解剖学词汇.doc

1、人体解剖学英汉名词对照 一、总论 1解剖学分类 (Classification of Anatomy) anatomy 解剖学 * human anatomy, anthropotomy 人类解剖学 systematic anatomy 系统解剖学 regional (topographic) anatomy, topology 局部解剖学 gross (macroscopic) anatomy 大体解剖学，巨视解剖学 microscopic anatomy 显微解剖学 macro-microscopic anatomy 巨-微解剖学 sectional anatomy 断面解剖学 patho

2、logical (morbid) anatomy 病理解剖学 neuroanatomy 神经解剖学 chemical neuroanatomy 化学解剖学 developmental anatomy 发生 (或发育) histologic anatomy 组织解剖学 histology 组织学 embryology 胚胎学 anthropology 人类学 2一般解剖学术语 (General Anatomical Terms) dissection，dissect (v.) 解剖，解剖标本 normality， normal (a.) 正常 abnormality , abnormal 异常

3、variation 变异 deformity, malformation 畸形 specimen 标本 model 模型 3. 方位术语 (Positional Terms) anatomical position 解剖学姿势 (1) 方位的形容词(positional adjectives) inferior, lower 下 superior, upper 上 anterior 前侧 posterior 后侧 ventral (dorsal) 腹(背)侧 medial (lateral) 内( 外)侧 intermediate 中间 internal, interior, inner, i

4、nside 内 external, exterior, outer, outside 外 superficial 浅 deep, profound 深 proximal (distal) 近( 远)侧 ulnar (radial) 尺( 桡)侧 tibial (fibular) 胫( 腓)侧 palmar 掌侧 plantar 足底 left 左 right 右 middle 中 median 正中 (2) 轴和面(Axes and Planes) axis (pl. axes),axial (a.) 轴 vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinal

5、axis 垂直轴, 纵轴 coronal (frontal) axis 冠(额) 状轴 sagittal axis 矢状轴 plane (平)面 horizontal (transverse) plane 水平面, 横平面 coronal (frontal) plane 冠( 额)状面 sagittal plane 矢状面 median sagittal plane 正中矢状面 transverse section 横切面 longitudinal section 纵切面 4. 人体的分部和分区 (Toponym and Zonation of the Human body) 头 (Head)

6、 heat 头 (的) Skull，craniun，cranial (a.) 颅 front, frontal, region 额区 perietal region 顶区 occiput, occipital region 枕区 Face, facial (a.) 面 orbit, orbital region 眶区 nose, nasal region 鼻区 mouth, oral region 口区 chin, mental region 颌区 ear, auditory region 耳区 颈 (Neck) neck, collum, cervical & jugular (a.) 颈

7、anterior region of neck, anterior of neck 颈前区 carotid triangle 颈动脉三角 muscular triangle 肌三角 ,肩胛舌骨肌气管三角 sternocleidomastoid region 胸锁乳突肌区 supraclavicular triangle 锁骨上三角 posterior region of neck, nuchal region 颈后区,项区 nape, nucha, nuchal (a.) 项 root of neck 颈根部 躯干 (Trunk) trunk, truncus 躯干 Median anteri

8、or line 前正中线 sternal line 胸骨线 parasternal line 胸骨旁线 midclavicular line 锁骨中线 anterior (posterior) axillary line 腋前(后) 线 midaxillary line 腋中线 scapular line 肩胛线 median posterior line 后正中线 Back, dorsal 背 vertebral region 脊柱区 sacral region 骶区 scapular region 肩胛下区 lumbar region 腰 Chest, thorax, thoracic (

9、a.) 胸 sternal region 胸骨(前) 区 infraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝 Abdomen, abdominal (a.) 腹 Hypochondriac 季肋区 epigastric region 腹上区 lateral region of abdomem 腹外侧区 umbilical region 脐区 inguinal region, iliac region, 腹股沟区， 髂区 inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角，海氏三角 pubic region, hypogastric region 耻区，腹下区 Pelvis,pelvic(a. )

10、 盆部 Perineum,perineal (a.) 会阴 anal region 肛区 urogenital region 尿生殖区 四肢 (Limbs) limbs, extremities 四肢 Upper limbs (extremities) 上肢 Shoulder 肩 axilla, axillary region 腋区 Free upper limb 自由上肢 arm,brachial (a.) 臂 anterior (posterior ) brachial region 臂前(后) 区 elbow, cubital, (a.) 肘 forearm, antebrachial

11、(a.) 前臂 anterior (posterior ) antebrachial region 前 臂前(后) 区 hand, manual (a.) 手 wrist, carpal (a.) 腕 palm, palmar, metacarpal (a.) 掌 back (palm) of hand 手背(掌) finger, digital (a.) 手指 thumb 拇指 index finger 示指 middle finger 中指 ring finger 环指 little finger 小指 Lower limb 下肢 hip, coxal (a.) 髋 buttock, gl

12、uteal region 臀区 Free lower limb 自由下肢 anterior (posterior) region of thigh 股前 (后) 区 femoral triangle 股三角 medial region of thigh 股内侧区 knee, geniculate (a.) 膝 anterior (posterior) region of knee 膝前 (后)区 leg, crural (a.) 小腿 anterior (posterior) crural region 小腿前后) 区 foot, pedal (a.) 足 dorsum of foot 足背

13、sole, planta (pl. plantae) 足底 toes 足趾 great toe 足母趾 人体解剖学词汇 骨学 osteology 骨学 * bone，bony 骨 skeleton，skletal (a.) 骨骼 long (short，flat) bone 长( 短，扁)骨 irregular bone 不规则骨 pneumatic bone 含气骨 sesamoid bone 籽骨， shaft，diaphysis 骨干，骨体 bony(osseous)substance 骨质 compact(spongy)bone 骨密( 松)质 trabeculae 骨小梁 perio

14、steum (外)膜 endosteum 骨内膜 medullary 髓腔 red(yellow)bone marrow 红(黄)骨髓 中轴骨骼(Axial Skeleton) 躯干骨(Bones of Trunk) * Vertebral(spinel)column 脊柱 * vertebral canal 椎管 intervertebral foramen 椎间孔 cervical (thoracic, lumbar, sacral) curvature 颈(胸，腰，骶)曲 vertebra ( pl. vertebrae) 椎骨 vertebral body (arch) 椎体( 弓)

15、pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根 lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板 vertebral foramen 椎孔 spinous process 棘突 transverse process 横突 superior (inferior) articular process 上( 下) 关节突 cervical vertebrae 颈椎 atlas 寰椎 axis 枢椎 prominent vertebrae 隆椎 thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 sacrum,sacral bone 骶骨 coccy

16、x 尾骨 thoracic cavity 胸腔 superior (inferior) aperture of thorax 胸廓上下口 costal arch 肋弓 intercostals space 肋间隙 infrasternal angle 胸骨下角 * ribs ,costa(costae) 肋 * sternum 胸骨 Sternal manubrium 胸骨柄 Sternal angle (body) 胸骨角(体) Xiphoid process 剑突 颅骨(skull) cerebral cranium 脑颅 cranial cavity 颅腔 calvaria 颅盖 pte

17、rion 翼点 jugular foramen 颈静脉孔 internal surface of base of skull 颅底内面 anterior (middle,posterior) cranial fossa 颅前中，后)窝 facial cranium 面颅 orbit 眶 bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔 piriform aperture,anterior nasal aperture 梨 状孔，鼻前孔 posterior nasal aperture 鼻后孔 bony septum of nose 骨鼻中隔 superior (middle, inferior)

18、meatus of nose 上( 中,下)鼻道 temporal fossa 颞窝 zugomatic arch 颧弓 infratemporal fossa 颞下窝 pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝 cranial fontaelles 颅囟 anterior (posterior) fontanelle 前(后) 囟 anterolateral (posterolateral) fontanelle 前 (后) 外侧囟 cranial bones 脑颅骨 occipital bone 枕骨 large foramen of occipital bone 枕骨大孔 ext

19、ernal occipital protuberance 枕外隆凸 superior (inferior) nuchal line 上( 下)项线 sulcus for transverse sinus, transversesulcus 横窦沟 sphenoid bone 蝶骨 hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝 optic canal 视神经管 round (oval,spinous)foramen 圆(卵圆， 棘)孔 temporal bone 颞骨 petrous part 岩部 mastoid process 乳突 carotid canal 颈动脉管 tympanic te

20、gmen 鼓室盖 arcuate eminence 弓状隆起 trigeminal impression 三叉神经压迹 internal acoustic pore (port) 内耳门 internal acoustic meatus (canal) 内耳道 jugular fossa 颈静脉窝 styloid process 茎突 stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔 facial canal 面神经管 external acoustic pore (canal ) 外耳门(道) parietal,parietal bone 顶骨 parietal tuber (foramen

21、) 顶结节 (孔) frontal bone 额骨 frontal squama (tuber) 额鳞(结节) superciliary arch 眉弓 supraorbital notch (foramen) 眶上切迹 fossa for lacrimal gland 泪腺窝 ethmoid bone 筛骨 cribriform plate (foramen) 筛板 (孔) facial bones 面颅骨 inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲 lacrimal bone 泪骨 nasal bone 鼻骨 vomer 梨骨 * maxilla 上颌骨 palatine bone

22、 腭骨 zygomatic bone 颧骨 * mandible 下颌骨 ramous(angle) of mandible 下颌支(角) masseteric tuberosity 咬肌粗隆 coronoid process 冠突 condylar process 髁突 hyoid bone 舌骨 附肢骨骼(Appendicular skeleton) shoulder girdle 上肢带骨，肩带骨 scapula 肩胛骨 acromion 肩峰 superior(medial,lateral)border 上(下，外 侧)缘 coracoid process 喙突 superior (i

23、nferior, lateral) angle 上(下，外 侧)角 glenoid cavity 关节盂 * clavicle 锁骨 bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨 * Humerus 肱骨 head of humerus 肱骨头 anatomical(surgical)neck 解剖(外科)颈 greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节 crest of greater(lesser)tubercle 大( 小)结 节嵴 sulcus (groove)for radial n. 桡神经沟 deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆 tro

24、chlea of humerus 肱骨滑车 olecranon (coronoid, radial) fossa 鹰嘴 (冠突，桡)窝 medial (lateral) epicondyle 内(外) 上髁 sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟 * radius 桡骨 head (neck) of radius 桡骨头(颈) articular circumference 环状关节面 radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆 interosseous border 骨间缘 styloid process 茎突 ulnal notch 尺切迹 carpal articula

25、r surface 腕关节面 * uana 尺骨 olecranon 鹰嘴 coronoid process 冠突 ulnal tuberosity 尺骨粗隆 trochleal(radial)notch 滑车( 桡)切迹 head of ulna 尺骨头 bones of hand 手骨 carpal bones 腕骨 scaphoid bone 手舟骨 lunate bone 月骨 triangular bone 三角骨 pisiform bone 豌豆骨 trapezium bone 大多角骨 trapezoid bone 小多角骨 capitate bone 头状骨 hamate bo

26、ne 钩骨 hamulus (hook) of hamate bone 钩骨钩 Metacarpal bones 掌骨 phalanges(bones) of fingers 指骨 proximal (middle, distal) phalanx 近( 中， 远)指( 或趾)骨 下肢骨 (Bones of lower limb) pelvic girdle 下肢带骨，盆带骨 * hip bone 髋骨 acetabulum 髋臼 acetabular fossa (notch) 髋臼窝 (切迹) obturator foramen 闭孔 * Ilium 髂骨 body (ala) of il

27、ium 髂骨体(翼) arcuate line 弓状线 iliac crest 髂嵴 Tubercle 髂结节 Anterior superior (inferior) iliac spine 髂前上( 下)棘 Posterior superior (inferior) iliac spine 髂后上( 下)棘 Iliac fossa 髂窝 Auricular surface 耳状面 Iliac tuberosity 髂粗隆 * Ischium 坐骨 Greater (lesser) sciatic notch 坐骨大( 小)切迹 * Pubis 耻骨 Symphsial surface 耻骨

28、联合面 superior (inferior) ramus of pubis 耻骨上下支 ililopubic eminence 髂耻隆起 pecten of pubis 耻骨梳 bones of free lower limb 自由下肢骨 * femur 股骨 fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹 head (neck) of femur 股骨头(颈) greater (lesser) trochanter 大小转子 intertrochanteric line 转子间线 intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴 linea aspera,rough line

29、 of femur 粗线 pectineal line 耻骨肌线 gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆 popliteal surface 腘面 medial (lateral) condyle 内(外)侧髁 adductor tubercle 收肌结节 intercondylar fossa 髁间窝 medial (lateral) epicondyle 内外上髁 patella 髌骨 * tibia 胫骨 intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起 shaft (tuberosity) of tibia 胫骨体粗隆 soleal line 比目鱼肌线 medial (

30、lateral) malleolus 内外髁 Fibula,perone 腓骨 bones of foot 足骨 tarsal bones 跗骨 talus 距骨 calcaneus 跟骨 navicular bone 足舟骨 medial cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨 lateral cuneiform bone 中间楔骨 intermediate cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨 cuboid bone 骰骨 metatarsal bones 跖骨 phalanges (bones) of toes 趾骨 synosteology 关节学，关节解剖学 articulatio

31、n 连结，关节 joint 关节，连结 synovial joints 滑膜关节 fibrous 纤维连结 syndesmosis 韧带连结 suture 缝 cartilaginous joints 软骨连结 synchondrosis (pl. synchondroses) (透明软骨)结合 symphysis (pl.symphyses)(纤维软骨 )联合 synostosis (pl. synostoses synosteosis) 骨性 结合 articular surface (cavity) 关节面(腔) articular disk 关节盘 articular labrum 关

32、节唇 articular capsule 关节囊 fibrous layer (membrane) 纤维层，纤维膜 synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜层，滑膜 synovial fold (villi) 滑膜襞 synovial fluid 滑液 ligament (lig.) 韧带 extracapsular lig. 囊外韧带 intracapsular lig. 囊内韧带 Action 动作，作用 flexion,flexor (m.),flex (v.) 屈 extension,extensor (m.), extense (v.) 伸 adduction,add

33、utor (m.), adduct (v.) 收 abduction,abdutor (m.), abduct (v.) 展 Medial (lateral) rotation 旋内(外) pronation,pronator (m.), pronate (v.) 旋前 supination, supinator(m.), supinate(v.) 旋后 circumduction 环转运动 中轴骨骼的连结 (Joints of the Axial Skeleton) vertebral joints 椎骨连结 yellow lig. 黄韧带 ionterspinous lig. 棘间韧带 i

34、ntertransverse lig. 横突间韧带 supraspinous lig. 棘上韧带 Intervertebral symphysis 椎间联合 interverbral discs 椎间盘 Fibrous rings 纤维环 Pulpiform nucleus 髓核 Anterior longitudinal 前纵韧带 Posterior longitudinal 前后韧带 Zygapophysial joint 关节突关节 Lumbosacral joint 腰骶连结 Costovertebral joints 肋椎关节 Joint of costal head 肋头关节 Co

35、stotransverse joint 肋横突关节 Sternocostal joints 胸肋关节 Cranial suture 颅缝 Coronal (sagittal) suture 冠矢状缝 Lambdoid suture 人字缝 Synchondroses of cranium 颅结合 Temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节 附肢骨骼的连结 (Joints of the appendicular Skeleton) joints of shoulder girdle 上肢带连结 coracoacromial lig. 喙间韧带 Coracoclavicular l

36、ig. 喙锁韧带 Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节 Sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节 Joints of free upper limb 自由上肢连结 Shoulder joint 肩关节 Elbow joint 肘关节 Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节 Humeroradial joint 肱桡关节 Joints of hand 手关节 Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint 桡腕关节，腕关节 Intercarpal joints 腕骨间关节 Carpometacarpal joints 腕掌关节 Carpome

37、tacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节 Intermetacarpal joints 掌骨间关节 Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指关节 Interphalangeal joints of hand 指骨间关节 Joints of pelvic girdle 下肢带连结 Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合 Interpubic disc 耻骨间盘 Obturator membrane 闭孔膜 Sacroiliac joints 骶髂关节 Sacrotuberous lig. 骶结节韧带 Greater (lesser) sciatic for

38、amen 坐骨大(小) 孔 Pelvis 骨盆 Terminal line 界线 Greater (lesser) pelvis 大小骨盆 Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture 骨盆上下口 Pubic arch 耻骨弓 Subpubic angle 耻骨下角 Pelvic cavity 骨盆腔 Joints of free lower limb 自由下肢连结 Hip joint 髋关节 Transverse acetabular lig. 髋臼横韧带 Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带 Knee joint 膝关节 Medial

39、(lateral) meniscus 内外侧半月板 Transverse lig.of knee 膝横韧带 Anterior cruciate lig. 前交叉韧带 Posterior cruciate lig. 后交叉韧带 Fibular (tibial) collateral lig. 腓(胫) 侧副韧带 Ligament of patella 髌韧带 Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节 Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结 Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜 Joints of foot 足关节 talocrural j

40、oint, ankle joint 距小腿关节，踝关节 intertarsal joints 跗骨间关节 subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint 距下关节，距跟关节 transverse tarsal joint 跗横关节 talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节 tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节 intermetatarsal joints 跖骨间关节 metatarsophalangeal joint 跖趾关节 interphalangeal joints of foot 跖骨间关节 arch of foot,

41、tarsometatarsal arch 足弓，跗跖弓 medial (lateral) longitudinal arch 内( 外)侧纵弓 transverse arch 横弓 肌 学 (mycology) muscle (m.) 肌肉 cardiac muscle 心肌 smooth muscle 平滑肌 skeletal muscle 骨骼肌 long (short, broad, flat) muscle 长( 短， 阔，扁) 肌 orbicular muscle 轮匝肌 sphincter 括约肌 dilator, dilatator 开大肌 venter (belly) 肌腹 t

42、endon 腱 aponeurosis 腱膜 origin 起点，固定点 insertion 止点，动点 accessory (subservient) structure 辅助结构 tendinous sheath 腱鞘 synovial sheath of tendon 滑膜腱鞘 fascia 筋膜 superficial (deep) fascia 浅(深) 筋膜 synovial bursa 滑膜囊 subcutaneous tissue (fat) 皮下组织(脂肪) 躯干肌 (Muscles of Trunk) muscles of back 背肌 trapezius m. 斜方肌

43、broadest m. of back 背阔肌 erector spinal m. 竖脊肌 muscles of neck 颈肌 platysma m. 颈阔肌 sternocleidomastoid m. 胸锁乳突肌 anterior (middle, posterior) scalene m. 前中后斜角肌 scalene fissure 斜角肌 suprahyoid muscles 舌骨上肌群 infrahyoid muscles 舌骨下肌群 thoracic m. 胸肌 greater (lesser) pectoral m. 胸大( 小)肌 anterior serratus m.

44、前锯肌 thoracic proper m. 胸固有肌 external intercostal m. 肋间外肌 internal intercostal m. 肋间内肌 external (internal) intercostals membrane 肋间外( 内)膜 transverse m. of thorax 胸横肌 intimate intercostal m. 肋间最内肌 * diaphragm 膈 central tendon 中心腱 aortic hiatus 主动脉裂孔 esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔 hiatus of vena cave 腔静裂孔 abdo

45、minal m. 腹肌 abdominal rectus m., straight m. of abdomen 腹直肌 sheath of rectus m. 腹直肌鞘 external (internal) oblique m. of abdomen 腹外( 内) 斜肌 inguinal lig. 腹股沟韧带 superficial (deep) inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环 transverse m. of abdomen 腹横肌 inguinal canal 腹股沟管 头 肌(Muscles of Head) Facial m. 面肌 epicranial m. 颅顶肌 occ

46、ipitofrontal m. 枕额肌 frontal(occipital)belly 额(枕) 腹 epicranial aponeurosis,galea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜 orbicuaal m. of eye 眼轮匝肌 orbicular m. of mouth 口轮匝肌 buccinator,buccinator m.颊肌 masticatory m.咀嚼肌 masseter m.咬肌 上肢肌 (Muscles of Upper Limb) muscles of shoulder girdle 上肢带肌,肩带 肌 deltoid m.三角肌 muscles of a

47、rm 臂肌 brachial biceps (triceps) m. 肱二( 三)头肌 anconeus m. 肘肌 round pronator m.旋前圆肌 radial (ulnar)flexor m. of wrist 桡(尺) 侧腕屈肌 long palmar m.掌长肌 superficial (deep)fleaor m. of fingers 指浅(深) 屈肌 long flexor m, of thumb 拇长屈肌 quadrate pronator m. brachioradialis 旋前方肌 brachioradial m., brachioradialis 肱桡肌 long (short)radial extensor carpal m. 桡侧腕长(短) 伸肌 extensor m. of fingers 指伸肌 extensor m. of lesser finger 小指伸肌 ulnar extensor m. of wrist 尺侧腕伸肌 supinator m. 旋后肌 long abductor (extensor) m. of thumb 拇长展( 伸)肌 short extensor m. of thumb 拇短伸肌 extensor m. of index finger 示指伸肌 muscles of hand 手肌