Tim hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. 提姆在一次事故中伤了腿， 但他很勇敢。 同根词：hurt adj. 受伤的；痛苦的；（受）损坏的 They did not seem to be badly hurt. 他们看起来没有受重伤。 搭配：hurt oneself 受伤 Have you hurt y

37、ourself? 你伤着自己了吗？ 跟踪练习 Tigers wait _ it is dark, and then go out to find their food. A. since B. until C. as D. because 21. Thanks for your help. Thanks / Thank you for doing/sth. 22. I am thinking about playing tennis. think about 考虑，想; think of 想，想起，认为; think over 认真考虑， 仔细考虑 E.g.: He is thinking a

38、bout a problem. The old picture made me think of my childhood./What do you think of the book? Think over the question before you answer it./ Let me think it over. 23. be able to do 不能做某事 / be unable to do 能够做某事 24. Eight-three per cent/percent of them were girls. E.g.: Thirty per cent of students in

39、 our class take buses to school. In China, seventy percent of drinking water is from groundwater. 25. Because of this, the CCTF launched the Spring Bud Projects to help them. Because of 由于，因为 【辨析】because of， because Because of + 名词、代词、动名词 He didnt pass the exam because of his carelessness. = Because

40、 + 句子 He didnt pass the exam because he was careless. 26. Since then, the project has helped millions of girls return to school. Return， 回来；返回 (1) since then, 从那时起，常用于现在完成时 (2) return to 回到.; return from.从.回来; (3) return=giveback I borrowed a book from the school library, I havent returned it yet. 2

41、7. Now I work as a teacher at a Spring Bud school here in Guangxi. as 介词，作为 as 介词，作为，He came to China as a tourist five years ago. 副词，同样地，通常用于 as.as 句型中， He is as old as me. 连词，像.一样，按照，如同；当时 Do as I do. I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 28. interview sb. 采访某人；have an interview with sb. 采访某人，和

42、某人交谈 三、语法专项：动词不定式的用法。 1. 基本结构：to + 动词原形（有时可省略 to） not to + 动词原形（否定形式） 2. 可在句子中充当成分：主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 3. 主要用法归纳： （1）作宾语：常作及物动词的宾语。常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, wish, hope, manage, pretend, decide, learn, agree, expect, demand, long, ask, care, choose, dare, fail, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, de

43、sire, happen, appear, intend, like 等。 接动词不定式作宾语的动词 想要拒绝莫忘记(want, refuse, forget) 需要努力就学习(need, try, learn) 喜欢同意加帮助(like, agree, help) 希望决定后开始 (hope, decide, begin, start) 【拓展】 A. 当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常用 it 作形式宾语，而 把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后。 I find it difficult to learn Japanese well. B. 当两个或两个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往

44、往省略 to. He began to read and write after dinner. （2）作宾语补足语：动词不定式做作宾语补足语，放在宾语后面，表示宾语时什么或怎么 样。常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, like, love, hate, would like, order, teach, want, wish, advise 等。 ask sb to do sth 让某人做某事 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 want sb t

45、o do sth 想要某人做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 【拓展】 动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去 to，在被动语态中 应加上 to。 I saw Li Lei fall down from his bike. / The boss made the workers work over ten hours a day in the past. 这些动词可归纳为:“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)(即

46、在动词 help 后面作 宾语补足语时，to 可有可无)” 。 记忆口诀：“感使动词真奇怪，to 在句中像妖怪，主动句中 to 离开，被 动句中 to 回来。 ” （3）作目的状语：动词不定式表目的时，可放在句子的前面，也可放在句子的末尾。但在 句子前面时，动词不定式常用逗号与句子隔开，而在句子末尾时一般不 用逗号隔开。 To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning. He goes there to enjoy the fresh air. 【拓展】为了强调目的，有时可以在不定式前加 in order 或 so as。 In

47、order to get there on time, we set out at five in the morning. 常用结构：too + adj./adv. + to do sth.：太。 。 。而不能。 The child is too young to go to school. （4）疑问词+动词不定式：疑问代词 who, what, which 等和疑问副词 when, where, how 等 后面跟不定式，构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、 宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。 1. Where to go is still a question. 到哪里去还是个问题

48、。 （作主语） 2. I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。 （作动词 know 的宾语） 3. The question is how to learn English well. 问题是怎样学好英语。 （作表语） 【拓展】 “疑问词+动词不定式（短语） ”作宾语时，相当于一个宾语从句。 I dont know what to do next time. = I dont know what I should do next time. Li Ping doesnt know why to learn English. = Li Ping doesnt know why he should learn English. Which to choose is important. = Which we should choose is important. The question is where to go. = The question is where we should go. （5）固定句式中动词