综合管理和体制一体化：水资源在英国的潜在空间规划【外文翻译】.doc

1、原文INTEGRATEDWATERRESOURCEMANAGEMENTANDINSTITUTIONALINTEGRATIONREALISINGTHEPOTENTIALOFSPATIALPLANNINGINENGLANDSUEKIDD,DAVESHAWABSTRACTTHISPAPEREXPLORESTHEVARIOUSDIMENSIONSOFINTEGRATIONTHATNEEDCONSIDERATIONINDEVELOPINGAPPROPRIATEINSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENTSFORINTEGRATEDWATERRESOURCEMANAGEMENTIWRM,DRAWING

2、UPONBOTHIWRMANDSPATIALPLANNINGSOURCESASARESULT,AFRAMEWORKOFINTEGRATIONINIWRMISSETOUTTHISISTHENUSEDTOCONSIDERTHESTRENGTHSANDWEAKNESSESOFTHENEWSPATIALPLANNINGSYSTEMINENGLAND,ANDITSPOTENTIALTOCONTRIBUTETOIWRMACTIVITIESTHATAREBEINGDEVELOPED,PARTLYINRESPONSETOTHEEUROPEANUNIONWATERFRAMEWORKDIRECTIVEFROMTH

3、ISANALYSISITISARGUEDTHAT,TAKENOVERALL,SPATIALPLANNINGISWELLPLACEDTOMEETTHESECHALLENGESANDITCOULDINFACTPLAYAMUCHMORECENTRALROLETHANISCURRENTLYENVISAGEDANALTERNATIVEMODELFORIWRMINENGLANDISSETOUTWHICHSEESTHENEWRIVERBASINMANAGEMENTPLANSASINTEGRAL,RATHERTHANPARALLEL,TOTHESPATIALPLANNINGSYSTEMKEYWORDSINTE

4、GRATEDWATERRESOURCEMANAGEMENT,SPATIALPLANNING,INTEGRATEDPLANNINGANDMANAGEMENT,WATERFRAMEWORKDIRECTIVE1INTRODUCTIONINITSRESOLUTION58/217,THEGENERALASSEMBLYOFTHEUNITEDNATIONSUNDECLARED200515ASTHEINTERNATIONALDECADEFORACTIONWATERFORLIFEUN2005THISEMPHASISONWATERININTERNATIONALAFFAIRSREFLECTSAGROWINGGLOB

5、ALRECOGNITION,GALVANISEDATTHEWORLDSUMMITONSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTWSSDINJOHANNESBURGIN2002,OFTHEKEYPARTTHATBETTERMANAGEMENTOFWATERRESOURCESMUSTPLAYINMOVINGTOWARDSMORESUSTAINABLEPATTERNSOFDEVELOPMENTASKLAUSTOEPFER,EXECUTIVEDIRECTOROFTHEUNITEDNATIONSENVIRONMENTPROGRAMMECOMMENTED,THEWSSDHIGHLIGHTEDTHATWA

6、TERISNOTONLYTHEMOSTBASICOFNEEDS,BUTISALSOATTHECENTREOFSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTWATERISINTIMATELYLINKEDTOHEALTH,AGRICULTURE,ENERGYANDBIODIVERSITYWITHOUTPROGRESSONWATER,REACHINGTHEOTHERUNITEDNATIONSMILLENNIUMDEVELOPMENTGOALSWILLBEDIFFICULT,IFNOTIMPOSSIBLEGLOBALWATERPARTNERSHIPGWP2004,6ITISINTHISCONTEXTTH

7、ATTHEUN2005,THEEUROPEANUNIONTHROUGHTHEWATERFRAMEWORKDIRECTIVECOMMISSIONOFTHEEUROPEANCOMMUNITIESCEC2000GRIFFITHS2002VANDERBRUGGEANDROTMANS2006ANDMANYINDIVIDUALNATIONSTATESGWP2003ARENOWEXPLORINGHOWTHEYMIGHTEMBRACETHEPRINCIPLESOFINTEGRATEDWATERRESOURCEMANAGEMENTIWRMINEFFORTSTOCAREFORTHEWATERENVIRONMENT

8、INAMOREEFFECTIVEMANNER2THEDIMENSIONSOFINTEGRATIONINIWRMAUSEFULSTARTINGPOINTFORCONSIDERINGTHEDIMENSIONSOFINTEGRATIONINIWRMISAPAPERBYJONCHCLAUSENANDFUGL2001THISSUGGESTSTHATINTEGRATIONISSUESFALLINTOTWOCLASSESTHOSERELATEDTOTHENATURALSYSTEM,WHICHDETERMINETHEAVAILABILITYANDQUALITYOFWATERRESOURCES,ANDTHOSE

9、RELATEDTOTHEHUMANSYSTEM,WHICHSHAPERESOURCEUSE,WASTEPRODUCTIONANDPOLLUTIONOFTHERESOURCEASIMILARDIVISIONISPROMOTEDBYTHEGWP2004ALTHOUGHITMIGHTAPPEARTHATINTEGRATIONISSUESRELATEDTOTHEHUMANSYSTEMWOULDBEOFMOSTSIGNIFICANCETOTHEINSTITUTIONALFOCUSOFTHISPAPER,ITISARGUEDTHATANUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEINTEGRATEDNATUREO

10、FTHENATURALSYSTEMISAPREREQUISITEFORTHEDEVELOPMENTOFWATERSENSITIVEINSTITUTIONALSTRUCTURESANDACTIVITIESANDISTHEREFOREOFRELEVANCEHEREJONCHCLUSENANDFUGL2000ANDGWP2004IDENTIFYFIVEDIMENSIONSOFINTEGRATIONINTHENATURALSYSTEMTHATSHOULDBEREFLECTEDINIWRMGOVERNANCETHEDIMENSIONSAREINTEGRATIONOFLANDANDWATERMANAGEM

11、ENTINCLUDINGGREENWATER,IEWATERUSE,STORAGEANDTRANSPIRATIONOFSOILSANDVEGETATIONANDBLUEWATER,IEEXTRACTABLESURFACEWATERANDGROUNDWATERINTEGRATIONOFSURFACEWATERANDGROUNDWATERMANAGEMENTINTEGRATIONOFQUANTITYANDQUALITYINCLUDINGWATERANDWASTEWATERINWATERRESOURCEMANAGEMENTINTEGRATIONOFUPSTREAMANDDOWNSTREAMWATER

12、RELATEDINTERESTSINTEGRATIONOFFRESHWATERANDCOASTALZONEMANAGEMENTTHESEISSUES,RELATEDTOTHEECOLOGICALFUNCTIONINGOFTHENATURALSYSTEM,BEGINTODEFINETHEDIMENSIONSOFINTEGRATIONTHATNEEDTOBECONSIDEREDINTHEHUMANSYSTEMITISINTHISSECONDAREATHATTHISPAPERSUGGESTSTHATTHETHEORYOFINTEGRATIONINIWRMCOULDBENEFITFROMANEXAMI

13、NATIONOFEXPERIENCEINRELATEDSECTORSTHESEINCLUDESPATIALPLANNING,WHICHISCURRENTLYEXPERIENCINGARENAISSANCEANDHASBEENIDENTIFIEDASAKEYCOMPONENTOFTHESYSTEMOFWATERGOVERNANCEFORENGLANDTABLE2ANDELSEWHEREDEFINITIONSOFSPATIALPLANNINGTENDTOEMPHASISETWOCENTRALFEATURESTEWDWRJONESANDWILLIAMS2001HEALEY2004SCHN2005TH

14、EFIRSTRELATESTOTHESPATIALORGANISATIONOFSOCIETIESTHISENCOMPASSESBOTHSTATICELEMENTSSUCHASTHELOCATIONOFPHYSICALSTRUCTURESANDPROTECTIONOFSPECIALPLACESFROMAIWRMPERSPECTIVETHISMIGHTINCLUDEISSUESSUCHASTHELOCATIONOFRESERVOIRSANDSEWERAGEINFRASTRUCTUREANDTHEDEFINITIONOFGROUNDWATERPROTECTIONAREASANDACONCERNFOR

15、MOVEMENTANDFLOWSBETWEENDIFFERENTACTIVITIESANDTERRITORIESSUCHASTHEIMPACTOFBUILTDEVELOPMENTINANUPPERCATCHMENTONPEAKWATERFLOWSDOWNSTREAMTHESECONDRELATESTOPOLICYCOHERENCEAMONGTHEVARIETYOFAUTHORITIESANDAGENCIESTHATMAYNEEDTOTAKEDECISIONSWITHSPATIALIMPLICATIONSALLMENDINGERANDTEWDWRJONES2006NADIN2007THESEAR

16、CHFORAMOREINTEGRATEDFORMOFPLANNINGUNDERLIESBOTHTHESEFEATURESTHESECONCERNSCLEARLYRESONATESTRONGLYWITHIWRMPERSPECTIVES3SPATIALPLANNINGANDIWRMINTEGRATIONRELATEDTOTHENATURALSYSTEMASOUNDUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEDIMENSIONSOFINTEGRATIONRELATEDTOTHENATURALSYSTEMISAPREREQUISITEFORINSTITUTIONSTOCONTRIBUTEINANEFFECTI

17、VEWAYTOIWRMWITHOUTTHISUNDERSTANDING,INSTITUTIONALRESPONSESMAYBEPARTIALORMISPLACEDANINSIGHTINTOTHEINTELLECTUALUNDERPINNINGSOFTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENIWRMANDSPATIALPLANNINGCANBEDERIVEDBYEXAMININGGOVERNMENTPLANNINGGUIDANCEONWATERRELATEDMATTERSTHISPROVIDESTHEFORMALBASISFORTHEDELIVERYOFSPATIALPLANNINGRESPO

18、NSIBILITIESBYGOVERNMENTANDPLANNINGAUTHORITIESINENGLAND4SPATIALPLANNINGANDIWRMSECTORALINTEGRATIONASHASALREADYBEENEXPLAINED,SECTORALINTEGRATIONORTHEINTEGRATIONOFWATERMANAGEMENTWITHOTHERSPHERESOFPUBLICPOLICYANDACROSSPUBLIC,PRIVATE,ANDVOLUNTARYDIVISIONSLIESATTHEHEARTOFIWRMTHISINTEGRATIONCATEGORYINCLUDES

19、BOTHCROSSSECTORALINTEGRATIONANDINTERAGENCYINTEGRATIONDIMENSIONSINTERMSOFCROSSSECTORALINTEGRATION,THEDISCUSSIONOFSPATIALPLANNINGGUIDANCESETOUTABOVECLEARLYDEMONSTRATESARECOGNITIONBYGOVERNMENTANDPLANNINGPRACTITIONERSOFTHENEEDTOENGAGEWITHWATERMANAGEMENTMATTERSTHISUNDERSTANDINGDATESBACKMANYYEARS,BUTITISA

20、PPARENTTHATTHESIGNIFICANCEPLACEDONEFFECTIVEINTEGRATIONHASINCREASEDINRECENTTIMESTHISREFLECTSANUMBEROFFACTORSTHESEINCLUDETHEIMPACTOFMAJORFLOODINGEVENTSWHITEANDHOWE2003AGROWINGAPPRECIATIONOFTHEDEVELOPMENTIMPLICATIONSOFCLIMATECHANGEINTERMSOFRISINGSEALEVELS,INCREASEDRISKOFFLOODINGANDWATERSHORTAGEODPM2004

21、DINCREASINGPROMINENCEOFSUSTAINABILITYCONSIDERATIONSWITHINPLANNINGANDINPARTICULARTHENEWFOCUSUPONLIVINGWITHINENVIRONMENTALLIMITSODPM2005BANDAGREATEREMPHASISONINTEGRATIONMOREGENERALLYWITHINTHENEWSPATIALPLANNINGSYSTEMKIDD2007IMPORTANTLY,EFFORTSTOPROMOTEINTEGRATIONINSPATIALPLANNINGGUIDANCEARECOMPLEMENTED

22、BYTHEACTIVITIESOFDEFRAANDEAINUNDERTAKINGTHEIRWATERMANAGEMENTACTIVITIESEGDEFRA2004EA2006SOINMANYRESPECTSITCANBECONCLUDEDTHATTHEREISALREADYINPLACEASTRONGBASISFOREFFECTIVECROSSSECTORALINTEGRATIONHOWEVER,DESPITETHISAPPARENTLYPOSITIVEPOSITION,ITCANBEARGUEDTHATTHEPOTENTIALSIGNIFICANCEOFSPATIALPLANNINGINIW

23、RMACTIVITIESINENGLANDISSTILLVERYMUCHUNDERPLAYEDTHISISACENTRALTHEMEINTHERTPISRESPONSE2006TOTHEDRAFTRIVERBASINPLANNINGGUIDANCEISSUEDBYDEFRA2005ATHERTPICRITICISETHEDRAFTGUIDANCEFORSEEINGTHEPREPARATIONOFTHENEWRBMPSASSTARTINGWITHACLEANSHEET,SEEMINGLYSEPARATEDFROM,ANDTAKINGPRECEDENCEOVER,OTHERPLANSANDSTRA

24、TEGIESAFFECTINGRIVERBASINDISTRICTSINCLUDINGRSSSANDLDFSNOTONLYDOTHERTPICONSIDERTHISTOBEANUNREALISTICEXPECTATION,THEYALSOREGARDITASAFAILURETORECOGNISETHECOINCIDENCEOFINTERESTSBETWEENTHETWOSYSTEMSANDTHEPOTENTIALFORSPATIALPLANNINGTOBEAKEYTOOLFORIMPLEMENTINGWFDREQUIREMENTSTHESPATIALPLANNINGSYSTEMHASWELLE

25、STABLISHEDPROCESSESFORPOLITICALANDCOMMUNITYENDORSEMENTANDINDEPENDENTREVIEWTHROUGHTHEPLANNINGINSPECTORATE,ASWELLASSIGNIFICANTPOWERSOFIMPLEMENTATIONITISUNLIKELYTHATTHERBMPS,EVENWITHTHESTATUTORYBACKINGOFTHEWFD,WILLBEABLETOREPLICATETHEDEMOCRATICACCOUNTABILITY,POLITICALSUPPORTANDIMPLEMENTATIONPOTENTIALOF

26、THESPATIALPLANNINGSYSTEMITTHEREFORESEEMSONLYSENSIBLEANDCOSTEFFECTIVETOHARNESSTHEPOTENTIALOFSPATIALPLANNINGTODELIVERIWRMOBJECTIVESSUPPORTFORTHISLINEOFARGUMENTCANALSOBEDERIVEDFROMANEXAMINATIONOFINTERAGENCYINTEGRATIONISSUES,WHEREITCANBESEENTHATTHEPLANNINGSYSTEMHASWELLESTABLISHEDANDFORMALISEDRELATIONSHI

27、PSWITHMANYOFTHEKEYPUBLIC,PRIVATEANDVOLUNTARYSECTORACTORSINWATERMANAGEMENT,INCLUDINGTHEWATERCOMPANIESANDAMULTIPLICITYOFGROUPSWITHWATERRELATEDINTERESTSEGODPM2004BTHEREISCLEARLYANOPPORTUNITYFORSPATIALPLANNINGTOBUILDUPONTHESERELATIONSHIPSINORDERTOPLAYAMOREACTIVEROLEINWATERMANAGEMENTAFFAIRSHOWEVER,IFTHIS

28、TOBETHECASE,THEWEIGHTGIVENTOTHESEWATERRELATEDINTERESTSINSPATIALPLANNINGWOULDNEEDTOBEENHANCEDANDBROUGHTINLINE,FOREXAMPLE,WITHTHATGIVENTOHOUSINGANDECONOMICDEVELOPMENTINTERESTSSEEDISCUSSIONONSTRATEGICINTEGRATIONBELOW5SPATIALPLANNINGANDIWRMTERRITORIALINTEGRATIONTERRITORIALINTEGRATION,ORTHEINTEGRATIONOFW

29、ATERRELATEDPOLICIESACROSSTERRITORIALDIVIDES,ISTHESECONDCATEGORYOFINTEGRATIONINTHEHUMANSYSTEMANDTHISENCOMPASSESBOTHVERTICALANDHORIZONTALINTEGRATIONDIMENSIONSVERTICALINTEGRATION,ORPOLICYCOHERENCEACROSSSPATIALSCALES,ISPARTICULARLYIMPORTANTTOSPATIALPLANNINGINENGLANDGIVENTHESTRONGHIERARCHICALNATUREOFTHEN

30、EWSYSTEMITISEVIDENTTHATSUCHANAPPROACHHASSTRENGTHSANDWEAKNESSESINRELATIONTOIWRMONTHEPOSITIVESIDE,ASALREADYMENTIONED,GOVERNMENTGUIDANCEISPROVIDINGINCREASINGLYSTRONGSUPPORTFORLINKAGEBETWEENSPATIALPLANNINGANDWATERMANAGEMENTANDREQUIRESTHENEWRSSSANDLDFSTOREFLECTTHISPOSITIONTHEINTRODUCTIONOFTHESTATUTORYREG

31、IONALPLANNINGDOCUMENTS,THERSSS,WITHWHICHTHELOWERTIERLDFSMUSTCONFORM,MUSTALSOBESEENASAPOSITIVEDEVELOPMENTTHISGIVESMUCHSTRONGERWEIGHTTOREGIONALPLANNINGPERSPECTIVES,WHICHSHOULDHELPTOFACILITATEINTERACTIONWITHTHENEWRBMPS,WHICHWILLRELATETOASIMILARSCALEOFADMINISTRATIVEUNITTHEREARETOBE10RIVERBASINDISTRICTSI

32、NENGLANDANDWALESDEFRA2005A,WHICHCOMPARESTOEIGHTRSSREGIONSINENGLAND,PLUSLONDONANDWALESWHICHHAVESEPARATE,BUTPARALLEL,SPATIALPLANNINGARRANGEMENTSFIGURE3ALTHOUGHTHECONNECTIONBETWEENRBMPSANDTHERSSSISASYETILLDEFINEDRTPI2006ITSEEMSENTIRELYPOSSIBLETHATACONSTRUCTIVERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHETWOCOULDBEDEVISEDIFTH

33、ISISACHIEVED,THERSSSCANPROVIDETHEKEYTOEFFECTIVEHORIZONTALINTEGRATIONINSPATIALPLANNINGACTIVITYRELATEDTOIWRM,ASTHEYCOULDREQUIRELOCALPLANNINGAUTHORITIESTOALIGNTHEIRACTIVITIESWITHTHECONCERNSOFTHEWIDERRIVERBASINRUNNINGPARALLELWITHTHESEPOSITIVEFEATURES,THEREISAMAJORGAPINTHECURRENTPATTERNOFTERRITORIALINTEG

34、RATIONINSPATIALPLANNINGTHISRELATESTOTHEABSENCEOFANATIONALSPATIALSTRATEGYWONG2002ANDMEANSTHATKEYDECISIONSRELATEDTOTHEDISTRIBUTIONOFDEVELOPMENTINENGLANDFALLOUTSIDETHEREMITOFPLANNINGGUIDANCEANDTHEREQUIREMENTFORCONSULTATION,INDEPENDENTSCRUTINYANDSUSTAINABILITYASSESSMENTTHATISAFEATUREOFRSSSANDLDFSAPROMIN

35、ENTEXAMPLEOFTHEPOTENTIALLYADVERSEIMPLICATIONSOFTHISSITUATIONFROMANIWRMPERSPECTIVEISTHEDESIGNATIONBYGOVERNMENTOFTHETHAMESGATEWAYANDTHECAMBRIDGECORRIDORASGROWTHZONESTHESEAREASWILLACCOMMODATEMANYTHOUSANDSOFNEWHOMESANDECONOMICDEVELOPMENTOVERTHENEXTFEWYEARS,RAISINGMAJORCONCERNSABOUTFLOODRISKANDWATERSTRES

36、SINSOMEQUARTERSHOWEANDWHITE20046SPATIALPLANNINGANDIWRMORGANISATIONALINTEGRATIONINORDERTOFACILITATESECTORALANDTERRITORIALINTEGRATIONRELATEDTOIWRM,ARANGEOFORGANISATIONALINTEGRATIONMATTERSALSONEEDTOBEADDRESSEDTHESERELATETOSTRATEGIC,OPERATIONALANDDISCIPLINARY/STAKEHOLDERINTEGRATIONDIMENSIONSSTRATEGICINT

37、EGRATIONINVOLVESMAKINGSURETHATAPPROPRIATELINKAGESTOWATERRESOURCEMANAGEMENTOBJECTIVESAREMADEINRELATEDSTRATEGIESANDPLANSINRELATIONTOSPATIALPLANNINGTHISMEANSENSURINGTHATGOVERNMENTGUIDANCESUPPORTINGIWRMANDTHESCOPEOFFEREDBYTHENEWSPATIALPLANNINGSYSTEMTOMOREEFFECTIVELYADDRESSCOMPLEXENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTI

38、SSUESISTAKENUPBYPLANNINGAUTHORITIESINTHEIRPLANMAKINGACTIVITIESTHEREISNODOUBTTHATPASTPERFORMANCEINTHISAREAHASBEENVARIABLEHOWEVER,THEREAREMANYEXAMPLESOFGOODPRACTICEANDINNOVATIONWHICHILLUSTRATETHEABILITYOFTHESPATIALPLANNINGSYSTEMTOPLACEWATERMANAGEMENTATTHECENTREOFPLANNINGFORCOMMUNITIESIFITCARESTODOSOTH

39、ESEINCLUDETHEDESIGNATIONOFTHEBLUERIBBONNETWORKINTHELONDONPLANANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFASSOCIATEDPOLICIESPINCHANDMUNT2002GREATERLONDONAUTHORITY2004ANDARANGEOFLDFINITIATIVESTAKENBYLEEDSCITYCOUNCILLCC,INCLUDINGANAREAACTIONPLANFORTHEAIREVALLEYLCC2006A,ASUPPLEMENTARYPLANNINGDOCUMENTRELATEDTOSUSTAINABLEDRAINAGE

40、LCCUNDATEDANDBIODIVERSITYANDWATERFRONTDEVELOPMENTLCC2006BITCANBEANTICIPATED,HOWEVER,THATDEVELOPMENTOFINNOVATIVEWATERSENSITIVESPATIALSTRATEGIESANDPLANSMAYTAKETIMETOBEREALISED,ASATPRESENTPLANNERSINMANYAREASARESTILLSTRUGGLINGTOCOMETOTERMSWITHTHEADDITIONALDEMANDSOFTHENEWSPATIALPLANNINGSYSTEMANDITSFOCUSU

41、PONSPEEDYPLANPREPARATIONINADDITION,THEIRABILITYTORESPONDEFFECTIVELYTOIWRMCONCERNSMAYBECOMPROMISEDBYTHEDIFFERINGWEIGHTGIVENTODIFFERENTASPECTSOFPUBLICPOLICYBYGOVERNMENTANDLOCALPOLITICIANSINTHISCONTEXTITISINTERESTINGTONOTETHAT,ATPRESENT,PPS11SETSTHEREGIONALECONOMICSTRATEGYANDREGIONALHOUSINGSTRATEGYINAF

42、IRSTTIEROFREQUIREDALIGNMENTINRSSSAHEADOFOTHERSTRATEGIESODPM2004B,SUCHASTHOSERELATEDTOENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTFORSPATIALPLANNINGTOREALISEITSFULLPOTENTIALINRELATIONTOIWRMITWOULDSEEMTHATTHESPECIALSTATUSGIVENTOTHISLIMITEDGROUPOFPLANSSHOULDBEREVIEWED本科毕业论文外文翻译译文综合管理和体制一体化水资源在英国的潜在空间规划摘要本文探讨了在水资源综合管理的适当体制安

43、排（水资源综合管理）上对一体化发展的需要。经水资源综合管理和空间规划图两个来源考虑各方面问题。因此，在水资源综合管理的集成框架。这是当时曾认为的优势和新的空间规划在英国系统的弱点，它可能有助于正在开发的水资源综合管理活动，部分是为了响应欧盟水框架指令。从这个分析上来看，有人认为，总的看来，空间规划十分适合迎接这些挑战，它其实可以发挥比目前的设想更加重要的作用。水资源综合管理的一种替代模式在英国载期间将新河流域管理计划，即已以空间规划体系。关键词水资源综合管理，空间规划，综合规划和管理，水框架指令一、简介联合国大会（UN）在其第58/217号决议，声明为国际行动十年生命之水（联合国2005）20

44、0515。在国际事务中以水为重点，体现了一个日益严重的全球认可，关键部分在约翰内斯堡可持续发展会议（WSSD）的世界首脑会议，2002年，更好地发挥水资源的管理必须在实现可持续发展的模式下更好的发展。克劳斯特普费尔，执行联合国环境计划的主任评论说“可持续发展首脑会议强调指出，水不仅是最基础的需要，而且也是在可持续发展的中心。水与卫生，农业，能源和生物多样性等密切相关。如果没有水的进展，达到其他（联合国）千年发展目标将是困难的全球水伙伴（GWP值）2004年，6。正是在这种背景下，联合国（2005年），欧洲联盟通过水框架指令欧洲共同体委员会（CEC）的2000格里菲思2002年范德布鲁日和ROT

45、MANS2006和许多个别的民族国家（GWP值2003）目前正在探索如何在他们的努力可能范围下更有效地履行水环境水资源综合管理（IWRM）的原则。二、水资源综合管理一体化的尺寸一个有用的出发考虑水资源综合管理一体化的尺寸点是由JONCHCLUSEN和FUGL（2001）提出的。这表明，整合的问题分为两类那些与自然系统，它决定着水资源的供应和质量，以及相关的人类系统，形成资源利用，废物产生和资源的污染。类似的分工促进了全球升温潜能值（2004年）。虽然似乎与它与人类系统的集成问题将是本文体制最重要的意义的焦点，有人认为是对自然系统的综合性质的认识是发展水敏体制结构和活动的前提，因此这里是有关的。

46、JONCHCLUSEN和FUGL（2000年）和GWP（2004年）确定的自然系统，应在水资源综合治理体现五个方面的一体化。分别是整合土地和水资源管理（包括绿水，即水的使用，储存和土壤和植被蒸腾和蓝水，即提取地表水和地下水）。整合的地表水和地下水管理。整合水资源数量和质量管理（包括水和废水）。整合上游和下游水有关的利益。整合淡水和沿海区管理。这些问题，关系到自然生态系统的运作，开始确定一体化的层面，需要在人体系统考虑。正是这个文件表明，在这第二个方面检查上来看，水资源综合管理的一体化理论能受益于相关部门的经验，这些包括空间规划，这是目前正在经历的一场复兴，并一直明确作为英国的水治理（表2）和其

47、他系统的关键组成部分。空间规划的定义倾向于强调两个核心功能（TEWDWR琼斯和威廉姆斯2001希利2004年舍恩2005年）。第一个问题涉及到社会的空间组织。这既包括静态元素（如物理结构和保护特殊场所的位置从水资源综合管理的角度来看，这可能包括诸如水库位置和污水处理基础设施和地下水保护区的定义问题），一为运动的关注和不同的活动之间流动和地区（如在建的发展高峰水上游集水区下游流量的影响）。第二个问题涉及到政策的连贯性之中，当局和机构，可能需要采取与（ALLMENDINGER和TEWDWR琼斯2006NADIN2007年）的各种空间问题的决定。一类规划这两个基础功能更加一体化的形式搜索。显然，这些

48、问题与水资源综合管理产生了强烈的共鸣。三、空间规划和水资源综合管理整合相关的自然系统一个相关的自然系统集成的尺寸正确的理解是一个先决条件为机构作出贡献的水资源综合管理的有效途径。如果没有这样的认识，体制反应可以是水资源综合管理和空间规划之间的关系，可通过检查与水有关的事宜向政府规划的指导思想基础派生的洞察力。这提供了在英国空间规划的责任由政府和规划部门提供在的正式基础。四、空间规划和水资源综合管理部门整合正如已经解释的，部门的整合或水管理，公共政策和在公共，私人和志愿部门等领域的一体化在于在水资源综合管理的核心。这种集成类包括跨部门的融合和机构间的集成两方面。在跨部门一体化方面，空间规划指导讨

49、论载于上文清楚地表明了由需要与水的管理事宜，向政府和规划工作者的认同。这种认识可以追溯到很多年，但很明显，有效整合放置在最近的意义倍增。这反映了若干因素。这些因素包括影响严重水浸事件（白和HOWE2003）对气候变化对发展的影响日益上升的海平面上升值，风险增加洪水和水资源短缺（ODPM2004D）可持续发展的因素日益突出规划范围内，尤其是侧重于新的生活环境限制之内ODPM2005年）和一个一体化更加强调在新的空间规划系统（基德2007）更普遍。重要的是，努力促进在空间规划的指导一体化的补充，在开展其在英国的水管理活动环境食物农村和EA活动（如英国环境食物农村2004电针2006。）这样，可以得出结论，有许多方面已有一个强有力的依据有效的跨部门的整合。然而，尽管这显然是积极的立场，可以认为，空间规划在英格兰水资源综合管理活动的潜在意义仍然非常轻描淡写。这是在RTPI（2006年）对草案的流域规划指导中心主题由英国环境食物农村发行（2005年）的回应。其他计划和影响流域地区，包括小型遥感卫星和LDFS战略优先顺序的新RBMPS编制指南草案。不仅做RTPI认为这是一种不切实际的期望，他们也认为这是不承认两个系统之间的空间规划和潜在利益，巧合的是，这是一个世界聋人联合会的要求实施的重要工具。空间规划系统建立了良好的政治和社会认可，并通过规划的