初中英语常见动词ing和动词不定式词组.doc

1、初中英语阅读教学案例郑庄中学 原丽随着中考英语的改革，阅读在中考中的分值增大，阅读理解的选材越来越广泛，包括天文、科技、地理、历史、任务传记、英美风俗人情等，并且加大了对考生理解、概括、推理能力的考查。学生在掌握科学、有效的阅读方法和技巧的同时，使用词典、语法等工具书及各种英语教育教学资源的过程中，能掌握全文大意并能根据中文信息找出问题相关答案，逐步提高学生独立阅读的能力。现行初中阅读课文是各单元教学的核心，容量大、密度高、话题广、课时紧，需要采取一种新的教学途径来解决。新的课程标准也提倡任务型的教学途径。任务型教学就是以具体的任务为学习目的，让学生带着任务完成阅读，理清文路，最终完成阅读题。

2、一、初中英语阅读能力的要求 分析2010年中考题型，整套题加大了阅读量：一篇完形填空（15分），四篇阅读文章（30分），一篇任务型阅读（10分）。六篇文章55分，两个小时内完成这么多文章，还有20分的听力，5分补全对话，15分作文，15分单项选择。显而易见，阅读的重要性是不可忽视的。而学生的阅读能力不是一朝一夕能提高的，特别是初中学生需要我们在日常教学中加大对阅读的训练，使学生逐步获得独立阅读能力。二、操作措施以下Travels for the environment 为例，对阅读技能训练在教学中的应用加以说明，这篇文章内容含量大，设计到热门话题，人口与环境，所以我把这篇文章放在初中英语后讲，

3、在此之前学生在学习中已谈论到了环保的话题。我在处理这篇文章时，主要有以下几步：（一）阅读前任务设计1、用多媒体播放，人多车多造成的交通道路拥挤，城市的大面积扩张造成了大面积耕地被占用，森林面积减少，然后提出如下问题Who causes such changes？What should we do？学生马上热烈的讨论起来，屏幕上的场景迅速激活了课堂，激发了学生的阅读兴趣，使他们产生了强烈的阅读愿望。（二）阅读中任务（whilereading task）1、快速阅读，了解主旨大意使学生在规定时间内默读完课文并找出每段的主题句或段落的中心句。当然，学生也可以用不同的句子来概括每段的中心。只要有自己的

4、观点，都要给予肯定和表扬。2、精读，获取更多信息为了帮助学生了解更多的信息，设计如下几个问题，让学生在问中找出相关信息，并小组讨论1）From the passage we know that our earth has changed much because of -A its old age B.mans activities C.the changes of weather D.the natural development2)Water pollution will become even worse if - .A.birds and fish continue to die B.

5、people continue to built factoriesC.people cant stop factories from sending waste things into waterD.many rivers and lakes are still dead3研读，从中受到启发（三）阅读后任务通过前面几个环节的教学，学生对课文的信息有了全面的了解和理解，为了让他们成功运用所掌握的语言形式，阅读后再找出几篇相关话题的文章，做快速阅读训练，让学生先看题再看文章，将文中的答案找出。1）在日常阅读训练中，让学生能习惯于先审题，掌握题意，带着任务去读文章的方法，一般的阅读问题都可以通过全

6、文找出相关答案或信息，不能让学生单独脱离文章靠印象做题。2）有的学生表现出不愿合作或不主动，只顾自己思考，基本上在独立学习的层次上，没有真正的讨论和合作；有的学生表现出对任务不理解；有的学生在交流中过多使用母语等。3） 部分学生习惯于教师以前的讲授教学方式，认为上课认真听讲笔记就能学好英语。开始他们对语言活动表现得漠不关心，在合作学习中合作不主动、不充分，存有消极、自私、依赖和缺乏责任感等不良心理，使合作学习达不到理想的效果。 finish doing sth.完成做某事practice doing sth 练习做某事be worth doing sth 值得做某事be busy doing

7、sth忙于做某事keep doing sth始终/一直做be used to doing sth习惯做某事give up doing sth 放弃做某事consider doing sth考虑做某事suggest doing sth建议做某事cant help doing sth情不自禁做某事feel like doing sth想要做某事enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事miss doing sth思念做某事mind doing sth介意做某事prefer doing sth to doing sth更喜欢做某事look forward to doing sth 期望做某事have

8、a hard / good time (in) doing sth 愉快地做某事spend (in) doing sthhave trouble/ difficulty/ hard (in) doing sth费力地做某事have fun (in) doing sth.(21)go swimming/ fishing/ camping/ trekking/ hiking/ shopping(22)do some reading/ cleaning/ writing/ listening(23)begin/ start to do sth.与 doing sthlove/ like/ hate

9、to do sth 与 doing sthremember/ forget to do sth （中考点）与doing sthtry to do sth （中考点）尽力干某事与doing sth试着干某事stop to do sth停下来干某事与doing sth.停止干某事24. There be +名词+ doing sth （现在分词）25.感官动词hear , listen to, look at , see, watch, notice, find +宾语 + doing sth.（现在分词）1.Have you finished (copy)the new words ?2. He

10、 likes (play) soccer , this is his hobby.3. Schoolboys enjoy (play) computer games, while schoolgirls enjoy (chat) online.4. Would you mind (take) these books to the teachers office for me?5. The teacher kept the students (practice) exercises.6. We are busy (get) ready for the important exam these d

11、ays.7. The girls do some (shop) every Sunday.8. Lets go (swim) , shall we?9. This novel is worth (read).10. He spent twenty thousand yuan (spend) his holiday abroad.11. The pianist practices (play) the piano every night.12. Hes feeling sick. He doesnt feel like (eat) or drinking anything.13. Thank y

12、ou for (tell) me so much information.14. She prefers (dance) to (sing) a song.15. She dislikes (eat) meat, because she wants to be slim(苗条).16. Mrs Green hates (travel) by air. She always falls asleep during the flight.17. He started (learn) Chinese Kungfu at the age of five.18. When the teacher cam

13、e in student all stopped (talk).19. They are having fun (make) model planes.20. Jim had trouble (learn) Chinese.21. (swim) is far more comfortable than (run) in hot summer.22. Edisons father saw him (sit) on some eggs one day.23. Listen! Can you hear someone (hum) a song next door.24. I found him (l

14、ie) in bed, tired and pale(脸色苍白).25. The fans watched the soccer stars (practice) playing soccer yesterday afternoon.26. Little Tom was interested in (try) out his new ideas in his own lab.27. If you want to be healthy, you are supposed to give up (smoke).28. Are you for or against (stay) here for n

15、ight?29. William Pan has got used to (live) in Amoy, look forward to (meet) him at Xiamen University.31. I remembered (lend) him a thousand yuan.新目标英语动词不定式的用法及固定结构（2）动词不定式的用法（作后置定语的用法）。一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作

16、主语常置于句末。如：1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge.2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.常用句式：It is /will be +形容词/名词+of sb + to do sth.（中考必考点）It is /will be +形容词+for sb + to do sth.（形容词：easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary）二、用作宾语

17、1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to visit Mexico.2.动词decide, kn

18、ow, learn, show, teach, tell.可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to即why not+动词原形。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?2)I dont know what to do next.3.动词feel, find, , think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是.feel / find / / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. （同义句）

19、= I find that its difficult to remember everything.三、作状语动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中作状语。（1）作目的状语。如：He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。（to do sth =in order to do sth）（2）作结果状语。如：He woke up to find everybody gone.他醒来发现大家都走了。（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。如：Im sorry to hear your grandma is ill.听到你奶奶生病真遗憾。（4）在带有enou

20、gh或too的句子里作状语，表程度。如：He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学年龄了。（5）强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as to不用于句首。如：The bus stopped in order to pick up passengers.四、作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点，学习时要注意以下三种情况。（1）作动词ask, teach , tell等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to不可以省略。如：He asked me to talk about En

21、glish study.他请我谈谈英语学习。（2）作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to要省略。如：The teacher made him say the word like this.老师让他像这样说这个单词。（3）作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to可以带，也可以不带。如：Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box？你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗？五、作定语（1）不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。如：I have nothing to

22、say on this question.对这个问题我无可奉告。（2）如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。如：Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张纸写字。There is some room for us to live in.I have no pen to write with.There is nothing to worry about.Would you please give me a chair to sit on.She has no paper to write on.I dont have a partner to

23、practice English with.（3）序数词和形容词最高级修饰的名词后常用不定式作定语。如：Tom is the first to come to school today.Memorizing grammar is the best way to learn English well.Hangzhou is a good place to visit.真有用固定用法：以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配希望做某事hope to do sth. 决定做某事decide to do sth同意做某事agree to do sth. 需要某人做某事need to do sth.使用某物做某

24、事use sth to do sth 迫不及待做某事cant wait to do准备做某事get/be ready to do 尽力/努力做某事try to do sth计划做某事plan to do sth.希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.轮流做某事take ones turns to do sth. 拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth. 不得不have to do同意某人做某事agree

25、 sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.encourage sb to do鼓励某人做帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.doIts ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 例:It your turn to clean the blackboard.Its time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了 例:Its time for me to go home.Its +adj. for/of sb. to do sth

26、. 对于某人来说做某事是例: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night. 3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.too+adj./adv. to

27、 do sth. 太.而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word.find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是 I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.序数词+to do 第.个做某事 例句:Who is the first to get there?我不知/忘记了怎么办。I didnt know/forgot what to do.离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯例句:Dont forget/Remember to turn off the lights whe

28、n you left the roombe+adj+to do sth 例句:I am very sorry to hear that. I am ready to help others. I am happy / pleased / glad to meet you.顺口溜：本领最多不定式，主表定补宾和状；样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢；大家千万要小心，有时它把句型改；作主语时用it，自己在后把身藏；七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前加for sb.；to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用

29、法let sb. do sth让某人做某事 make do sth使得某人做某事 hear do sth do sth听见某人做某事 see do sth do sth看见某人做某事why not/why dont you +动原？为什么不.?Why not/Why dont you take a walk?某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事情态动词can/may /must /should+ 动词原（包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形）助动词do/does/did/will/would在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即dont /doesnt /didnt /will not /would not+ 动词原形1.征求对方意见和提建议的句子Shall we play basketball?Lets play basketball.Why dont we see a film?Would you like to watch TV?Would you please go to the movies?Youd better listen to me carefully.What / how about reading aloud to practice pronunciation