中国低碳经济的发展【外文翻译】.doc

1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目DEVELOPMENTOFALOWCARBONECONOMYINCHINA出处THEINTERNATIONALJOURNALOFSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTANDWORLDECOLOGY作者DINGDING,DONGBAODAIANDMINGZHAO原文KEYWORDSLOWCARBONECONOMY,CLIMATECHANGE,CARBONEMISSIONS,DEVELOPMENTSTRATEGIES,CHINASUMMARYUNDERTHEPRESSURESOFCLIMATECHANGE,MANYCOUNTRIESARETRYINGTOADAPT

2、TOALOWCARBONECONOMYINTHISPAPER,WEREVIEWTHEDEVELOPMENTPATTERNOFTHELOWCARBONECONOMYOFMAJORCOUNTRIESANDITSIMPACTONTHEWORLDECONOMYWETHENARGUETHATECONOMICDEVELOPMENTANDABATEMENTOFGREENHOUSEGASGHGEMISSIONSINCHINASHOULDBEBALANCEDTHECHALLENGESTHATCHINAFACESSHOULDALSOBECONSIDEREDCAREFULLYITISNECESSARYFORCHIN

3、ATOFINDANAPPROACHTOSOLVETHEISSUESOFCLIMATECHANGE,WHICHSHOULDINCLUDENEWTECHNOLOGIESANDESTABLISHINGINCENTIVEMECHANISMSANDREFORMORIENTEDPOLICIESTHESEGUIDELINESCANADJUSTTHESTRUCTUREOFTHEECONOMYANDENERGYUSE,IMPROVEENERGYEFFICIENCY,PROMOTETHEDEVELOPMENTOFALTERNATIVEANDRENEWABLEENERGY,ENHANCETHEPOTENTIALOF

4、CARBONSINKS,ANDDEVELOPADVANCEDTECHNOLOGYTOPERFECTACLEANDEVELOPMENTMECHANISMANDSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTTHROUGHINTERNATIONALCOOPERATIONINTRODUCTIONCHINASCURRENTCAPACITYTOTACKLECLIMATECHANGEISRELATIVELYLOWDUETOITSRAPIDECONOMICDEVELOPMENT,HUGEPOPULATIONANDCOALDOMINATEDENERGYSYSTEMTHUS,CHINAFACESGREATCHALL

5、ENGESINCOPINGWITHCLIMATECHANGE,NAMELYTHEINCREASINGPRESSUREOFCO2EMISSIONSRESULTINGFROMTHEHIGHDEMANDFORENERGYINTHEPROCESSOFRAPIDURBANIZATION,INDUSTRIALIZATION,ANDGLOBALIZATIONTHEINTERNATIONALCOMMUNITYNOWREQUESTSEACHCOUNTRYTOPUTMOREEFFORTINTOCONTROLLINGCLIMATECHANGESANDMITIGATINGTHEIRCONSEQUENCESINORDE

6、RTOCOPEWITHINCREASINGLYSERIOUSGLOBALCLIMATECHANGESCHINASDOMESTICNEEDSANDITSGLOBALCLIMATERESPONSIBILITIESPULLTHECOUNTRYINDIFFERENTDIRECTIONSANDCONFRONTCHINAWITHSEVEREPOLICYCHALLENGESNDRC2007CLIMATECHANGEISFUELLINGASIGNIFICANTRENAISSANCEINNATIONALENVIRONMENTALMOVEMENTSINEUROPETHEBROADAIMOFTHISARTICLEI

7、STOEXAMINEWHETHERITWASBETTERTOUNDERSTANDTHEEXTENTTOWHICHTHE2006STEMREVIEWONCLIMATECHANGEMARKEDADECISIVETURNINGPOINTINTHEUK,ORWHETHERITWASJUSTANOTHERMISSEDOPPORTUNITYJORDAN2007LABELLEDASTHEMOSTCOMPREHENSIVEREVIEWOFTHEECONOMICSOFCLIMATECHANGEEVERPRODUCED,THESTEMREVIEWWASCOMMISSIONEDASPARTOFTHEG8GLENEA

8、GLESDIALOGUEONCLIMATECHANGETHEFOLLOWUPINTERMSOFNEWPOLITICALANDPOLICYPRONOUNCEMENTSISEXAMINEDITISCONCLUDEDTHATFINDINGWAYSTOUNITEDOMESTICANDINTERNATIONALACTIONSONCLIMATECHANGEREPRESENTSANENORMOUSLYTRICKYPOLITICALCHALLENGEFORALLGOVERNMENTSTHEORYANDPRACTICEINTHELOWCARBONECONOMYTHEIDEAOFALOWCARBONECONOMY

9、ISRELATEDTOTHEBASICMATERIALCYCLESONEARTH,ESPECIALLYTHECARBONCYCLEANDCARBONBALANCEWITHINAGIVENCARBONBUDGET,ONEMAYCALCULATEVARIOUSPUBLICANDCOMMERCIALACTIVITIESWITHREGARDTOTHEIRCARBONEMISSIONS,ANDUSEMARKETMECHANISMSFORTRADINGRIGHTSFORCARBONEMISSIONS,EITHERDOMESTICALLYORINTERNATIONALLY,THROUGHMECHANISMS

10、INTHEKYOTOPROTOCOLATHOROUGHRECONSIDERATIONOFECONOMICANDSOCIALACTIVITIESWITHREGARDTOTHECONTROLOFGREENHOUSEGHGEMISSIONSMAYALLOWACOMPLETETRANSFORMATIONOFTHESYSTEMINLINEWITHLOWCARBONECONOMICTHEORY,ANDTHEREFOREMAYPROVIDEASUSTAINABLESOLUTIONFORGLOBALCLIMATECHANGEINMANYCOUNTRIES,GREATPROGRESSHASBEENMADEINS

11、CIENTIFICRESEARCHTOUNDERSTANDTHEIMPACTOFHUMANACTIVITIESONCARBONEMISSIONSINTERMSOFINTERNATIONALRESEARCHONGLOBALCLIMATECHANGESZHAO2006INTERNATIONALRESEARCHONTHELOWCARBONECONOMYISCURRENTLYFOCUSEDONTHEFOLLOWINGFOURAREAS1ENERGYCONSUMPTION,INCLUDINGTRANSFORMINGTHEENERGYCONSUMPTIONSTRUCTURERELATEDANDREBUIL

12、DINGENERGYSYSTEMSINTOLOWCARBONSYSTEMS2DEVELOPMENTOFTHEECONOMY,CONCENTRATINGONRELATIONSBETWEENTHEMODES,STAGESANDDEVELOPMENTALSPEEDSOFDIFFERENTECONOMICACTIVITIESANDCARBONEMISSIONS3AGRICULTURALPRODUCTION,COMPRISINGCHANGESINLANDUSE,REGULATIONOFAGRICULTURALLANDANDCHANGESINAGRICULTURALPRODUCTIONLEVELSANDS

13、TRUCTURETOREDUCEEMISSIONS4ANALYSISOFECONOMICRISKSANDRESEARCHONVARIOUSCOUNTERMEASURESFORREDUCTIONOFCARBONEMISSIONSZHANGETAL2002BESIDESRELEVANTREGIONALANDCOMPARATIVEANALYSES,MOREANDMOREIMPORTANCEISPLACEDONINTEGRATEDANALYSESUSINGCOMPREHENSIVEMODELSANDLARGEAMOUNTSOFDATA,SUCHASCARBONCIRCULATION/ENERGYMOD

14、ELS,DYNAMICINTEGRATEDEVALUATIONMODELSANDENERGYCONSUMPTIONMODELSFORCARBONEMISSIONREDUCTIONWANGETAL2004XUETAL2006HOWEVER,NOSATISFACTORYPROGRESSHASBEENMADEINTHECONVERSIONOFENERGYWITHINTHEINTERNALELEMENTSGENERATINGCARBONEMISSIONSANDTHEINTERACTIONOFALLELEMENTSINTHECARBONEMISSIONCYCLEERI2005SOMEDEVELOPEDC

15、OUNTRIESTHATHAVECOMPLEXENERGYSECURITYCONSTRAINTSREGARDTHEREDUCTIONOFGREENHOUSEGASESEMISSIONSASANINTEGRALPARTOFENERGYSTRATEGYADJUSTMENTTHESECOUNTRIESAREATTEMPTINGTOBUILDALOWCARBONEMISSIONECONOMYBYINCREASINGENERGYEFFICIENCY,OPTIMIZINGENERGYSTRUCTURESANDSTRENGTHENINGRXU2007WHILESECURINGTHESUPPLYOFCONVE

16、NTIONALDOMESTICPETROLEUMENERGY,MANYCOUNTRIESAREACTIVELYDEVELOPINGRENEWABLEENERGYANDNEWENERGYSOURCESMANYARERECONSIDERINGNUCLEARPOWERDEVELOPMENT,ANDADJUSTINGANDOPTIMIZINGTHEENERGYSTRUCTURETOEFFECTIVELYREDUCETHEVOLUMEOFCO2EMITTEDPERUNITOFCONSUMPTIONTHEEUHASANNOUNCEDTHEDEVELOPMENTGOALOFDEVELOPINGNEWRENE

17、WABLEENERGYSOURCESTHEUSAANDJAPANHAVEREINFORCEDTHEROLEOFNUCLEARPOWERINTHEIRENERGYSTRATEGIES,AFTERA20YEARHISTORYOFNOTBUILDINGNEWNUCLEARPOWERPLANTSJAPANCONTINUESTOIMPLEMENTPLANSTOREINFORCETHENATIONALPOWERSUPPLYWITHNUCLEARPOWERANDTOSPEEDUPITSDEVELOPMENTFROM29ATPRESENTTO30ANDUPTO40BY2030ITISESSENTIALFORA

18、LLCOUNTRIESTOCREATEMOREMATERIALWEALTHWITHLESSENERGYCONSUMPTIONTHISWILLPROVIDEECONOMICBENEFITSANDISALSOANIMPORTANTMEANSTOREDUCECO2EMISSIONSZHUANG2005JAPANWILLRAISEENERGYEFFICIENCYBY30BY2030,WHILETHEEUPLANSTOREDUCEITSTOTALENERGYCONSUMPTIONBY20BY2020,COMPAREDWITHTHATIN2004THEUSAENERGYSTRATEGYWILLCONCEN

19、TRATEONPRODUCTIONTECHNIQUESFORADVANCEDBATTERIESANDVEHICLEFUELSSUCHASCELLULOSICETHANOLANDHYDROGEN,ANDHOWTOUSESOPHISTICATEDBUTCLEANENERGYTECHNOLOGIES,NAMELYCLEANCOAL,NUCLEARENERGY,SOLARENERGYANDWINDENERGYJAPANISEMPHASISINGRESEARCHONSUPERBURNING,SUPERTIMEANDSPACEENERGYUTILIZATIONANDADVANCEDENERGYSAVING

20、TECHNIQUESTHEEUPROPOSESTODEVELOPTHEWORLDSMOSTADVANCEDENERGYTECHNOLOGIESANDACCELERATETHEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWTECHNOLOGIESSUCHASNUCLEARFUSIONITER,NEWFUELCELLS,CARBONCAPTUREANDSTORAGE,RENEWABLEENERGYANDGASHYDRATESCLIMATECHANGECHALLENGESINCHINACLIMATECHANGEISANOVERALLGLOBALCONCERN,ANDENERGYISTHEMATERIALBASIS

21、ANDGUARANTEEFORTHESUSTAINABLEGROWTHOFCHINASECONOMYCHINAISALSOONEOFTHEMAINEMISSIONSOURCESFORGREENHOUSEGASESONTHEONEHAND,CHINACURRENTLYHASASHORTAGEOFENERGY,WHILE,ONTHEOTHERHAND,ITCONSUMESTOOMUCHENERGY,WHICHINCREASESTHEEMISSIONOFCO2ENDEAVOURTOCONTROLGREENHOUSEGASEMISSIONSANDSTRENGTHENITSSUSTAINABLEGROW

22、THCAPABILITYISBOTHAFULFILLMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTSOFTHEUNITEDNATIONSFRAMEWORKCONVENTIONONCLIMATECHANGEANDTHEINEVITABLERESULTOFTHEFULLIMPLEMENTATIONOFSCIENTIFICDEVELOPMENTCONCEPTSINTHISNEWSITUATIONGREENHOUSEGASESEMITTEDFROMENERGYCONSUMPTIONACCOUNTFORMORETHAN70OFTOTALEMISSIONSINCHINAACCORDINGTOTHEINITIAL

23、NATIONALCOMMUNICATIONONCLIMATECHANGEOFTHEPEOPLESREPUBLICOFCHINA,CHINASTOTALGHGEMISSIONSIN1994WERE4,060MILLIONTONSOFCO2EQUIVALENTTO3,650MILLIONTONSNETEMISSION,OFWHICH3,070MILLIONTONSOFCO2,730MILLIONTONSOFCO2EQUIVALENTSTCO2EOFMETHANECH4AND260MILLIONTCO2EOFNITROUSOXIDESN2OARECENTPRELIMINARYESTIMATEINDI

24、CATEDTHATTHEEMISSIONVOLUMEOFN2O,CH4ANDN2OINCHINAWASAPPROXIMATELY69BILLIONTONSOFEQUIVALENTWEIGHTOFCO2,AMONGWHICH,565BILLIONTONSWASCO2,900MILLIONTONSWASCH4AND360MILLIONTONSWASN2OTHETOTALPROPORTIONOFTHEEMISSIONVOLUMEOFCO2ROSEFROM756IN1994TO819IN2005CO2EMISSIONSFROMFOSSILFUELSINCHINAACCOUNTFORABOUT18OFT

25、HEWORLDTOTALCO2EMISSIONSFROMBURNINGFOSSILFUELSINCHINAWERE473BILLIONTONSIN2004,816OFTHATINTHEUSAAND43TIMESASMUCHASININDIA,ACCOUNTINGFOR178OFTHETOTAL266BILLIONTONSWORLDWIDECO2EMISSIONSFROMBURNINGFOSSILFUELSINCHINAROSEFROM109IN1990TO178IN2004ITISESTIMATEDTHATCHINAMIGHTOVERTAKETHEUSATOBETHELARGESTCO2EMI

26、TTERINTHEWORLDIN2007CO2EMISSIONPERUNITOFPRIMARYENERGYINCHINAISRISING,ANDIS24HIGHERTHANTHEWORLDAVERAGEASCARBONCONTENTANDCOMBUSTIONEFFICIENCYVARIESGREATLYINDIFFERENTENERGYSOURCES,DIFFERENTENERGYSTRUCTURESCANBEDISTINGUISHEDINCO2EMISSIONSCO2EMITTEDPERUNITOFPRIMARYENERGYINCHINAWAS294TONSPERTONPETROLEUM,2

27、4ABOVETHEWORLDAVERAGEOF237TONSCO2/TONPETROLEUM,18HIGHERTHANINTHEUSA249TONSCO2/TONPETROLEUMAND152TIMESTHATOFINDIA193TONSCO2/TONPETROLEUMFROM1990TO2004,THEINTENSITYOFCO2EMISSIONSFROMPRIMARYENERGYCONSUMPTIONGREWBY129INCHINA,WHILEITDECLINEDBY07INTHEUSATHEDEVELOPMENTHISTORYANDTENDENCYOFALLCOUNTRIESINDICA

28、TESTHATPERCAPITACO2EMISSIONSANDPERCAPITAENERGYCONSUMPTIONARECLOSELYRELATEDTOECONOMICGROWTHATTHECURRENTTECHNICALLEVELANDINTHECONSUMPTIONMODE,REACHINGTHEDEVELOPMENTLEVELOFINDUSTRIALIZEDCOUNTRIESREQUIRESTHATTHEPERCAPITAENERGYCONSUMPTIONANDPERCAPITACO2EMISSIONREACHVERYHIGHLEVELSTHEREISNOWORLDPRECEDENTFO

29、RLOWPERCAPITAENERGYCONSUMPTIONANDCO2EMISSIONSCOMBINEDWITHHIGHPERCAPITAGDPTHEINTERNATIONALCOMMUNITYSNEGOTIATIONSONREDUCTIONANDRESTRICTIONOFGHGEMISSIONSCANNEVERBESIMPLE,ASEACHCOUNTRYISSTRIVINGFORDEVELOPMENTSPACEANDOPTIONSFORDEVELOPMENTPATHWAYSWITHITSLARGEPOPULATIONBASE,CHINASTILLFACESALONGTERMDEVELOPM

30、ENTTASKTOACCOMPLISHITSINDUSTRIALIZATIONANDURBANIZATIONASTHEECONOMYGROWS,ENERGYCONSUMPTIONANDEMISSIONSOFCO2WILLCONTINUETOGROW,SOREDUCTIONANDMITIGATIONOFGHGEMISSIONSISDRIVINGCHINATOEXPLORENEWTYPESOFPRODUCTIONANDCONSUMPTIONZHAO2006CHINAISONEOFTHEFEWREMAININGCOUNTRIESUSINGCOALASITSMAJORENERGYSOURCECOALA

31、CCOUNTEDFOR677OFPRIMARYENERGYCONSUMPTIONINCHINAIN2004,BUTONLY272GLOBALLYINTHESAMEYEARAUNITOFCOALEMITS136TIMESASMUCHCO2ASTHATEMITTEDBYPETROLEUM,AND161TIMESASMUCHASTHATEMITTEDBYNATURALGASADJUSTMENTOFTHEENERGYSTRUCTUREISRESTRAINEDTOSOMEEXTENTBYTHECOMPOSITIONOFAVAILABLEENERGYRESOURCES,ANDIMPROVEMENTOFEN

32、ERGYEFFICIENCYCONFRONTSASCARCITYOFTECHNICALANDFINANCIALRESOURCESTHUS,THE,COALFOCUSEDENERGYRESOURCESTRUCTUREANDCONSUMPTIONSTRUCTUREINCHINACANNOTCHANGEFUNDAMENTALLYINASHORTTIME,FORCINGCHINATOFACEMOREDIFFICULTIESTHANMOREDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESINADJUSTMENTOFTHEENERGYSTRUCTUREANDREDUCTIONOFPERUNITENERGYEMISSI

33、ONSOLDENERGYPRODUCTIONMETHODSANDTECHNOLOGIESINCHINAARETHEMAINBARRIERSLEADINGTOINEFFICIENCYOFENERGYCONSUMPTIONANDHIGHEREMISSIONSOFGHGFURTHERMORE,CHINALAGSBEHINDDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESBYABOUT1015YEARSINENERGYEXPLORATION,SUPPLYANDCONVERSION,ENERGYTRANSMISSIONANDDISTRIBUTIONTECHNIQUES,INDUSTRIALPRODUCTIONTEC

34、HNIQUESANDTERMINALUSETECHNIQUESFOROTHERENERGYSOURCESCONVENTIONALTECHNOLOGIESARETHEMAINSTAYINCHINASKEYINDUSTRIESFOREXAMPLE,PRODUCTIONOFATONOFSTEELCONSUMESBETWEEN700800KGOFSTANDARDCOALLACKOFSOPHISTICATEDTECHNOLOGYANDUSEOFMANYOUTDATEDTECHNIQUESREDUCECHINASENERGYEFFICIENCYBY10COMPAREDWITHDEVELOPEDCOUNTR

35、IESINOTHERWORDS,CHINASUNITENERGYCONSUMPTIONISABOUT40HIGHERTHANTHATOFOTHERDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESDEALINGWITHTHECHALLENGESOFCLIMATECHANGEWILLEVENTUALLYDEPENDONDEVELOPMENTOFNEWTECHNOLOGIESCHINAISCURRENTLYCONSTRUCTINGLARGESCALEINFRASTRUCTUREFORENERGYTRANSFORMATIONANDENERGYEFFICIENTBUILDINGSFAILURETOACQUIREAD

36、VANCEDTECHNOLOGIESBENEFICIALFORREDUCTIONOFGHGWILLLEADCHINATOBEASTILLHIGHERGHGEMITTERFORSEVERALDECADES,WHICH,INTURN,WILLCREATEMORESERIOUSCHALLENGESINHANDLINGCLIMATECHANGEAFTERCHINABECAMEANETPETROLEUMIMPORTERIN1993,ITSIMPORTEDPETROLEUMHASGROWNYEARBYYEARIN2006,CHINASNETANNUALIMPORTOFPETROLEUMEXCEEDED16

37、0MILLIONTONS,ORADEPENDENCYONFOREIGNIMPORTSOFNEARLY50INADDITION,IMPORTOFNATURALGASHASALSORISENDRAMATICALLY,BUTTHISPROMOTESADJUSTMENTOFCHINASENERGYSTRUCTUREANDREDUCESEMISSIONSOFSEVERALPOLLUTANTSANDGHGCONSIDERINGCHINASHUGEENVIRONMENTALPRESSUREINENERGYPRODUCTIONANDCONSUMPTIONANDTHERAPIDGROWTHINENERGYDEM

38、AND,ADJUSTMENTOFENERGYSTRUCTUREANDINCREASEOFHIGHQUALITYENERGYIMPORTSARETWOFURTHERIMPORTANTPATHWAYSTHERAPIDGROWTHOFPETROLEUMANDCOALIMPORTEDBYCHINAWILLIMPOSEGREATCHALLENGESTOCHINASENERGYSECURITYANDALSOINCREASEPRESSUREONINTERNATIONALENERGYMARKETSCHINASDEVELOPMENTPRINCIPLESANDCONCEPTSFORALOWCARBONECONOM

39、YBYREVIEWINGTHEENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONHISTORYOFMAJORCOUNTRIESANDANALYSINGTHEIRENERGYSTRATEGIES,ITCANBESEENTHATENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMSHAVEOCCURREDDURINGDEVELOPMENTINALLCOUNTRIESDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESHAVEUSEDNEWLAWS,REGULATIONSANDECONOMICINSTRUMENTSTORESOLVEPROBLEMSOFDOMESTICENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTION,ECOLOGICA

40、LDESTRUCTIONANDGLOBALCLIMATECHANGEWITHINDUSTRIALIZATION,URBANISATIONANDMODERNIZATION,CHINASCONSUMPTIONOFENERGYWILLCONTINUETOGROWRAPIDLYTHEDEVELOPMENTANDUSEOFENERGYWILLHAVEANINCREASINGIMPACTONTHEECOLOGICALENVIRONMENT,COMPELLINGCHINATOFACEDUALCHALLENGESOFBOTHTRADITIONALENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMSANDCLIMATEC

41、HANGECHINAWILLACHIEVEITSSUSTAINABLEENERGYDEVELOPMENTGOALONLYIFENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONISCENTRALTOITSSTRATEGIES,ANDIFITBUILDSCLEAN,HIGHLYEFFICIENT,ENVIRONMENTALLYFRIENDLYANDBENEFICIALENERGYSYSTEMSAPPROPRIATETOITSECONOMICDEVELOPMENTSTAGESPOLICYTOOLSNOTONLYHELPTOIMPLEMENTALOWCARBONECONOMYBUTALSOTODIVERS

42、IFYANDCOORDINATEPOLICIESCHINAHASSTIPULATEDANDIMPLEMENTEDREGULATIONSANDRULESTOPROMOTEENERGYSAVINGATVARIOUSLEVELSHOWEVER,WESHOULDPROMOTEPARTICIPATIONANDCOOPERATIONOFINTERMEDIATEPOWERS,INCLUDINGINDUSTRIALASSOCIATIONS,CONSULTANTORGANIZATIONS,INVESTMENTCOMPANIES,SCIENTIFICRESEARCHINSTITUTESANDTHEMEDIATOB

43、ETTERCOORDINATERELATIONSBETWEENSTATEOWNEDANDOTHERENTERPRISESCHINASHOULDENDEAVOURTOSENDACLEARMESSAGETOSUCHGROUPSTHROUGHTHECOORDINATIONOFPOLICYTOOLSINORDERTOHELPDECISIONMAKERSTOUNDERSTANDTHECHALLENGESANDOPPORTUNITIESTHATTHELOWCARBONECONOMYWILLBRINGPOLICIESTOPROMOTETHEDEVELOPMENTOFALOWCARBONECONOMYAREG

44、RADUALLYBEINGBROUGHTINTOCHINASNATIONALPLANNINGANDPOLICYANDSHOULDBEIMPLEMENTEDINSTAGES,TOAVOIDLARGEIMPACTSONTHEECONOMYACTIVEANDCONSCIOUSCONSIDERATIONOFLOWCARBONFACTORSINPOLLUTANTCONTROLANDREGULATIONWILLENABLEUSTORESOLVEPROBLEMSOFPOLLUTANTEMISSIONSANDACHIEVELOWCARBONECONOMICGROWTHTHEGENERALCONCEPTOFCH

45、INASLOWCARBONECONOMICDEVELOPMENTMODELISTOACCOMPLISHINDUSTRIALIZATIONBY2020ANDMODEMECONOMICDEVELOPMENTAROUND2050THEPREREQUISITEOFTHISCONCEPTISTOGUARANTEETHECONSTRUCTIONOFABETTEROFFSOCIETYTHROUGHOUTCHINATOACHIEVETHIS,WEMUSTTAKEACTIVEMEASURES,SUCHASREVISIONOFECONOMICANDSOCIALCONSUMPTIONMODELS,DEVELOPME

46、NTANDPOPULARIZATIONOFADVANCEDENERGYSAVINGTECHNOLOGIES,EXPANSIONOFRENEWABLEENERGYANDADVANCEDNUCLEARENERGYTECHNOLOGIES,OPTIMIZATIONOFENERGYSTRUCTUREBYAPPLYINGHIGHEFFICIENCY,CLEANANDLOWCARBONEMISSIONCOALTECHNOLOGIESANDHYDROGENTECHNOLOGY,COMBINEDWITHECOLOGICALENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONTHESEMEASURESWILLACHI

47、EVETHELOWCARBONECONOMYANDGRADUALLYBUILDTHESYSTEMANDMECHANISMFORREDUCTIONOFEMISSIONSOFCO2ANDOTHERGHGJIANGANDYAO2003APPROACHESTOREALIZELOWCARBONECONOMICDEVELOPMENTFORCHINATOACHIEVELOWCARBONECONOMICDEVELOPMENTINCHINA,WESHOULDCONSIDEROURNATIONALSITUATIONANDDEVELOPOURPOTENTIALSINTERMSINTHEAREASDESCRIBEDA

48、BOVEANDTHROUGHINTERNATIONALTECHNOLOGICALANDECONOMICCOOPERATIONASACOALFOCUSEDENERGYCONSUMER,CHINASUFFERSFROMTHERESULTINGCOMPLEXENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMS,WHICHARECONSTANTLYWORSENINGCHINASECOLOGICALENVIRONMENTTOCONSTRUCTANENERGYSAVINGANDENVIRONMENTFRIENDLYSOCIETYANDREVOLUTIONISETHETRADITIONALEXTENSIVEGROWT

49、H,CHINASHOULDOPTIMIZEINDUSTRIALSTRUCTURESANDACTIVELYDEVELOPHIGHVALUEADDEDANDENVIRONMENTALLYFRIENDLYHIGHTECHINDUSTRIESANDSERVICESECTORSDURINGITSINDUSTRIALIZATIONITSHOULDBEEMPHASIZEDTHATREFORMOFTHECHEMICALINDUSTRYANDENCOURAGINGENTERPRISESTOINSTALLANDOPERATEENVIRONMENTALLYFRIENDLYANDENERGYSAVINGEQUIPMENTANDIMPROVEMANAGEMENTANDENERGYCONSUMPTIONEFFICIENCYCANLEADTOALOWCARBONECONOMYLUANDWANG2003CHINASHOULDSPEEDUPDEVELOPMENTOFWATER,NATURALGASANDRENEWABLEENERGYRESOURCESFORTHEHOME,WHILEENCOURAGINGTHESAFEDEVELOPMENTOFNUCLEARPOWERBASEDONCURRENTNATIONALCOALUSAGE,THEBASICENERGYSUPP