中国太阳能热水器行业的现状和相关的国家标准，金太阳计划的认证和测试【外文翻译】.doc

1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目SITUATIONOFCHINASSOLARWATERHEATERINDUSTRY，RELATEDNATIONALSTANDARDS，TESTINGANDTHEGOLDENSUNCERTIFICATIONPROGRAM出处重庆大学学报（英文版）作者YANJUN，HDRUCK，HMULLERSTEINHAGEN原文ABSTRACTCHINAISTHELARGESTSOLARWATERHEATERPRODUCERANDMARKETINTHEWORLDDESPITETHEFASTGROWTHANDANINSTALLEDCAPACITYTHATACCOUNTSFORTHEM

2、AJORITYOFTHEGLOBALGROSS，CHINASPERCAPITASOLARHOTWATERCAPACITYISSTILLVERYLOW，IMPLYINGAHUGEMARGINOFMARKETPOTENTIAL；ANDTHERECOGNITIONOFTHEINDUSTRYINTHEGLOBALMARKETISHANDICAPPEDBYTHESCATTEREDSCALEOFPRODUCTIONANDINCONSISTENTPRODUCTQUALITYTOENSURECONTINUEDGROWTHOFCHINASSOLARWATERHEATINGSWHINDUSTRY，CHINESEG

3、OVERNMENTHASESTABLISHEDASERIESOFNATIONALSWHSTANDARDSTHREENATIONALTESTINGCENTERSANDACERTIFICATIONPROGRAMTOLAYTHEFOUNDATIONFORTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEGOLDENSUNPRODUCTLABELINGSYSTEMCHINAGENERALCERTIFICATIONCENTERCGCDEVELOPEDTHEGOLDENSUNPRODUCTCERTIFICATIONANDLABELINGSYSTEMONAPASS/FAILBASISEVALUATINGWITHESTA

4、BLISHEDCRITERIATHESYSTEMWASDESIGNEDTOHELPMANUFACTURERSACCLIMATETOEXPLICITCONSISTENTREQUIREMENTSANDTOIDENTIFYANDFIXTHEDEFICIENCIESINTHEDESIGNANDEXECUTIONOFTHEPROGRAMITSELFTIMELYREVISIONANDINTEGRATIONOFTHENATIONALSTANDARDSARCRECOMMENDEDTOACCOMMODATETHETESTPROCEDURESANDREQUIREMENTSTONEWTECHNOLOGIESANDT

5、HEEVOLVINGSWHMARKETSTRICTIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEGOLDENSUNCERTIFICATIONANDLABELINGSYSTEMARCSUGGESTEDTOAVAILIMPROVINGTHEQUALITYCONTROLANDFORGINGINTERNATIONALLYREPUTABLEBRANDSOFCHINESESOLARWATERHEATINGPRODUCTSKEYWORDSSOLARWATERHEATERS；SOLARHEATING；RENEWABLEENERGYRESOURCES；NATIONALSTANDARDS；GOLDENSUNCERTIFI

6、CATIONPROGRAM1、INTRODUCTIONSOLARWATERHEATINGSWHISACOSTEFFECTIVE，POLLUTIONFLEETECHNIQUEFORHEATINGWATERWITHINCREASINGINTERESTINUSINGGREENENERGY，SOLARTHERMALSYSTEMSCLAIMMOREATTENTIONIN2006ROOFTOPSOLARHEATCOLLECTORSPROVIDEDHOTWATERTONEARLY50MILLIONHOUSEHOLDSWORLDWIDEEXISTINGSOLARHOTWATERHEATINGCAPACITYI

7、NCREASEDBV19TOREACH105GIGAWATTSTHERMALGWTHGLOBALLYIN2005，THETOTALAREAOFSOLARCOLLECTORSOVERTHEWORLDWAS125KM2,WITHANINCREASEOF14FROMTHEYEAR2004THECORRESPONDINGGLOBALSOLARTHERMALCAPACITYWAS88GWTHCHINAHASBOTHTHEWORLDSLARGESTPRODUCTIONANDMARKETFORSOLARWATERHEATERS，WITHANANNUALPRODUCTIONOF20KM2IN2006AND97

8、KM2CUMULATIVEINSTALLEDCAPACITYOFFLATPLATEANDA11GLASSVACUUMTUBECOLLECTORSATTHEENDOFTHEYEARPRODUCTIONWASALMOST25TIMESHIGHERTHANTHATIN200L82KM2THEPRODUCTIONIN2005OVER10GWTHWASMORETHANFIVETIMESHIGHERTHANEUROPES1ESSMAN2GWTHUPTOAPRIL2007，THEREWEREOVER3000COMPANIESTHATMANUFACTUREDANDDISTRIBUTEDSOLARWATERHE

9、ATINGPRODUCTSINCHINAWITHALLANNUALOUTPUTVALUEOF30BILLIONYUANRMBINANINDUSTRYTHATEMPLOYEDMORETHAN600000PEOPLE2、SOLARWATERHEATINGMARKETINCHINA21DEVELOPMENTTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINASSWHINDUSTRYSTARTEDINTHE1980SANDTHEMARKETWASINITIALLYFOCUSEDONLOWINCOMEFAMILIESINTHECOUNTRYSIDEORINSMALLTOWNSPROVIDINGLOWCOSTHOT

10、WATERFORDOMESTICUSEINPLACESWHEREELECTRICITYORFUELSWEREDEFICIENTORUNAVAILABLETHEMAINTYPESOFCHINASSOLARCOLLECTORSARETHEFLATPLATETHEVACUUMTUBEANDTHECOMBINEDSTORAGETHEVACUUMTUBETYPEISTHEMOSTPOPULAR，OVERTAKINGTHEDOMINANTPLACEOFTHEFLATPLATETYPETHATTOOKUPABOUT70OFTHEMARKETIN1996ANDISUSEDMAINLYINFROSTFREEAR

11、EASINTHESOUTHTHEMARKETFORVACUUMTUBECOLLECTORSGREWVERYQUICKLYFROMTHEYEAR1999ANDITSOONTOOKTHELEADWITHALL85SHAREIN2002THEMAINSWHAPPLICATIONISPROVIDINGDOMESTICHOTWATERABOUT90FORSINGLEHOUSEHOLDSAND10FORSCHOOLS，HOTELS，RESTAURANTSANDINDUSTRYSOLATHERMALFORDOMESTICWATERHEATINGISCONCOMITANTWITHNATURALGASANDEL

12、ECTRICITYINCITIES，ANDCOALANDTRADITIONALBIOMASSINRURALAREASDESPITEITSCOSTADVANTAGE，SWHTAKESUPANURBANMARKETSHAREFARSMALLERTHANNATURALGASBOILERSANDELECTRICWATERHEATERSALARGEMARKETMARGINAWAITSEXPLOITING22CURRENTSTATUSANDPROBLEMSDESPITETHEGLOBALLYLEADINGGROSSCAPACITY，CHINASINSTALLEDSWHCAPACITYPERCAPITAIS

13、VERYSMALLCOUNTRIESHAVINGALARGERPERCAPITAINSTALLEDSWHCAPACITYTHANCHINAINCLUDECYPRUS，ISRAEL，GREECE，AUSTRIA，ETCIN2005，CHINAHADAMARKETPENETRATIONOF6910M2PER100000POPULATIONMORETHAN10TIMESSMALLERTHANCYPRUSIMPLYINGAHUGEMARKETPOTENTIALIF25OFTHEHOUSEHOLDSINCHINAUSESOLARWATERHEATERSTHEINDUSTRYISESTIMATEDTOHA

14、VEAPOTENTIALMARKETOF270KM2GIVENTHISPOTENTIALANDBASEDONSCENARIOSFORCONTINUEDAGGRESSIVEEXPANSIONOFTHESWHMARKETTHENATIONALDEVELOPMENTANDREFORMCOMMISSIONNDRCHASESTABLISHEDTARGETSFORCUMULATIVEINSTALLEDSOLARWATERHEATINGCAPACITIESOF150KM2BY2010AND300KM2BY2020TOACHIEVETHESETARGETS，THECONTINUEDSTRONGGROWTHOF

15、THEMARKETINCHINAMUSTADDRESSSEVERALISSUESFIRSTLY1ESSTHANAHUNDREDOUTOFOVER3000SOLARWATERHEATERMANUFACTURERSINCHINAARECONSIDEREDCOMPETITIVEIN200561COMPANIESPRODUCED90OFTHESWHSYSTEMSMADEINCHINA,ALLOFTHEGLASSVACUUMTUBETYPETHERESTWEREFLATPLATESYSTEMS，MOSTLYOFTHETHERMOSIPHONTYPESECONDLY，MANYMANUFACTURERSAN

16、DDISTRIBUTORSINCHINAHAVEINCONSISTENTQUALITYCONTROLFORTHEIRSWHPRODUCTSPOORQUALITYPRODUCTSHAVENEGATIVEIMPACTONCUSTOMERSINDOMESTICANDFOREIGNMARKETSTHEEUROPEANMARKETISDOUBTFULABOUTTHEQUALITY，0FCHINESESOLARWATERHEATERSBECAUSEOFINFERIORGLASSANDPOORDESIGNATADISADVANTAGECOMPAREDTOTHEPRODUCTSOFTHELEADINGEURO

17、PESCHOTTMANUFACTURERSSCHOTTANDTERMOMAXCONSEQUENTLY，INCHINATHEREHASBEENARENEWEDEMPHASISONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWSTANDARDSFORSWHSYSTEMSANDESTABLISHMENTOFANATIONALTESTINGANDCERTIFICATIONSYSTEMFORSWHPRODUCTSTHEUNITEDNATIONSDEVELOPMENTPROGRAMUNDPANDTHEGLOBALENVIRONMENTFACILITYGEFHAVECOOPERATEDWITHNDRCTOSUPPO

18、RTTHENATIONALSOLARWATERHEATINGSTANDARDS，TESTING，ANDCERTIFICATIONPROGRAMINCHINAFORINDUSTRIALPRODUCTSTHEREISALSOANEMERGINGINTERESTINDEVELOPINGBUILDINGINTEGRATEDSOLARTECHNOLOGIES，DEMONSTRATIONPROJECTS，ANDBUILDINGCODESTOGUIDETHEAPPLICATIONOFSOLARTECHNOLOGIESTHEMINISTRYOFCONSTRUCTIONMANDATESTHEIMPLEMENTA

19、TIONOFTHERENEWABLEENERGYLAW，ISSUEDINFEBRUARY2005TOENCOURAGEBUILDINGINTEGRATIONOFSWHSYSTEMSANDDEVELOPMENTOFRELATEDSTANDARDSANDBUILDINGCODES3、SOLARWATERHEATINGSTANDARDS,TESTING，ANDCERTIFICATIONPROGRAM31SOLARWATERHEATINGSTANDARDSDURINGTHEYEARSFROM2001T02003FOURNATIONALSTANDARDSFORTHESWHINDUSTRYWEREISSU

20、EDGB/TL87082002TESTMETHODSFORTHERMALPERFORMANCEOFDOMESTICSOLARWATERHEATINGSYSTEMS，GB/T187132002SOLARWATERHEATINGSYSTEMSDESIGN,INSTALLATIONANDENGINEERINGACCEPTANCE，GB/T191412003SPECIFICATIONSFORSOLARWATERHEATINGSYSTEMS，ANDGB/TL89742003INDOORTESTMETHODSFORTHETHERMALPERFORMANCEOFSOLARCOLLECTORSTHESESTA

21、NDARDSBORROWEDHEAVILYFROMINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONFORSTANDARDIZATIONIS0ANDEUROPEANNATIONALENSTANDARDSINESTABLISHINGTHESPECIFICATIONSANDPROCEDURESFORPRODUCTTESTSOFSWHSYSTEMS，COMPONENTPERFORMANCETESTSOFFLATPLATEANDVACUUMTUBESYSTEMS，ANDACCEPTANCETESTSOFRELIABILITYBYTHEENDOF200620STANDARDSRELATEDTOSOLAR

22、WATERHEATERSHADBEENDEVELOPED，INCLUDING16NATIONALSTANDARDSAND4TRADESTANDARDSTHESESTANDARDSCOMPLETEDTHEOVERALLFRAMEWORKFORTESTINGMATCOULDSERVEASTHEBASISFORPRODUCTCERTIFICATIONINADDITIONTHEREVISIONOFFOURNATIONALSTANDARDSASSOCIATEDWITHSOLARWATERHEATERSHASBEENINPROCESSSINCEAPRIL2006THEYAREGB/T64241997SPE

23、CIFICATIONFORFLATPLATESOLARCOLLECTORS,GB/T42712000TESTMETHODSFORTHETHERMALPERFORMANCEOFFLATPLATESOLARCOLLECTORS，GB/T175811998VACUUMTUBERSOLARCOLLECTOR，ANDGB/T189742003INDOORTESTMETHODSFORTHETHERMALPERFORMANCEOFSOLARCOLLECTORTHEFOURSTANDARDSWILLBEINTEGRATEDINTOASINGLENEWONECOMPOSEDOFTHREEPARTS1TESTIN

24、GMETHODSFORTHETHERMALPERFORMANCEOFSOLARCOLLECTORS2SPECIFICATIONSFORFLATPLATESOLARCOLLECTORS。AND3SPECIFICATIONSFORVACUUMTUBESOLARCOLLECTORSTHEREVISEDNATIONALSTANDARDSAREEXPECTEDTOHAVEAMAJORINFLUENCEONTHESOLARENERGYUSEINTHECOMINGYEARS32NATIONALSOLARWATERHEATINGTESTINGCENTERSCHINESEGOVERNMENTSETUPTHREE

25、NATIONALSOLARWATERHEATINGTESTCENTERSIN2002THEYAREYUNNANPROVINCIALQUALITYSUPERVISIONANDTESTINGCENTERFORSOLARENERGYPRODUCTSLOCATEDATYUNNANNORMALUNIVERSITYINKUNMINGSOUTHCHINA；HUBEIPROVINCIALANDNATIONALSOLARWATERHEATERSUPERVISIONANDINSPECTIONCENTEROFPRODUCTQUALITYINWUHAN，CENTRALCHINA；ANDNATIONALCENTERFO

26、RQUALITYSUPERVISIONANDTESTINGOFSOLARWATERHEATINGSYSTEMSINBEIJING，NORTHCHINATHECENTERSARETOPROVIDEBOTHSYSTEMTESTINGANDCOMPONENTTESTINGSERVICESBASEDONTHENATIONALSTANDARDFRAMEWORKANDANATIONALCERTIFICATIONPROGRAMTHATUSESTHETESTRESULTSTOVERIFYTHEQUALITYOFSWHPRODUCTSFORTHENATIONALLABELINGPROGRAMTHETHREECE

27、NTERSOPERATEASATEAMWITHSTANDARDTESTINGCAPABILITIESTHEIRTESTINGCAPABILITIESINCLUDETHEFOLLOWING1TESTINGTHESYSTEMTHERMALPERFORMANCEBYUSINGAMULTIPLESYSTEMTESTBEDWITH8TESTSTATIONSANDWITHROOMFORFUTUREEXPANSIONFORSINGLEDAYANDMULTIPLEDAYTESTSOFSYSTEMTHERMALPERFORMANCEANDHEATLOSSCOEFFICIENTOFSTORAGETANKSTEST

28、SAREMOSTLYBYTHESINGLEDAYPROCEDURE；ANDIFNECESSARY，MULTIPLEDAYTESTSCANBEDONEINANYOFTHETHREECENTERS2）TESTINGTHESOLARCOLLECTORTHERMALPERFORMANCEBYUSINGATWOAXISTRACKINGTESTBEDTODETERMINETHESTEADYSTATEEFFICIENCY。EFFECTIVETHERMALCAPACITY，TIMECONSTANT，INCIDENTANGLEMODIFIER，AVERAGEHEATLOSSCOEFFICIENT，ANDINLE

29、TOUTLETPRESSUREDROPOFCOLLECTORSTHEBEDCALLTESTTWOUNITSATATIMEFORFLATPLATEANDGLASSVACUUMTUBECOLLECTORS3TESTINGSYSTEMQUALIFICATIONREGARDINGTHEDURABILITYANDRELIABILITYOFSOLARWATERHEATINGSYSTEMSBYUSINGARIGTOTESTTHEFREEZERESISTANCE，PRESSURERESISTANCE，WATERCONTAMINATION，LIGHTNINGPROTECTION，MECHANICALSTRENG

30、TH，REVERSEFLOWPROTECTION，ANDELECTRICALSAFETYUNDERMECHANICALANDENVIRONMENTALSTRESSES4TESTINGTHECOLLECTORQUALIFICATIONINATWOLOOPTESTBEDBYUSINGONELOOPTOTESTTHEINTERNALTHERMALSHOCKANDPRESSURERESISTANCEANDTHEOTHERLOOPTOTESTTHEEXTERNALSHOCKANDRAINPENETRATION5TESTINGTHETUBETHERMALANDQUALIFICATIONOFALLGLASS

31、VACUUMTUBECOLLECTORSBYMEASURINGTHESOLAREXPOSUREPARAMETER，STAGNATIONSOLARIRRADIATIONAVERAGEHEATLOSSCOEFFICIENT，VACUUMPERFORMANCE，THERMALSHOCK，PRESSURERESISTANCE，ANDMECHANICALIMPACTOFINDIVIDUALTUBES6MATERIALTESTINGBYEXAMININGTHEOPTICALANDTHERMALPROPERTIESOFSOLARMATERIALS33NATIONALCERTIFICATIONANDTHEGO

32、LDENPRODUCTLABELINGPROGRAMCHINAGENERALCERTIFICATIONCENTERCGCINBEIJINGHASBEENCONDUCTINGTHENATIONALPRODUCTCERTIFICATIONANDLABELINGPROGRAMSINCE2003THECENTERISRESPONSIBLEFORTHEOVERALLQUALITYCONTROLANDCOORDINATIONAMONGTHETHREENATIONALSOLARWATERHEATINGTESTCENTERS，REVIEWINGTESTREPORTSANDISSUINGCERTIFICATES

33、ANDLABELSTOMANUFACTURERSCGCDEVELOPEDTHEGOLDENSUNPRODUCTCERTIFICATIONANDLABELINGSYSTEMONAPASS/FAILBASISEVALUATINGWITHESTABLISHEDCRITERIAIN2005。THEPROGRAMHADAPILOTSTARTWITH17LEADINGSOLARWATERHEATERMANUFACTURERSRECOMMENDEDBYTHECHINESERENEWABLEENERGYINDUSTRIESASSOCIATIONANDTHECHINATHERMALAPPLICATIONASSO

34、CIATIONEXECUTEDINCLOSECOOPERATIONWITHTHEMANUFACTURERS，THISTRIALWASARIGOROUSPROGRAMOFASERIESOFLABORATORYTESTSANDFACTORYINSPECTIONSTOINVESTIGATETHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFFACTORYQUALITYCONTROLPROCEDURESANDPRODUCTQUALITYCONFORMITYTOSTIPULATEDCRITERIATHEPROGRAMWASDESIGNEDTONOTONLYHELPMANUFACTURERSACCLIMATETOEXP

35、LICITCONSISTENTREQUIREMENTSBUTALSOTOIDENTIFYANDCORRECTTHEDEFICIENCIESINTHEDESIGNANDEXECUTIONOFTHEPROGRAMITSELF4、CONCLUSIONSCHINAHASTHEWORLDSLARGESTCOMMERCIALMARKETFORSOLARWATERHEATINGSYSTEMS，WHICHCONTINUESTOEXPANDANDISINROBUSTGROWTHTHEMARKETISEVOLVINGWITHTHEINTRODUCTIONOFNEWTECHNOLOGIES，CONSOLIDATIO

36、NOFLEADINGMANUFACTURERSTOESTABLISHAMANUFACTURINGBASEWITHAHIGHGROWTHRATE，ANDTRENDSTOWARDNEWAPPLICATIONSSUCHASBUILDINGINTEGRATEDSYSTEMSCHINESEGOVERNMENTHASBOOSTEDOREXTENDEDPOLICIESTOSUPPORTSWHMARKETGROWTHANDHASFINANCEDTHEADMINISTRATIONANDRESEARCHRESEARCHONSOLARTHERMALUSEHASBEENINCLUDEDINTHELISTOFKEYNA

37、TIONALPRIORITIESOFEVERYFIVEYEARPLANREGULATINGTHISMARKETISCHALLENGINGBUTNECESSARYTOIMPROVEPRODUCTQUALITYANDFORGECONSUMERSCONFIDENCEINDOMESTICANDINTERNATIONALMARKETSCHINAHASESTABLISHEDTHENATIONALSTANDARDSFORTESTINGSOLARWATERHEATINGPRODUCTSANDACERTIFICATIONPROGRAMWHICHHAVEADVANTAGEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEG

38、OLDENSUNCERTIFICATIONANDLABELINGSYSTEMTHEGOLDENSUNPROGRAMISBASEDONAPASS/FAILSYSTEMSIMILARINCONCEPTTOTHEEUROPEANSOLARKEYMARKPROGRAMTHISPROGRAMISDESIGNEDTOEVOLVETOMEETTHEINCREASINGNEEDSOFTHESOLARWATERHEATERMARKETANDISSTILLINITSEARLYSTAGEINMAKINGGREATEFFORTSFORTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOLARWATERHEATINGINDUSTRY，

39、CHINAHASTOFACETHECHALLENGESOFLOWTECHNOLOGICALLEVELSANDLIMITEDECONOMICSTRENGTH，COMMONDISADVANTAGESOFDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESWHENCOMPETINGWITHDEVELOPEDWESTERNCOUNTRIESWESUGGESTTIMELYREVISIONANDINTEGRATIONOFTHENATIONALSTANDARDSTOACCOMMODATETHETESTPROCEDURESANDREQUIREMENTSTONEWTECHNOLOGIESANDEVOLVINGSOLARWAT

40、ERHEATINGMARKETSTHEGOLDENSUNCERTIFICATIONANDLABELINGSYSTEMSHOULDBESTRICTLYIMPLEMENTEDTOIMPROVETHEQUALITYOFSOLARWATERHEATINGPRODUCTSCHINAGENERALCERTIFICATIONCENTERCGCSHOULDMAKEPOSITIVEEFFORTSTOPROMOTETECHNICALINNOVATIONSINTHEINDUSTRIALSECTOR，ANDHELPTOFORGEINTERNATIONALLYREPUTABLEBRANDSOFCHINESESOLARW

41、ATERHEATERSCHINESEGOVERNMENTHASINCORPORATEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOLARWATERHEATINGTECHNOLOGIESASAMAJORCONTRIBUTORTOITSLONGTERMTARGETSOFRENEWABLEENERGYPLAN，ANDWILLCONTINUETOPROVIDESUPPORTFORTHISMARKETSECTORCGCISEXPECTINGTHEGOLDENSUNPROGRAMTOEVOLVEINTOTOANENERGYLABELINGSYSTEMINTHEFUTURE本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目SITUATI

42、ONOFCHINASSOLARWATERHEATERINDUSTRY，RELATEDNATIONALSTANDARDS，TESTINGANDTHEGOLDENSUNCERTIFICATIONPROGRAM出处重庆大学学报（英文版）作者YANJUN，HDRUCK，HMULLERSTEINHAGEN译文中国太阳能热水器行业的现状和相关的国家标准，金太阳计划的认证和测试摘要中国是世界上最大的太阳能热水器生产国和世界市场。尽管中国的太阳能热水器在全世界的装机容量总量中快速增长，但中国人均太阳能热水容量的水平还很低，这意味着中国有着巨大的市场潜力；由于生产规模的分散和产品质量的不一致使中国的热水器并没得

43、到世界市场的认可。为确保中国太阳能热水器（SWH）行业的持续增长，中国政府已建立了一系列国家太阳能热水器标准。三个国家检测中心，奠定了发展中国金太阳产品标签制度的基础。中国认证中心（CGC）制定了金太阳产品认证和标识制度的标准与评估基准。该系统旨在帮助制造商以明确的一致要求，适应新环境，并找出并解决在设计和执行程序本身的缺陷，及时修订和国家标准整合弧建议，以适应新的测试程序和技术要求，并不断发展的太阳能热水器市场。严格执行金太阳认证标签制度提高质量锻造国际认可的中国品牌热水器供暖设备。关键词太阳能热水器太阳能采暖可再生资源国家标准金太阳认证计划一、简介因太阳能热水器是一个具有成本效益，无污染的

44、，通过技术转变太阳能的绿色能源而越来越被广泛关注。在2006年，就屋顶的太阳能集热器为全球50万家庭提供热水，全球现有的太阳能热水器的加热能力提高了19达到105亿瓦热（GWTH）。在2005年，世界各地的太阳能集热器总面积为125平方公里，比2004年增长了14，全球相应的太阳能热容量增加为88亿瓦热（GWTH）。中国同时拥有世界上最大的太阳能热水器生产地与市场，从2006年起，年产20平方公里。在年底累计安装的A11玻璃真空集热管和平板的装机容量为97平方公里。比2001年几乎高出25倍（82平方公里）。在2005年的产量（超过10GWTH）比同时期欧洲产量人均2GWTH高五倍以上。截止2

45、007年4月，中国拥有超过3万个分散的生产地，雇佣工人超过60万人，产值达到30亿人民币。二、中国的太阳能热水器市场（一）发展中国的热水器产业的发展起步于20世纪80年代，市场最初是集中在低收入的农村家庭或小镇，主要是在这些缺乏或无法使用电力和燃料的地方提供低成本的热水。中国的太阳能集热器的主要类型是，平板的真空管和组合式存储。真空管类型是最流行的，超过了平板型为主的地方，在1996年占据了约70市场，主要用于南部的无霜地区市场，从1999年，真空集热管增长速度非常迅速，在2002年以85的市场份额领跑。太阳能热水器的应用，90主要是提供约给单户而只有10提供给学校，宾馆，餐馆和的国内产业。在

46、城镇中一般的生活用水的能量是靠天然气和电力来提供的，在农村中则主要是靠煤炭和传统的生物质能来供热的。由于这些成本优势，使太阳能热水器在城市市场占有份额中远远低于天然气锅炉和电热水器市场，所以一个巨大的热水器市场有待开发。（二）现状和问题尽管有着全球领先的总容量，中国的人均太阳能热水器安装量是非常小的国家，人均拥有安装容量比中国太阳能热水器的安装容量大的国家有，包括塞浦路斯，以色列，希腊，奥地利，等等。在2005年，中国每10万人有6910平方米的市场渗透超过了塞浦路斯10倍以上。这意味着一个巨大的市场潜力。如果在中国25的家庭使用太阳能热水器，业内人士估计这将会有一个270平方千米的潜在市场，

47、鉴于这种潜力和基础，国家发改委制定了关于太阳能热水器市场的持续侵略和扩张目标，在2010年累计安装太阳能供热能力达到150平方公里和2020年达到300平方公里。为了实现这些目标，中国要保持市场的持续强劲增长必须解决下面几个问题。首先，在中国这些被认为生产规模超过3000的才具有竞争力的太阳能热水器生产商只有不到百家。2005年，61家公司生产了90的玻璃真空管式太阳能热水器，其余的10为热虹吸式的平板式系统热水器。第二，很多厂家和经销商对他们的太阳能热水器的质量控制不一样，质量差的产品对客户和国内外市场上产生了负面影响。欧洲市场对于质量要求很高，因为中国热水器的生产用劣质玻璃和差的设计在和欧

48、洲另外两家热水生产商SCHOTT和TERMOMAX竞争中处于不利地位。因此，在中国建立一个新的太阳能热水器标准系统和国家测试认证系统成为了一个新的重点。国家发改委与联合国发展计划（UNDP）和全球环境基金（GEF）进行了合作，以支持国家建立国内太阳能热水器行业的标准，检测和认证方案。也有引导新兴的太阳能技术在建筑一体化，示范项目，建筑规范上的应用。具体情况根据可再生资源法而定，2005年2月颁布，鼓励建设太阳能热水器系统及相关标准和建筑规范发展相结合。三、太阳能热水标准，测试和认证计划（一）太阳能热水器标准从2003年到2004年，发行了太阳能热水器行业的4项国家标准对家用太阳能热水系统热性能

49、试验方法GB/T187082002，太阳能热水系统设计，安装及工程验收GB/T187132002，太阳能热水系统规格GB/T191412003，和太阳能集热器热性能室内试验方法GB/T189742003。借鉴国际标准化组织（ISO）和欧洲国家（EN）经验为太阳热水器系统，平板式和真空管系统组件的性能测试和验收测试产品的可靠性试验建立规范的程序，标准。到2006年底，有关太阳能热水器20标准已经制定，其中包括16个国家标准和4个行业标准。这些标准完成了测试垫可以作为产品认证的基础上的总体框架。此外，对太阳能热水器的相关四项国家标准的修订工作已在2006年4月提上日程。他们是平板太阳能集热器的规格GB/T64241997，试验的平板式太阳能集热器热性能的方法GB/T42712000，真空太阳集热块茎GB/T175811998，和为太阳能集热器热性能室内试验方法GB/T189742003。这四个标准将被整合成一个单一的新的三部分1）为太阳集热器热性能试验方法。2）平板型太阳能集热器的规格。3）真空太阳能集热管规格。经修订的国家标