中国生态旅游可持续发展的现状和措施的研究【外文翻译】.doc

1、1（2011届）本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译RESEARCHONTHEPRESENTSITUATIONANDMEASURESFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINAECOTOURISMZOUXIAOLINGSCHOOLOFECONOMICMANAGEMENTHENANPOLYTECHNICUNIVERSITYJIAOZUOHENNA,PRCHINA,454000RUDZXL163COMABSTRACTASANINEVITABLETRENDOFTHESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTOFTOURISM,ECOTOURISMHASBECOMEAMAINSTREAM

2、OFINTERNATIONALTOURISMINTHE2LTHECENTURY,BUTALOTOFPROBLEMSSTILLEXISTINTHEGROWTHOFCHINASECOTOURISMTHISPAPERFIRSTLYEXPLAINSTHECONNOTATIONOFECOTOURISMANDTHENANALYZESTHEMAINPROBLEMSOFITATPRESENTINCHINAFROMFOURASPECTSBASEDONTHESERIESOFPROBLEMSINECOTOURISMREALITY,DEVELOPINGANDOPERATINGMODESSUITABLEFORTHEEC

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7、COTOURISMSUMMIT,“ECOTOURISMANDITSSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTBEARIMMINENTTASKSINTHREEASPECTSECONOMICALLY，STIMULATETHEECONOMYANDCUTDOWNTHENUMBEROFTHEPOOR；SOCIALLY,CREATEJOBSFORTHEVULNERABLEGROUPS；ENVIRONMENTALLY,PROVIDENECESSARYFINANCIALREPORTFORTHEPROTECTIONOFNATURALANDCULTURALRESOURCESALLTHOSEINVOLVEDINE

8、COTOURISMSHOULDWORKWITHJOINTEFFORTFORTHEREALIZATIONOFTHETHREEOBJECTIVES”ECOTOURISMHASALOTINCOMMONWITHSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT,TOBESPECIFICTHEOBJECTIVEOFTHEFORMERISTOREALIZETHELATTER3PROBLEMSWITHTHEECOTOURISMINCHINACHINAHASFAVORABLECONDITIONSFORECOTOURISMDEVELOPMENTFIRST,ITHASAGREATNUMBEROFPOTENTIALTRA

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12、RAVELINGITSELFHASAREIGNOREDACTUALLY,TOURISMDEVELOPMENTHASBROUGHTSERIOUSPOLLUTIONTOTHEENVIRONMENTANDTRIGGEREDASERIESOFPROBLEMINREALITY,ABOUTWHICHALOTOFEXPERTSANDSCHOLARSARECONCERNEDPROBLEMSINECOLOGICALTOURISMDEVELOPMENTAREANALYZEDINFOURMAINASPECTSFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFTHEOBJECTIVESTO3BEACHIEVEDINECOLOG

13、ICALTOURISM4EXPLOREASUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTOFECOTOURISMTOHAVEASUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT,THEECOTOURISMSHOULDBEINHARMONYWITHNATUREWITHOUTBEINGATTHECOSTOFTHEENVIRONMENTTHERESHOULDBEAPROPERPACEOFDEVELOPMENT,ALIMITEDNUMBEROFTOURISTSPERMITTEDANDSTRONGERENVIRONMENTALAWARENESSOTHERWISE,TOOMANYTOURISTSWILLBRINGO

14、VERBURDENTOTHESPOTSANDDESTROYTHESURROUNDINGSINDISPENSABLEFORECOTOURISMACCORDINGLY,THESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTOFECOTOURISMWILLNOTBEACCOMPLISHEDBASEDONTHESERIOUSOFPROBLEMSINECOTOURISM,WESHOULDFOCUSONESTABLISHINGDEVELOPINGANDOPERATINGMODESSUITABLEFORTHEECOTOURISMINCHINAANDONCORRECTINGTHEINAPPROPRIATEPRAC

15、TICEINITSDEVELOPMENT41STRENGTHENLEGISLATIONONECOTOURISM,ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTANDSCIENTIFICPLANLEGISLATIONSHOULDBESTRENGTHENEDSINCEVULNERABLEAREASINECOLOGICALSYSTEMAREINVOLVEDINECOTOURISMZONEITISANEMERGENCYTOSETUPLAWSANDREGULATIONSONECOTOURISMDEVELOPMENTANDSUPERVISIONBASEDONTHEEXISTINGLAWSOFNATURER

16、ESERVESANDFORESTPARKSTAKINGNATURERESERVESASANEXAMPLE，THESURROUNDINGMANAGEMENTRELATEDTOECOTOURISMSHOULDBEOPERATEDONDIFFERENTSTAGESTHEREAREDIFFERENTFOCUSESONDIFFERENTSTAGESINASPECTSOFSURROUNDINGMANAGEMENTINPROJECTINITIATIONSTAGEANDCONSTRUCTIONSTAGE，INECOLOGICALMONITORINGANDPOSTEVALUATIONAFTERTHEBUSINE

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19、EANDENERGYPROJECTANDENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONPROJECT,ETC42ESTABLISHASPECIALOPERATINGMODEOFENTERPRISEENGAGEDINECOTOURISMDEVELOPINGANDOPERATINGMULTIPLEOBJECTIVESSHOULDBETAKENINTOCONSIDERATIONWHENDEVELOPINGECOTOURISM4PRODUCTSTHEREFORE，ENTERPRISESENGAGEDINECOTOURISMDEVELOPMENTANDOPERATIONSHOULDNOTJUSTCHAS

20、EFORDIRECTPROFIT,THEYSHOULDCARRYONHUMANISTICCAREINTHEIRSTRATEGICOBJECTIVEANDHOLDTHECONCEPTOF“GREENBUSINESS“INTHEIROPERATIONANDTAKEITASTHEIRBRANDMARKWHENESTABLISHINGTHEIRIMAGEINTHEMARKETGREENBUSINESSCANBEACHIEVEDTHROUGHTHEDEVELOPINGANDOPERATINGMODEBYWHICHTHEECOTOURISMENTERPRISESBRINGTHEINFLUENCEONSUR

21、ROUNDINGSDOWNTOTHEMINIMUMINTHEIROPERATIONFOREXAMPLE,YOUTHHOTELSANDFAMILYINNSWHICHANLESSINFLUENTIALONSURROUNDINGSAREAPPLICABLEFORLODGINGTOBEGREENBUSINESSRESTAURANTS，SELLINGOFWILDLIFEANDPLANTSUNDERPROTECTIONSHOULDBEPROHIBITEDANDSERVICESGOINGAGAINSTTHELOCALCUSTOMANDCULTUREARENOTPROVIDEDTHEREFEASIBLEAUT

22、HORIZATIONSYSTEMSORFREEWILLBASEDCRITERIALIKEECOLOGICALSYMBOLCANBEADOPTEDINMARKETINGOFECOTOURISMENTERPRISESSOASTOSHOWTOTHEPOTENTIALCUSTOMERSTHEIRCONSISTENCEWITHTHESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTPRINCIPLEANDTHERELIABILITYOFTHEIRPRODUCTSANDSERVICES43ESTABLISHATRAININGSYSTEMOFEMPLOYEESENGAGEDINCOOTOURISMTOMAKETH

23、ELOCALSINVOLVEDITISIMPOSSIBLETOSTIMULATETHESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTOFTHELOCALECONOMYBYEXPLOITINGECOLOGICALTOURISTZONESIFTHELOCALSAREEXCLUDEDFROMTHEEXPLOITATIONANDMANAGEMENTTHELOCALSARETHEFOUNDATIONOFECOTOURISMDEVELOPMENTASWELLASTHEALTERNATIVETOIMPROVETHELOCALEMPLOYMENTANDECONOMY,ANDTAKINGTHEMINTOTHEEX

24、PLOITATIONANDMANAGEMENTOFITISAKEYTOITSSUCCESSTHEHIGHPROFESSIONALSTANDARDSOFECOLOGICALEXPLOITATIONANDMANAGEMENTREQUIRESTHEESTABLISHMENTOFTHETRAININGSYSTEMOFPEOPLEENGAGEDINECOTOURISM,WHICHISANIMPORTANTBRIDGEOFCONVERTINGTHELOCALLABORFORCEANDACRITICALLINKTOGETTHELOCALTRULYINVOLVEDTHEECOLOGICALTOURISTZON

25、ETRAININGSYSTEMSHOULDBECATEGORIZEDINTOTHREELEVELSFIRSTLY,TRAININGOFADMINISTRATIVESTAFFADMINISTRATIVESTAFFINCLUDESTHOSEFROMTHEADMINISTRATIVEDEPARTMENTINCHARGEOFTOURISTZONESURROUNDINGSANDHIGHLEVELMANAGERIALSTAFFFROMTHEECOTOURISMENTERPRISESTHETRAININGCANTAKETHEFORMOF“BORROWINGEXTERNALBRAINS“LIKEINVITIN

26、GECOLOGICALORTOURISTEXPERTSATREGULARINTERVALSTOGIVELECTURESORTRAININGCLASSESSECONDLYISTRAININGOFCOMMONEMPLOYEESCOMMONEMPLOYEESARETRAINEDINTHE5REGULATIONANDREQUIREMENTSOFECOTOURISMZONESANDOPERATIONREGULATIONOFTHEENTERPRISESINTHEPRINCIPLEOFONTHESPOTCONVERSIONTHETRAININGCANTAKETHEFORMOFSTUDYINGOCCUPATI

27、ONALTRAVELINGSCHOOLSORTRAVELINGCOLLEGESFUNDEDWITHMONEYGOTFROMTHEECOTOURISMPROFITUNDERTHEFEEDBACKMECHANISMANDALSOTHEENTERPRISESCANHOLDONTHEJOBTRAININGTOACHIEVETHESAMEGOALTHIRDLY,POPULARIZEENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONKNOWLEDGEAMONGTHELOCALSITWOULDBEMOREACCEPTABLETOTHELOCALSIFTHECONCEPTOFENVIRONMENTFRIENDLY

28、ECOTOURISMISCOMBINEDWITHLOCALCULTUREANDCUSTOMINVARIOUSFORMSLIKEPUBLICITYANDEDUCATIONWINDOWS，BROADCASTINGANDTELEVISIONETCTHELOCALSARESUPPOSEDTOPARTICIPATEINTHEEXPLOITATIONANDMANAGEMENTOFECOTOURISMLIKELODGINGRECEPTION,SPECIALTRANSPORTATION,TOURISTSHOPPINGANDOTHERTRAVELINGTOURSWITHLOCALCULTURALCHARACTE

29、RISTICSANDTHEIROPINIONSSHOULDALSOBECONSIDEREDINTHEDETERMINATIONOFECOTOURISMEXPLOITATION44STRENGTHENTOURISTMANAGEMENTANDPROVIDEECOTOURISMMARKETEDUCATIONCHINASTOURISTSSTILLLACKENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONAWARENESSATPRESENT,WHICHWILLEASILYLEADTOTHEDAMAGEOFECOLOGICALSYSTEMANDREQUIRESSTRICTTOURISTMANAGEMENTTH

30、EMANAGEMENTCANBEDONEINTHEFOLLOWINGTHREEASPECTSFIRSTLY,GUIDETOURISTSBYECONOMICMEANSLIKETICKETSANDTECHNICALMEANSLIKEROUTEPLANNINGANDSEPARATEDAREAPLANNINGINACCORDANCEWITHTHEENVIRONMENTBEARINGCAPABILITYOFTHESCENICSPOTSTOREALIZERATIONALALLOCATIONOFTIMEANDSPACEANDACHIEVETHEGOALOFNOTDESTROYINGTHEINTERNALEC

31、OLOGICALSYSTEMOFTHESCENICSPOTSSECONDLY,GIVETOURISTSENVIRONMENTEDUCATIONBYUSINGSHOWCASES，VIDEO，POSTERS，BOOKS，PAMPHLETSANDTOURISTGUIDEINTERPRETINGSYSTEMINTHESCENICSPOTSINFORMTHETOURISTSOFTHEREGULATIONTHEYHAVETOOBEYCLEARLYBEFORETHETOURSTARTSITWOULDBEEFFECTIVETOEDUCATEANDINFLUENCETHETOURISTSWITHTHEDOING

32、SOFTHEECOTOURISMENTERPRISEWORKINGSTAFFANDTHEENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONATMOSPHEREINTHESURROUNDINGCOMMUNITIESTHIRDLY,LAW,REGULATIONANDSYSTEMSSHOULDBESETUPINECOTOURISMSCENICSPOTSTORESTRICTTOURISTSANDAVOIDNEGATIVEEFFECTSONTHESURROUNDINGSTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEABOVEMEASURESCANFOSTERRESPONSIBLETOURISTSANDSERV

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34、NTERPRISESTOSUPPLYFORALARGENUMBEROFRESEARCHERSASAPROFESSIONALTRAVELINGTYPE，ONTHEONEHAND,ECOTOURISMSHOULDGETTECHNICALINNOVATIONWITHTHEPROGRESSOFENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONINDUSTRYANDAPPLYITSNEWESTTECHNOLOGYTOTHEPRODUCTION；ONTHEOTHERHAND,TOMINIMIZETHEINFLUENCETRAVELINGHASONECOLOGY,THEYHAVETOUNDERTAKEREGUL

35、ARTEST,RESEARCHANDCOMPARISONOFENVIRONMENTADDITIONALLY,ECOTOURISMRESEARCHAGENCIESARENOTQUALIFIEDFORTHELONGTERMMANAGEMENTINTHESPOTSTHEREFORE，ITISQUITENECESSARYTOESTABLISHSUPPLEMENTARYSYSTEMSUNDERTHEPLANANDGUIDANCEOFECOLOGICALANDTRAVELINGEXPERTSASFARASSPECIFICPRACTICEISCONCERNED，FIRSTECOTOURISMSPOTSSHO

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39、ECONOMICGROWTHPOINT，ECOTOURISMPROMOTESTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTOURISMANDHELPSENHANCETHELOCALECONOMICGROWTHANDGAINSSUPPORTFROMGOVERNMENTSOFDIFFERENTLEVELSWHATMUSTBEDONEATPRESENTISTOESTABLISHLEGALANDREGULATIONSYSTEMSOFECOTOURISMTOMAKEALLTHEWORKCONCERNEDWITHITLEGALIZEDTOACHIEVETHEGOALOF7LEGALESTABLISHMENT,LEGA

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41、COMPLICATEDANDSYSTEMATICPROJECTWHICHHASALONGWAYTOGOINTHEPROCESSOFIMPLEMENTATION,WESHOULDUSEFOREIGNADVANCEDEXPERIENCESFORREFERENCEANDHAVEWORLDWIDEEXCHANGETOSEEKINTERNATIONALCOOPERATIONANDAIDBASEDONOURNATIONALSITUATIONANDTHEPRINCIPLEOFSELFRELIANCEBYFORGINGAHEADWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTALSPIRITCALLWEACHIEVEEC

42、OLOGICALPROTECTIONANDITSPERMANENTUTILITYANDTHESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTOFECOLOGICALTOURISM二、翻译文章中国生态旅游可持续发展的现状和措施的研究邹晓玲河南焦作理工大学经济管理干部学院邮编454000RUDZXL163COM摘要作为一种旅游业可持续发展的必然趋势，生态旅游已成为21世纪国际旅游的主流，但是，日益增长中的中国生态旅游存在着很多问题。本文首先解释了生态旅游的基本内涵，然后从四个方面分析中国生态旅游发展现状中存在的主要问题。基于发展生态旅游存在一系列问题的现实,在文章的最后提出了适合中国生态旅游的开发和经

43、营模式。关键词生态旅游，可持续发展，自然环境，对策1引言生态旅游作为一种新型的发展迅速的旅游方式已成为旅游圈的焦点。生态旅游作为可持续旅游被认为是在实现旅游业可持续发展的必然选择，吸引全世界的关注并获得快速增长，这使得它成为21世纪国际旅游的主流，然而在其发展过程中很多问题还需要进一步探索，以实现可持续发展。2生态旅游的内涵8生态旅游作为一种彻底的新型的旅游方式出现，对环境产生了一些影响。早期生态旅游的概念指的是“回归自然”、“回归朴实”，其中强调在旅游发展中开发自然风景。近年来，国际生态旅游协会定义生态旅游为具有保留自然环境和当地居民生活的双重责任。生态旅游注重自然的保护，也可以叫做可持续旅

44、游。联合国世界旅游组织秘书长弗朗加利，在世界生态旅游峰会上指出“生态旅游与可持续发展承担三个方面的任务经济，刺激经济和减少贫困人口数量。社会，为弱势群体创造就业机会；环境，为天然和文化资源的保护提供必要的财政报告。所有关联到生态旅游的元素应与参与工作的三个目标共同实现。”生态旅游与可持续发展具有很多共同点，前者是细节，目标是实现后者。3中国生态旅游的问题中国具有生态旅游发展的有利条件首先，它有大量潜在的旅客。并且生态旅游的需求与生态觉悟日渐加强；其次，它拥有丰富的生态旅游资源。人与生物圈计划委员会（MAB）教科文组织在其100多个省级以上级别的自然保护区调查结果表明，全国储备了82个正式的商务

45、旅游，并且有12个储备地年年超过100,000个旅客。生态旅游在中国自然保护区发展了接近25年，年收入52000万元的储备。其中部分储备在刺激地方旅游业方面发挥主导作用。由于旅游业在中国发展的历史很短，人们对旅游和环境之间的关系仍然缺乏科学的理解。并且生态旅游发展初期，重点在自然旅游和开发旅游资源，而忽略了旅游对环境本身的影响和破坏。实际上，很多专家和学者关注到，旅游业开发给环境带来了严重的污染及一系列的问题。4生态旅游可持续发展的探索要想有可持续发展，生态旅游发展应该与自然一致，不能以环境为代价。应该有发展的适当的步幅，限制旅游者数量，强化环保意识。否则，过多游客将带来过重的负担并且毁坏周围

46、不可缺少的生态旅游资源，相应地，生态旅游的可持续发展是不会成功的。基于生态旅游的严肃问题，我们应该集中精力开发适用于中国生态旅游的操作方式并且改正不适合实际发展的做法。41加强关于生态旅游、环境管理和科学计划应该加强在生态学系统中脆弱的生态旅游区域的立法。基于现有的自然区域和森林公园法律，设定生态旅游发展的法律和规定显得很紧急。以自然保护为例，与9生态旅游有关的周围环境的管理应分为不同的阶段。环境管理不同的阶段有不同的侧重点，项目启蒙阶段和建筑阶段，生态监督和建后评估。根据生态旅游预测，一个生态计划的专家团队能够设计出一个好的项目并协调好不同的利益集团。与此同时，作为一项特别计划，生态旅游项目

47、应服从于保护区或森林公园的总体规划。预测之前，要先完成一系列的工作要进行可行性研究、旅游资源价值评估、市场潜力预测和对周围环境的影响的调查。应设计与生态旅游的目标一致的各种项目，如土地使用项目，景观规划，水资源和能源项目和环保项目等。42对从事生态旅游开发和经营的企业建立一个特殊的运行模式发展生态旅游产品时应采取多个目标。因此，企业参与生态旅游开发和经营不应该仅仅追逐直接的利润，他们应该进行人文关怀的战略和持有“绿色企业”的经营理念，并以此建立作为自己品牌标记的市场形象。绿色企业可以通过发展和运行生态旅游企业模式对周围环境带来的影响降到最低限度。举例来说，例如，青年旅馆和家庭旅馆适用住宿，对周

48、围环境影响力较小。在绿色企业餐馆，禁止出售受保护的野生动植物，不提供违反当的文化习俗的服务。在生态旅游企业行销可以采取可行的授权系统或象征生态学标志的标准，以便显示对潜在顾客与可持续发展原则的坚固性和他们的产品与服务的可靠性。43使当地人参与生态旅游雇员培训体系如果要刺激开发生态旅游区当地经济的可持续发展而把当地人排除在开发和管理之外是不可能的。当地人是生态旅游发展的基础，它的开发和管理能改善当地的就业和经济。开发与管理专业水平高的生态地的一个重要的环节是要求从事生态旅游的本地劳工得到真正的培训体系。生态旅游区的培训体系应分为三个层次第一，行政人员培训。行政人员的培训包括来自负责旅游区周围环境

49、的行政部门和高层次的生态旅游企业管理人员。培训可以采取“借外部大脑”，像定期邀请生态或旅游专家讲学或培训的形式。第二，培训普通员工。普通员工按照生态旅游区的管理和要求操作，转换企业的监管原则。培训可以采取去旅游职业学校学习或用生态旅游收益建立旅游学院基金的形式以达到相同目标。第三，在当地人中普及环保知识。如果环境友好型生态旅游的概念与当地文化和教育相结合更容易被当地居民接受。如宣传窗，广播和电视等。当地人都应该参10与生态旅游的开发和管理，如住宿接待，特种运输，旅游购物等旅游与当地文化特色。并且他们的意见也应在生态旅游开发者的决定中得到反映。44加强旅游管理，提供生态教育目前中国旅游市场的游客仍然缺乏环保意识，这将容易导致系统损坏，需要严格的生态旅游管理措施。管理方面可以分为以下三种首先，通过售门票、解说员等经济手段进行路线规划和区域规划来引导游客，实现时间和空间的合理配置，达到不破坏生态系统目标。其次，在旅游景点通过展示如视频，海报，书籍，小册子和导游等解释系统。在游客进入之前明示该规定，使游客遵守该规定。这将有效地教育生态旅游企业的环保工作人员，影响周围社区中游客的行为，形成环保的氛围。第三，在生态旅游风景点应该设定法