英汉语言中的性别歧视研究.doc

1、西南财经大学天府学院2015届本科毕业论文论文题目ANANALYSISOFSEXISMINENGLISHANDCHINESE学生姓名所在学院专业英语学号指导教师II西南财经大学天府学院本科学生毕业论文（设计）开题报告表论文（设计）名称汉语题目英汉语言中的性别歧视研究英语题目ANANALYSISOFSEXISMINENGLISHANDCHINESE论文（设计）来源作者自选论文（设计）类型A导师学生姓名AMBER学号专业英语调研资料的准备1GENDERBIASINLANGUAGE综合教程I何兆熊主编；本文通过列举描述了语言中的性别歧视；2英汉语言中性别歧视的对比研究周凤娟；本文从构词、姓名称谓等方

2、面对比分析英语和汉语中性别歧视的共性和特殊性；3英汉语言中的性别歧视现象产生的原因及消除策略张庆艳；本文列举了四个性别歧视产生的原因，提供了六点可行的消除策略论文目的初学GENDERBIASINLANGUAGE便引发我深思，日常交流的语言竟然对女性有诸多的消极意义。因此，本文将针对英语和汉语中对女性带有歧视的表达,通过举例的方式,分析语言中性别歧视的现象,深化人们对性别歧视的认识，促进语言和谐。思路与预期成果本文主要通过对语言中的性别歧视研究，分别分析英语和汉语中对女性的消极定义和不重视，并试图提供改善这一现象的可行性方法。本文所要达到的预期成果主要通过分析英汉语言中的性别歧视现象，使更多人意

3、识到女性在语言中遭受的不平等待遇，旨在日常表达中规避此类现象。论文大致提纲一、引言二、英语中的性别歧视21称谓词22派生词23关于女性的贬义词语三、汉语中的性别歧视31汉字的构造32谚语中轻视女性的表达33围绕女性的隐喻表达四、英汉语言中性别歧视的共同点41词序42关于女性的消极内涵表达五、改善英汉语言中性别歧视的可行性方法51采用英语中性词汇52舍弃汉语中性别歧视词53不区别对待女性六、结语任务完成的阶段内容及时间安排2014年11月15日文献阅读开始2014年11月30日完成开题报告（毕业设计的需求分析）2014年12月20日完成文献综述；完成毕业设计的系统设计，进行程序编码2015年1月

4、19日完成论文的粗钢（论文的框架）2015年3月中下旬完成论文终稿（设计成果），并且打印成册，上交论文准备答辩完成论文嗦具备的条件因素1、对设计所需的文字资料进行收集整理；2、对所收集的资料筛选、过滤、去粗取精，去伪存真；3、在指导老师的帮助及指导下认真完成毕业论文写作。指导教师签名日期2014年11月28日论文（设计）类型A理论研究；B应用研究；C软件设计等；III摘要无论是几十年前还是近几年，性别歧视（尤其对女性）在西方国家和中国成为一种普遍的社会现象，影响着女性的生活和工作。语言，作为人类的一面镜子，反映着不同国家和地区的文化习俗，人文观念，毫无疑问，也反映着性别歧视。语言中的性别歧视在

5、语言学领域已成为热门话题，众多语言学家进行了很多调查。基于先前的调查研究，本文将分为四个部分说明在英语和汉语中的性别歧视。第一部分将通过称谓词，派生词和围绕女性的贬义表达的例子，介绍一些英语中性别歧视的普遍现象。第二部分通过汉字构成，贬低女性的谚语和关于蔑视女性的隐喻，将列举出一些汉语中性别歧视的典型现象。第三部分将分别阐释英汉语言中的性别歧视的两个共同点，即词序和关于女性的消极涵义。第四部分，通过已有的研究报告，本文将简短分析三个改善性别歧视的方式。我希望人们在使用英语或汉语时，能拥有避免性别歧视的意识，以此促进和谐沟通的氛围和实现男女本质上的平等。关键词英汉语言性别歧视现象共同点避免方法I

6、VABSTRACTSEXISMPARTICULARLYAGAINSTWOMEN,DECADESAGOORINRECENTYEARS,HASBEENAUBIQUITOUSSOCIALPHENOMENON,INFLUENCINGFEMALESLIFEANDWORK,INWESTERNCOUNTRIESASSAMEASINCHINALANGUAGE,ASAMIRROROFHUMANKIND,REFLECTSONVARIOUSCULTURE,CONVENTION,ANDHUMANISTICIDEOLOGYINDIVERSECOUNTRIESANDDISTRICTS,ASWELLASSEXISMWITH

7、OUTANYDOUBTSEXISMINLANGUAGEHASREMAINEDAHOTTOPICFORALONGTIMEAMONGLINGUISTSWHOHAVEALREADYMADENUMEROUSRESEARCHESABOUTITBASEDONTHEPREVIOUSRESEARCHES,THISTHESISISDIVIDEDINTOFOURPARTSTOILLUSTRATETHESEXISMINENGLISHANDCHINESEINFIRSTPART,SOMEGENERALPHENOMENAOFSEXISMINENGLISHWILLBEINTRODUCEDBYMEANSOFEXAMPLESO

8、NADDRESSINGTERMS,DERIVATION,ANDDEROGATORYEXPRESSIONSAROUNDWOMENINSECONDPART,SOMETYPICALPHENOMENAOFSEXISMINCHINESEWILLBELISTEDOUTINTERMSOFFORMATIONOFCHINESECHARACTERS,DEPRECIATEDWOMENINPROVERBSANDDISPARAGINGMETAPHORSAROUNDWOMENINTHIRDPART,TWOSIMILARITIESOFSEXISMINLANGUAGE,WORDORDER,ANDNEGATIVECONNOTA

9、TIONSFORWOMEN,WILLBEANALYZEDRESPECTIVELYINFORTHPART,THISPAPERBRIEFLYPOINTSOUTTHREEMETHODSTOAVOIDSEXISMINLANGUAGEBASEDONOTHERRESEARCHESIHOPEPEOPLEWILLBUILDUPANAWARENESSOFAVOIDINGSEXISMWHENSPEAKINGENGLISHORCHINESE,THUSPROMOTINGAHARMONIOUSCOMMUNICATIVEATMOSPHEREANDACHIEVINGTHEESSENTIALEQUALITYBETWEENME

10、NANDWOMENKEYWORDSLANGUAGESEXISTPHENOMENASIMILARITYAVOIDINGMETHODSVCONTENTS摘要IIIABSTRACTIVINTRODUCTIONVIISEXISMINENGLISH111ADDRESSINGTERMS112DERIVATION413DEROGATORYWORDSAROUNDWOMEN5IISEXISMINCHINESE721FORMATIONOFCHINESECHARACTERS722DEPRECIATEDWOMENINPROVERBS923METAPHORSAROUNDWOMEN10IIISIMILARITIESOFS

11、EXISMINENGLISHANDCHINESE1131WORDORDER1232NEGATIVECONNOTATIONSFORWOMEN13IVMETHODSTOAVOIDSEXISMINENGLISHANDCHINESE1441ADOPTINGGENDERFREEWORDSINENGLISH1542ABANDONINGTHESEXISTWORDSINCHINESE1543TREATINGFEMALEASNOEXCEPTION16CONCLUSION16LITERATUREREVIEW18BIBLIOGRAPHY26ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS28VIANANALYSISOFSEXISM

12、INENGLISHANDCHINESEINTRODUCTIONTHEDISPARATEUSAGEOFLANGUAGEBETWEENMALEANDFEMALEHADAROUSEDLINGUISTSATTENTIONSINSEVENTEENTHCENTURY,ANDLATER,WITHTHEFLOURISHINGDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIOLINGUISTICSSINCETHE1960S,THERELATIONSHIPOFLANGUAGEUSEANDGENDERDIFFERENCEHASBEENAHEATEDTOPICAMONGLINGUISTS1THELANGUAGEISARRANGED

13、SOTHATMENAREIDENTIFIEDWITHEXALTEDPOSITIONS,ANDWOMENAREIDENTIFIEDWITHMORESERVICEORIENTEDPOSITIONSINWHICHTHEYAREBEINGDOMINATEDANDINSTRUCTEDBYMENSOTHELANGUAGEUSEDTOCONVEYTHISTYPEOFMALESUPREMACYISGENERALLYREFLECTINGTHEHONOREDPOSITIONOFTHEMALEANDTHESUBSERVIENCEOFTHEFEMALELANGUAGEINVENTEDBYBOTHMALEANDFEMA

14、LEENABLESMALEHOLDAPOWERFULSOCIALSTATUS,WHEREASMAKESFEMALEFEELINFERIORTOMALEACCORDINGLY,SEXISMINLANGUAGE,AREFLECTIONOFSEXUALDISCRIMINATIONINSOCIALREALITY,GENERALLYMEANSTHATMENCANDISGRACE,DEPRECIATEANDHUMILIATEWOMENBYDEROGATORYWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSBOTHINENGLISHANDCHINESEDURINGTHEPROCESSOFRELIEVINGINEQUA

15、LITYBETWEENMENANDWOMEN,PEOPLEHAVEBEENSTRUGGLEDINMANYDOMAINSLIKEJOBMARKETANDPOLITICS,BUTWHATTHEYARESUPPOSEDTODOISFIRSTLYTOGETRIDOFTHE1朱跃语言与社会M合肥安徽大学出版社19991STEREOTYPICALUTILIZATIONOFSEXISMINLANGUAGETHUS,ITISOFVITALIMPORTANCEFORPEOPLETOENHANCETHEIRAWARENESSOFAVOIDINGSEXUALBIASWHENCOMMUNICATINGWITHTHEO

16、PPOSITEGENDER,ESPECIALLYFORMENTHISESSAYWILLDESCRIBESPECIFICPHENOMENAOFSEXISMINENGLISHANDCHINESESEPARATELY,HELPINGPEOPLEHAVEADISTINCTUNDERSTANDINGOFITANDBUILDUPANAWARENESSOFAVOIDINGITISEXISMINENGLISHINWESTERNCULTURE,THEREISAHOUSEHOLDSTORYINTHEBIBLETHATTHEGODCREATEDADAM,THEFIRSTMAN,FROMTHEEARTHATTHEVE

17、RYBEGINNINGOFTHEWORLD,ANDTOOKARIBFROMADAMTOCREATEEVE,THEFIRSTWOMANITISPROBABLYHOWTHETHOUGHTTHATMANISTHEMASTERANDWOMANISMERELYHISSUBORDINATEANDTHEDISCRIMINATORYLANGUAGEAGAINSTWOMENTHATOFTENTREATSTHEMASSECONDARYSTARTBRIEFLYSPEAKING,ENGLISHPLACESMOREEMPHASISONMENTHANWOMENTHROUGHTHECONTEMPTUOUSLANGUAGES

18、TOIGNOREWOMENINCERTAINRESPECTSANDEXAGGERATETHEWEAKNESSOFWOMENINSOMENEGATIVEASPECTS11ADDRESSINGTERMSLANGUAGE,SPECIFICALLYADDRESSINGTERM,ISAMAGICTOOLWITHAFUNCTIONTOGIVEEVERYONEAPARTICULARNAME,ENABLINGALLHUMANBEINGSTOKNOWEACHOTHERANDSHOWSOCIALRELATIONSBETWEENTHEMTHEMOST2CONVINCINGEXAMPLEOFSEXISMINENGLI

19、SHISTHESOCIALMEANINGSEMBEDDEDINMRMISSANDMRSFORMALE,WHETHERSINGLEORMARRIED,THEYAREADDRESSEDASMR,AGENERALTERMAMONGSTMENFORFEMALE,HOWEVER,SINGLELADIESAREENTITLEDMISSPLUSTHEIRFAMILIESNAMEANDTHEWIVESARECALLEDMRSPLUSTHEIRSPOUSESNAME,WHICHINDICATETHECOURTESYTITLESFORWOMENAREBASEDONTHEIRAGEANDMARITALSTATUSB

20、UTNOSAMESTANDARDSAREREQUIREDTOCALLMENITISNOTDIFFICULTTOFINDTHATTHEASYMMETRYOFAPPELLATIONCANBETHEPOWERFULEVIDENCEOFSEXISMINENGLISHANOTHERVIVIDEXAMPLEOFSEXISMINENGLISHISSIRANDMADAM,WHICHISTHEMOSTFREQUENTLYUSEDPAIROFWORDSAMONGPEOPLESIRISUSEDASAPOLITEWAYOFADDRESSINGAMANWHOSENAMEYOUDONOTKNOW,ORBEFORETHEF

21、IRSTNAMEOFAMANANDABARONET,ORAFORMOFADDRESSBYCHILDRENINSCHOOLTOAMALETEACHERASTHEEQUIVALENTOFSIR,MADAMISSURLYUSEDWHENSPEAKINGORWRITINGTOAWOMANINAFORMALORBUSINESSSITUATION2ALONGWITHTHESOCIALDEVELOPMENT,MADAMHASNOLONGERBEENSOLELYUSEDINAFORMALORBUSINESSSITUATION,ASITSMEANINGSHAVEBEENEXTENDEDWITHNEGATIVEC

22、ONNOTATIONSITISMADAMNOWADAYSTHATCANBEUSEDTODESCRIBEAYOUNGGIRLORWOMANWHOEXPECTSOTHERPEOPLETODOWHATSHEWANTS,ANDAWOMANWHOISINCHARGEOFTHEPROSTITUTESINABROTHEL2THEEXAMPLEABOVEMAKESITCRYSTALCLEARTHATTHECONNOTATIONS2霍恩比著，王玉章等译OXFORDADVANCEDLEARNERSENGLISHCHINESEDICTIONARYTHESEVENTHEDITION北京商务印书馆20093OFFEMA

23、LEAPPELLATIONSARENOTEQUIVALENTTOTHOSEOFTHEMALEAPPELLATIONSWHICHAREPOSITIVEANDACTIVEINENGLISH,AGROUPOFGENERICPRONOUNSARERELATED,WITHSAMEPROBABILITY,TOMENANDWOMEN,WHEREASTHEYIGNOREWOMENBYALLOWINGMASCULINETERMSTOBEUSEDINLOTSOFSPECIALCIRCUMSTANCESFORALLENGLISHLEARNERS,HEISDEFINITELYANACQUAINTANCEHEISPER

24、HAPSTHEMOSTWELLKNOWNEXAMPLEOFSEXISMINENGLISHTOBESPECIFICALLYTOREFERTOMALESANDCOMMONLYTOREFERTOHUMAN3FOREXAMPLE,EVERYONEHASHISOWNFATEOBVIOUSLY,EVERYONEHEREISASSOCIATEDWITHEVERYSINGLEPERSON,INCLUDINGBOTHMENANDWOMENBUTTOMEETTHEREQUIREMENTOFSIMPLICITYINENGLISH,HECOVERSALLTHEPOSSIBILITYOFMALEANDFEMALETHU

25、SSHOWINGTHEGENDERBIASAGAINSTFEMALETHESAMEHECOVERSALLPHENOMENAAREALSOREPRESENTEDINTHEFOLLOWINGOLDSAYINGSHEWHOHASHEALTHHASHOPEHEWHOKNOWSNOTHINGDOUBTSNOTHINGHEWHOSTANDSALONEHASNOPOWERHEWHODOESNOTRESPECTOTHERSDESERVESNORESPECTFROMOTHERSHEWHORISKSNOTHINGGAINSNOTHINGHEWHOKNOWSMOSTSPEAKSLEAST3GUIMEIHEANANA

26、LYSISOFSEXISMINENGLISHDQINGDAOUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY20104THEUSEOFHEASATERMOCCASIONALLYTOENCOMPASSFEMALESUGGESTSTHEUNIVERSALTHOUGHTOFMALESSUPERIORSTATUS,ANDMAKESWOMENGRAMMATICALLYINVISIBLETHUSREMAININGTHEMINFERIOR12DERIVATIONINTHERECORDSOFHUMANHISTORY,THEPHYSIOLOGICALANDPSYCHOLOGICALDIFFERE

27、NCESBETWEENMALEANDFEMALEHAVECONTRIBUTEDTOSHAPEINTOTHEMANCENTEREDSOCIETYWHENWORDS,SUCHASACTORANDACTRESS,SHOWUPINPAIRS,PEOPLEHAVENODIFFICULTYINRECOGNIZINGMASCULINEONEASITHASNOSPECIALMARKSANDITISTHEROOTOFTHEFEMININEONE,WHICHMANIFESTSFEMALEISASUBORDINATEOFMALEINGENERALSENSEDERIVATION,ACOMMONWAYOFWORDFOR

28、MATION,FORMSAWORDWITHMEANINGANDCATEGORYDISTINGUISHINGFROMTHATOFITSORIGINTHROUGHTHEADDITIONOFANAFFIXINENGLISH,MASCULINEWORDSAREENDOWEDWITHPOWERTOSIGNIFYBOTHMALEANDFEMALE,ANDMANYFEMININEWORDSCOMEFROMTHEMBYADDINGASUFFIXSUCHASESS,INE,ETTE,TRIXIFPEOPLEWANTTOGLORIFYSOMEONEWHOMADEAGREATACHIEVEMENTTOTHEIRCO

29、UNTRYORHOMETOWN,THEYWOULDLIKETOGIVEATITLE,HERO,TOTHEPERSONIFTHATPERSONISAFEMALE,THENSHEWILLBECALLEDHEROINEWHICHCOMESFROMHEROBYADDING“INE”ANOTHERTYPICALPAIROFWORDSDENOTINGSEXISMISGOVERNORANDGOVERNESS,THEFORMERISALEADERINCHARGEOFTHE5GOVERNMENTORANINSTITUTIONWHILETHELATTERCHANGINGORTOESSISJUSTAFEMALEME

30、NIALTUTORHEREARESOMEOFSUCHPAIRSOFTHEWORDSACTORANDACTRESSWAITERANDWAITRESSHOSTANDHOSTESSUSHERANDUSHERETTEGOVERNORANDGOVERNESSPRINCEANDPRINCESSDUKEANDDUCHESSTHESEPAIRSOFWORDSNOTETHEIMPORTANCEANDPRIORITYOFMALEINENGLISHLEXICONSIMPLYTOLEARNENGLISH,PEOPLEARECAPABLEOFMEMORIZINGWORDSBYRECOGNIZINGTHESUFFIXAS

31、WELLASDIFFERENTIATINGTHEMASCULINEANDFEMININEWORDS,BUTFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFEQUALITY,FEMALEISCONSIDEREDASASECONDARY,HUMBLEANDPASSIVEGROUP,COMPAREDWITHMALE13DEROGATORYWORDSAROUNDWOMENVOCABULARY,ASAMAJORCARRIEROFWORDMEANING,MIRRORSTHELINGUISTICDISCRIMINATIONAGAINSTWOMENINENGLISHTHEMEANINGSOFMANYWORDSREFE

32、RRINGTOMALEANDFEMALEAREBASICALLYEQUIVALENT,BUTWITHTHEREVOLUTIONARYOFHISTORY,WORDSFORFEMALEGRADUALLYACQUIREDISAPPROVINGIMPLICATIONSANDAREATTACHEDWITHDEROGATORYMEANINGSHERETICKOFFSOMEREPRESENTATIVEEXPRESSIONSKINGANDQUEENAREBOTHORIGINALLYRELEVANTTOTHENOBLELEADERSOFACOUNTRY,ANDKING,UPTONOW,STILLHASITSRO

33、YALANDPOSITIVEMEANINGSWHILEQUEENISADHEREDTOTHEDEROGATORYMEANINGAMALEHOMOSEXUALWHODRESSESLIKEAWOMAN6ORATHIRDPARTYTOAFAMILY4INDIFFERENTCONTEXTSBESIDES,BACHELORANDSPINSTERAREUSEDTODESCRIBETHEMARITALSTATUSOFASINGLEMANANDWOMANTHEFORMERHASANOTHERMEANINGREFERRINGTOTHEFIRSTDEGREEATCOLLEGEANDUNIVERSITY,THELA

34、TTER,DIFFERENTFROMTHECOMMENDATORYMEANINGOFTHEFORMER,HASACONNOTATIVEMEANINGTHATISSPECIFICALLYFORAWOMANWHOISNOLONGERYOUNGANDSEEMSUNLIKELYEVERTOMARRYEXCEPTFORSUCHWORDSINPAIRSWITHDEROGATORYMEANINGSTOFEMALE,SLANG,ASANINFORMALLANGUAGEORDINARILYSPOKENBYSOMEPARTICULARGROUPSOFPEOPLE,DISPLAYSSEXISMINENGLISH,I

35、NCISIVELYANDVIVIDLYTALKINGABOUTHUMILIATINGWORDSANDEXPRESSIONS,SLANG,INMOSTCASES,ISINVOLVEDWITHFEMALEHELLCAT,VIRAGO,VIXEN,BITCH,SLUT,CHIPPIE,ETCAREALLTOMAKEACHUMPOUTOFWOMEN,SOHOWABOUTMENALTHOUGHTHEREARESOMEEXPRESSIONSTOINSULTMEN,MOSTOFTHEMHAVESOMETHING,MOREORLESS,TODOWITHWOMENLETSTAKESONOFABITCHASANE

36、XAMPLEITINSULTSWOMENFIRSTTHENTOREACHTHEGOALOFHUMILIATINGMENEFFEMINATE,WOMANISH,HENPECKEDRESEMBLETHATINTHESAMEWAYOTHEREXPRESSIONSWITHDISPARAGINGMEANING,BLACKWIDOW,BLACKMARIA,HURRICANESANDY,SOLONGASTHEYARERELEVANTTODISASTERSORTERRIBLECHARACTERS,HAVETOLINKUPWITHFEMALE54于春迟，申葳CAMBRIDGEADVANCEDLEARNERSDI

37、CTIONARYM北京外语教学与研究出版社20085卢智慧,浅析英汉语中的性别歧视现象,D,湖南中南大学外国语学院,20097IISEXISMINCHINESECHINA,APRESTIGIOUSCOUNTRYWITHALONGSTANDINGREPUTATIONINTHEWORLD,HASOVERFIVETHOUSANDYEARSHISTORYANDFRUITFULCULTUREREPRESENTEDBYASUBSTANTIALNUMBEROFREFINEDSCHOLARSANDINTELLECTUALSINDIFFERENTKINDSOFFIELDSCONFUCIANCULTURETHAT

38、HOISTSITSOWNUNIQUEBANNERINCHINAHASENHANCEDTHECHINESETRADITIONALVALUE,MANSUPERIORTOWOMANWHICHWASPRIMARILYESTABLISHEDASPATRIARCHALREPLACEDMATRIARCHALSOCIETYANDHADGRADUALLYBECOMEACENTRALIDEOLOGYWITHTHEFLOURISHINGOFTHEFEUDALSYSTEMITHASATREMENDOUSIMPACTONCHINESEPEOPLESDEMEANOR,LIFESTYLE,ANDTHEUNIQUELANGU

39、AGEESPECIALLYTHECHINESECHARACTERS,THEONLYEXISTINGIDEOGRAPH6ACCORDINGLY,SEXISTPHENOMENAINCHINESEAREMUCHDISTINCTANDSTRAIGHTFORWARD21FORMATIONOFCHINESECHARACTERSSIMILARTOENGLISH,SEXISMEXISTSINCHINESEWHOSEBASICMORPHEMESARETHEINDIVIDUALCHINESECHARACTERSAMONGTHETHOUSANDSOFMILLIONSOFCHINESECHARACTERS,“女”NV

40、INPINYIN,MEANING“FEMALE”,APICTOGRAPHICCHARACTER,HASTHEDIRECTCONNECTIONWITHGENDERBIASINTHELANGUAGELOTSOFWORDSCOMPOSEDOF“女”CONTAINTHECONTEMPTUOUSANDDISDAINFULMEANINGSABOUTWOMENFORINSTANCE,“妓”JIINPINYINSIGNIFIESAPROSTITUTEORAWHORE,“姘”PININPINYINMEANSTOHAVEUNETHICALSEXUAL6冯英杰,英汉语言中的性别歧视现象及其文化根源,D,河南许昌学院

41、,20098RELATIONSHIPWITHSOMEONEELSERATHERTHANTHEIRSPOUSE,“妒”DUINPINYINMEANSTOBEJEALOUSOFOTHERS,“婊”BIAOINPINYINISTHEEQUIVALENTOFENGLISHWORDBITCHAND“奴”NUINPINYIN“婢”BIINPINYINSTANDSFORAHUMBLESERVANTTHEREAREOTHERCHARACTERSWITHADEROGATORYSENSEINDICATINGSCORNANDINSULTTOFEMALE,SUCHAS“奸”“娼”“嫖”USUALLYUSEDTOSHO

42、WTHEILLICITSEXUALBEHAVIOR,“嫉”“婪”“妄”ASSOCIATEDWITHUNHEALTHYANDDEVIOUSMENTALSTATEFEMALEISNOTTHEONLYONEWHOWILLHAVESUCHIMMORALBEHAVIORANDTWISTYMENTALITY,BUTWHYDOTHOSEDISPARAGINGEXPRESSIONSSOLELYLINKWITHFEMALEOTHERTHANBOTHGENDERSITISAPPARENTENOUGHTOSEETHATFORMATIONOFCHINESECHARACTERSISDEPRECIATEDFORWOMEN

43、ANDREVEALSSEXISMAGAINSTWOMENHOWEVER,MANYCHINESECHARACTERSARENOTORIGINALLYDESIGNEDTOINSULTFEMALE,BUTTHEIRSEXISMWILLSHOWUPASLONGASTHEYCOMBINEAFEMININETERMTOFORMAPHRASECHINESEPEOPLEARELIKELYTOASSOCIATE“流”LIUINPINYINWITH“女”TOEXPRESSTHEVULNERABILITYOFWOMEN,ANDRELATE“老虎”LAOHUINPINYIN,THEKINGINTHEFOREST,TO

44、“母”MUINPINYINTODESCRIBETOUGH,AGGRESSIVEANDFIERCEWOMENFURTHERMORE,WHENMENTIONINGSOMEJOBTITLESLIKE“教授”（PROFESSORINENGLISH）,AND“法官”（JUDGEINENGLISH）,BULKSOFPEOPLEWILLAUTOMATICALLYRELATETHOSETITLESTOMALEASIFONLYMENARECAPABLEOFHANDLINGCHALLENGINGAFFAIRSWHENPEOPLEREADORHEARSOMESENTENCES9LIKEMYCOUSINISAPOLI

45、CEANDMYFRIENDISANENGINEER,THEYAREPRONETOREFERTHESETWOJOBTITLESTOMALEWITHOUTASKINGWHETHERTHECOUSINANDTHEFRIENDHEREISAMANORAWOMANSO,HOWDOTHEYNAMETHEFEMALEINTHEEXACTLYSAMEPOSITIONANDSPOTTHEMDURINGCONVERSATIONSITISEASYASTHEYWILLJUSTPLUSA“女”（FEMALE,LADYORWOMANINENGLISH）INFRONTOFTHEOCCUPATIONALTITLESWHICH

46、WILLBECOME女教授，女法官,女警察，女工程师SHOWINGONLYWOMENASEXCEPTIONAL22DEPRECIATEDWOMENINPROVERBSPROVERBISTHEESSENCEOFCHINESEPROFOUNDCULTURE,THEVALUABLERESULTOFHUMANWISDOM,ANDTHEEMBODIMENTOFLANGUAGETHECULTURALBIGSHOTINBRITISHLITERATURE,SHAKESPEARE,HASAFAMOUSPROVERBFRAILTY,THYNAMEISWOMANINDICATINGTHEWEAKNESSOFFEMA

47、LEINSOCIETYINCHINA,“MALESUPERIORTOFEMALE”ISNOTONLYEVIDENTLYREFLECTEDINTHEFORMATIONOFCHINESECHARACTERSBUTALSOINTHEPROVERBSANDIDIOMS7INTHEANCIENTCHINA,GIRLSOFPOORFAMILIESCOULDNOTATTENDSCHOOLWHILETHOSEOFRICHFAMILIESMIGHTHAVEOPPORTUNITIESTOSTUDYINTHEACADEMY,EVENTHOUGHTHEYWEREREALLYGOODATPOETRY,THESIGNIF

48、ICANTLITERATUREWORKSANDCITINGTHECLASSICS,THEIRPARENTSWOULDNOTFEELPROUDOFTHEMBECAUSETHECUSTOMARYVALUE,“女子无才便是德”INNOCENCEIS7常敬宇,汉语词汇与文化,M,北京北京大学出版社,199510THEVIRTUEFORWOMEN,HADALREADYDEEPLYROOTEDINTHEIRMINDJUSTDUETOTHISIMPROPERVALUE,“祝英台”（ZHUYINGTAIINPINYIN）,THELEADINGCHARACTERINTHECHINESEFAMOUSFOLKTAL

49、E“梁山伯和祝英台”（LIANGSHANBOANDZHUYINGTAI）,HADTOCOVERHEROWNIDENTITYANDDISGUISEHERSELFASAMANTORECEIVEEDUCATIONSEXISMAGAINSTWOMENALSOLIESINTHEFOLLOWINGTYPICALEXAMPLES“嫁出去的女儿，泼出去的水”IFAWOMANMARRYAMAN,SHEWILLBESUBMISSIVETOHERHUSBANDANDSELDOMRETURNTOHERFAMILYTOKEEPTHEIRPARENTSCOMPANY“嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗”AWOMANHASNOCHOICEBUTTOFOLLOWHERHUSBANDNOMATTERWHATKINDOFPERSONALITYHEHASANDDOTHINGSASHEPLEASED“女人头发长,见识短”WOMENARELONGHAIREDBUTSHORTSIGHTEDFROMTHEABOVEINSTANCES,ITISEASYTOMAKEACONCLUSIONTHATWOMENHAVENOINDEPENDENTVIEWPOINTS,INSPITEOFTHEFACTTHATTHEYAREFREETOEXPRESSTHEIROPINIONS,WHATTHEYSAYISJUST“妇人之见”THE