英语新闻模糊语言的语用分析【毕业论文】.doc

1、（20_届）本科毕业设计英语英语新闻模糊语言的语用分析APRAGMATICANALYSISOFVAGUENESSINENGLISHNEWSI内容摘要模糊语是指由于缺少语言的准确性使用者对某些本身带有模糊边界的词的理解含义不相同，从而产生不相同的意思。模糊语言在生活中广泛存在，本文主要研究英语新闻语言中的模糊语言。模糊和新闻这两个概念似乎是冲突的，因为新闻讲究准确性、及时性和客观性。大量的事实证明模糊语言确实存在英语新闻中，而且发挥着巨大的作用。本文借用语用学的环境顺应理论说明模糊语言在英语新闻这一特定的环境中所起的作用。从语用的角度通过分析英语新闻语特点，概括整理英语新闻中模糊语言存在的各种形

2、式，发现单个模糊语表义固然是模糊的，但是在一定的语境中，它所起的作用不是模糊而是清晰准确。所以应正确恰当使用模糊语。关键词模糊语；新闻；环境顺应理论；语用功能IIABSTRACTVAGUENESSREFERSTO“WORDSWITHBLURREDEDGES,ARECURRENTFEELINGOFINADEQUACYOFLANGUAGETOEXPRESSTHOUGHT,PARTICULARLYBECAUSEOFITSLACKOFPRECISION”VAGUELANGUAGEISCOMMONINOURLIFETHISPAPERMAINLYEXPLORESTHEVAGUENESSINENGLISHN

3、EWSTHERESEEMSTOBEACONFLICTBETWEENVAGUENESSANDNEWS,ASTHELANGUAGEOFNEWSNEEDSTOBECORRECT,OBJECTIVE,CLEARANDPROMPTALOTOFEXAMPLESINTHISPAPERDEMONSTRATETHATTHEVAGUELANGUAGEPLAYSAKEYROLEINENGLISHNEWSTHETHEORYOFADAPTATIONINPRAGMATICSJUSTIFIESTHEFUNCTIONSTHATVAGUENESSPLAYSINENGLISHNEWSFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFPRA

4、GMATICS,THISPAPERANALYSESFEATURESOFENGLISHNEWSANDDISCUSSESDIFFERENTFORMSOFVAGUENESSINNEWSITSCONCLUDEDTHATWORDSWITHBLURREDEDGESHAVEPRECISEANDCLEARMEANINGSWHENUSEDINSPECIFICCONTEXTTHEREFORE,VAGUEWORDSSHOULDBECAREFULLYSELECTEDANDPROPERLYAPPLIEDINCONSIDERATIONOFCONTEXTSKEYWORDSVAGUENESS,ADAPTATION,NEWS,

5、CONTEXTIIICONTENTS中文摘要IABSTRACTII1INTRODUCTION12VAGUENESSANDNEWS121VAGUENESSINLANGUAGE122THREEFEATURESOFNEWS23VAGUENESSINNEWS331VAGUENESSINNUMBERS332VAGUENESSINMEANING433VAGUENESSINPRONUNCIATION54PRAGMATICFUNCTIONSOFVAGUENESSINENGLISHNEWS641MAKINGTHENEWSMOREOBJECTIVE642MAKINGTHENEWSMORECLEAR743MAKIN

6、GTHENEWSMOREFLEXIBLE85CONCLUSION9BIBLIOGRAPHY11ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS1211INTRODUCTION“ASKFORMORE”ISTHEADVERTISEMENTOFPEPSIWHICHISONEOFTHELARGESTCOMPANIESSPECIALIZINGINDRINKSINTHEWORLDHOWEVER,THESAMEADVERTISEMENT“ASKFORMORE”ISUSEDBYPEPSISHOESCOMPANIESTHESITUATIONCHANGES,ANDTHEMEANINGOFADISDIFFERENTINTHEFIR

7、STAD,“MORE”REFERSTODRINKS,WHILEINTHESECONDAD,“MORE”REFERSTOSHOESTHISPHENOMENONCANBEEXPLAINEDBYAWORDVAGUENESSMANYLEARNERSHAVEMADERESEARCHESONVAGUENESSFORALONGTIMETHEYHAVEGIVENAVARIETYOFTHECONCEPTOFVAGUENESSFOREXAMPLE,JOANNACHANNELL200020MAKESANDEFINITION“ANEXPRESSIONORWORDISVAGUEIFAITCANBECONTRASTEDW

8、ITHANOTHERWORDOREXPRESSIONWHICHAPPEARSTORENDERTHESAMEPROPOSITIONBITISPURPOSELYANDUNABASHEDLYVAGUECITSMEANINGARISESFROMTHEINTRINSICUNCERTAINTY”VAGUENESSISONEOFTHENATURALLANGUAGETHECONCEPTOFITISTHATMANYWORDSINOURLIFEHAVENOSPECIFICDEFINITIONINTHISPAPER,VAGUENESSREFERSTO“WORDSWITHBLURREDEDGES,ARECURRENT

9、FEELINGOFINADEQUACYOFLANGUAGETOEXPRESSTHOUGHT,PARTICULARLYBECAUSEOFITSLACKOFPRECISION”ULLMANN,1962THISPAPERAIMSTOSTUDYVAGUENESSINNEWSANDTRIESTOEXPLOREPRAGMATICFUNCTIONSTHATVAGUENESSPLAYSINENGLISHNEWSNOWVAGUENESSGRADUALLYTENDSTOBEFAVORABLEINNEWS,TV,ADVERTISEMENTANDOTHERMEDIATHEREISNODOUBTTHATVAGUELAN

10、GUAGEHELPSTHEMINTHEIRCOMMUNICATIONS2VAGUELANGUAGEANDNEWS21VAGUENESSINLANGUAGELANGUAGEISDECEPTIVEANDTHOUGHENGLISHISSUBTLEITALSOALLOWSACLEVERPERSONONEALERTTOTHEAMBIGUITIESOFENGLISHTOPLAYTRICKSWITHMOCKPRECISIONANDTOCOMBINEVAGUENESSWITHPOLITENESSENGLISHISPERFECTFORDIPLOMATSANDLOVERSJOANNACHANNELL,20001A

11、ANDBARETALKINGABOUTTHEIRHOPESFORTHEIRSMALLDAUGHTERS“AASFARASCAREERANDTHINGSLIKETHAT,IMEANITSMUCHTOOEARLY,WHENILEFTSCHOOLITHOUGHTIWASGOINGTODOONETHINGANDIVEENDEDUPDOINGDOZENSOFOTHERTHINGS,SOITHINKTHATANYTHINGIDECIDEDSHEWOULDNTDOITANYWAYBIDLIKEHERTOHAVETHEOPPORTUNITY,IDLIKEHERTOHAVEOPPORTUNITIESTODO2A

12、IDLIKEHERTOEXPERIENCESOMEOFTHETHINGSWEVEDONE,WEVEBEENLUCKY,WELLITHINKWEVEBEENLUCKY,WEVE,ENJOYEDALOTOFOUTDOORACTIVITIESBWEVEENCOURAGEDHERALOTWEDOGOTOWALESALOT,WHENWEVEABEFORE”JOANNACHANNELL,20003THEITALICPHRASESARETHEVAGUEEXPRESSIONSTHECOMMUNICATORSUSETHESEVAGUEEXPRESSIONSVERYOFTENUSINGVAGUELANGUAGEI

13、SAPARTOFOURLIFETHISEXAMPLEDEMONSTRATESTHATSPEAKERSALWAYSTAILORTHEIRLANGUAGEBYVARYINGTHEPRECISIONANDVAGUENESSVAGUEWORDSCANOCCURINSPOKENENGLISHVAGUENESSALSOCANOCCURINMASSMEDIALIKEADVERTISEMENTS,TV,RADIOANDNEWSITISCOMMONTOSEEVAGUENESSOFLANGUAGEINOURLIFE22THREEFEATURESOFNEWSNEWSISTHEREPORTOFTHELATESTEVE

14、NTSALLAROUNDTHEWORLDITREFERSTOTHEREPORTSONRECENTEVENTSBEINGDIFFERENTFROMOTHERFICTIVELITERATURE,ITMUSTDESCRIBEACTUALPERSONSANDREALEVENTSACCURACY,OBJECTIVITY,ANDPROMPTNESSARETHEKEYELEMENTSINCLUDEDINNEWSANDTHEYAREESSENTIALFORTHEINFORMATIONCONVEYINGTHEYREQUIRETHEPRESSMANTOREPORTTHEFACTSACCURATELYANDOBJE

15、CTIVELYBUTATTHESAMETIMETHEREPORTERSUNDERSTANDINGOFEVENTSMOREORLESSINFLUENCESTHATOFREADERSTOWARDTHEEVENTSAFTERALL,NEWSISPRESENTEDBYTHENARRATIONOFTHEREPORTERTHEREFORE,HESHOULDPAYMUCHATTENTIONTOTHECHOICEOFWORDSANDOBEYTHETHREECHARACTERSOFNEWSACCURACY,OBJECTIVITYANDPROMPTNESSTHECOREFEATUREINTHENEWSISACCU

16、RACYNEWSISPUBLISHEDINTHENEWSPAPERS,ONTVORRADIOS,EVENONTHEINTERNETTHEYMUSTBEREPORTEDASTHINGSREALLYAREASITISWELLKNOW,NEWSISBASEDONTHEFACTITREGARDSTHETRUTHASTHESTANDARDHOWEVER,WHENPEOPLECANTCOLLECTTHEINTEGRATEDORACCURATEMATERIAL,THEYENSURETHEACCURACYANDCHOOSESOMEVAGUEWORDSTOREPORTNEWSOBJECTIVITYEXISTSI

17、NTHEWHOLENEWSWHENTHEREPORTERSCONCLUDEPIECESOFNEWS,THEYMAKEJUDGMENTWITHTHEIROWNPOINTSINORDERTOLETTHEPUBLICKNOWTHEFACT,REPORTERSTRYTOCHOOSESOMENEUTRALWORDSHOWEVER,INTHEREALLIFESOMEPIECESOFNEWSTENDTOHAVEORIENTATIONMOREORLESSSOMEPROFESSIONALSPROPOSETHATPEOPLESHOULDUSELESSCOMMENTTOAVOIDTHISKINDOFPROBLEMS

18、,REPORTERSWILLCHOOSESOMEVAGUEWORDSNEWSCHANGESEVERYDAYITREPORTSTHEEVENTSINTHERECENTDAYSEVENJUSTBEFOREAFEWMINUTESORASECONDINORDERTOCATCHUPWITHTHELATESTNEWS,REPORTERSNEEDTOUPDATENEWSFREQUENTLYANDPUBLICNEWSASSOONASPOSSIBLESOMANYPRESSESARECOMPETINGWITHOTHERSFORTHEPUBLICATIONOFTHEIMPORTANTNEWSWHENTIMEISLI

19、MITED,VAGUEWORDSWILLPLAYASIGNIFICANTROLEINTHISSITUATIONTHEFEATUREOFPROMPTNESSNEEDSVAGUEWORDSURGENTLYINASUMMARY,WHENTHEREISLACKOFACCURATEMATERIAL,REPORTERSTURNTOVAGUEWORDS33VAGUENESSINNEWS31VAGUENESSINNUMBERSOUTCOMEOFTHEAFFAIRSOFSTATEISTHEMAINSOURCEOFNEWSWECANOFTENSEETHEEXAMPLESOFVAGUENUMBERSWHENCORR

20、ESPONDENTSREPORTEVENTS,THEYOFTENREPORTTIME,PLACES,NAMESANDSOONTHESEARETHEMAINELEMENTSTOREPORTNUMBERSAREREPORTEDINTWOWAYSPRECISENUMBERSANDVAGUENUMBERSLETSSEEPRECISENUMBERSFIRST1HISCOUNTRYMENSSWELLINGWAISTLINESARENOTMYSTERYTOLIANGYONG,25,WHOSTILLHOPESTOLOSEANOTHER50POUNDS周学艺,2007362THEWTOFOUNDTHETYPIC

21、ALCHINESEPERSONCONSUMED176OUNCESOFETHYLALCOHOLIN2000周学艺,200736THEUNDERLINEDWORDSARETHEPRECISEFIGURESTOTELLUSWHATTHETRUTHISTHEMOREEXACTNUMBERSARE,THEMORECORRECTMEANINGARESONUMBERSSHOULDBEBRIEFANDPRECISEBECAUSETHEYARERELATEDTOTHEBACKGROUNDORTHEGENERALIDEAESPECIALLYINECONOMICNEWS,NUMBERSAREUSEDBYREPORT

22、ERSVERYCAREFULLYTOCONVEYHOWTHECOUNTRYWORKSINONEYEARNOERRORSHOULDBEALLOWEDTHEN,LETSSEESOMEEXAMPLESOFVAGUENUMBERS1IN1995,CHINESESPENTALMOST12BILLIONTOTREATDIETRELATEDDISEASES周学艺,2007372POPKINSAYSTHATBY2025,THATFIGURESISLIKELYTOINCREASEBYATLEAST25周学艺,200737REPORTERSUSEVAGUELANGUAGEWHENTHEYARENOTSUREABO

23、UTTHEEXACTNUMBERSTOPURSUETHECLOSENESSTOTHETRUTH,VAGUENUMBERSAREEMPLOYEDPEOPLEREGARDNEWSASAKINDOFTRUSTINGTOOLTOKNOWTHESITUATIONINTHEWORLDIFTHEREISWRONGWITHNEWS,WHATCANTHEYTRUST32VAGUENESSINMEANINGTHEVAGUENESSINMEANINGHASTHREEFUNDAMENTALCHARACTERISTICSFIRST,ITHASACLEARCENTRALMEANINGBUTAVAGUEEXTENSIONA

24、CTUALLY,ANYVAGUEWORDSAREVAGUEINTHEEXTENSIONOFABOUNDARYANDAREDISTINCTINTHECENTEROFEXTENSIONTAKEANEXAMPLEFORDEMONSTRATIONATEENAGERBELONGSTOTHEJUVENILEORTHEYOUNGSTERINTHEOXFORDADVANCEDLEARNERSENGLISHCHINESEDICTIONARY,ATEENAGERMEANS“APERSONWHOISBETWEENTHIRTEENANDNINETEENYEARSOLD”INTHEMODERNCHINESEDICTIO

25、NARY,THEJUVENILEAREINTHEAGE“RANGINGFROMTENTOSIXTEENYEARSOLD”THEYOUNGSTERAGERANGESFROMFIFTEENORSIXTEENTOAPPROXIMATELYTHIRTYYEARSOLDFROMTHESECONCEPTSITCANNOTBEJUDGEDTHATTHETEENAGERBELONGSTOWHICHBUT4ONEDISTINCTPOINTISTHATTHETEENAGERSHOULDBEINANAGEUNDERSIXTEENEVENTHOUGHTHEREISNODISTINCTBOUNDARYTODISTING

26、UISHWORDSABOUTAGEAMONGTHESIMILARAGEGROUPS,ACCORDINGTOTHEMETHODOF“DEGREEOFMEMBERSHIP”PEOPLECANEITHERMAKESOMEWORDSINTOONECATEGORYOFONESPECIFICWORDOREXCLUDETHEMOUTOFTHATCATEGORYITSUGGESTSTHATSEMANTICVAGUENESSHASACLEARCENTERMEANINGSOPEOPLEARESURETHATAPERSONBETWEEN20AND27YEARSOLDBELONGSTOTHEYOUNGSTERNEIT

27、HERAPERSONOLDERTHANFIFTYYEARSOLDNORYOUNGERTHANFOURTEENYEARSOLDBELONGSTOTHETEENAGERSANDWESHOULDLAYSTRESSONTHEVAGUEMEANINGOFAWORDANDGRASPTHEESSENTIALTRAITTHEMEANINGOFAWORDREFLECTSTHEESSENTIALATTRIBUTESOFOBJECTIVETHINGSPRESUMPTIVELYFROMTHELANGUAGEUSAGESPOINTOFVIEW,ITISQUITEUSEFULTOCONVEYONESIDEASANDFEE

28、LINGSCORRECTLYSECOND,VAGUESEMANTICSHASANOTHERCHARACTERRELATIVITYANDPLASTICITYITMEANSTHATONEVAGUEWORDSIGNIFIESAPARTICULARMEANINGINTHEPARTICULARUNIVERSEOFDISCOURSEORTHEPARTICULARLANGUAGEENVIRONMENTIFTHEWORDISNOTINTHATENVIRONMENT,ITCHANGESTHEBOUNDARYBETWEENVAGUESEMANTICSBECAUSEOFTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENFAC

29、TORSOFGEOGRAPHY,INDIVIDUALMIND,NATIONALCULTURE,THEPOLITICS,ECONOMYANDCULTUREINSOCIETYAREDIFFERENTUNDERTHEDIFFERENTCIRCUMSTANCES,AVAGUEWORDCANOWNDIFFERENTMEANINGSFOREXAMPLE,INACOUNTRYWOMENALWAYSWEARTHEIRBRASOUTOFTHEIRCLOTHESTHEYFEELITVERYPROUDBECAUSEINTHATPLACEONLYWEALTHYPEOPLECANBUYBRASINTHATWAYTHEY

30、CANSHOWHOWWEALTHYTHEYAREHOWEVER,INMOSTCOUNTRIESALLAROUNDTHEWORLD,PEOPLETHINKITVERYSTRANGEANDUNACCEPTABLESOMEWOMENEVENFEELBASHFULFORTHATSOTHEEXAMPLESUGGESTSTHATTWODIFFERENTPATTERNSOFCULTUREMAKEPEOPLECHOOSEDIFFERENTWAYSOFWEARINGCLOTHESALSOTHEECONOMYHASAGREATINFLUENCEONWOMENSBEHAVIORSWEARINGTHEBRASOUTO

31、FTHEIRCLOTHESISASYMBOLOFFORTUNEINTHEIREYESSOTHEYLOOKDOWNUPONONTHOSEWOMENWHODONOTWEARINGITINOTHERCOUNTRIESISTHOUGHTASANACTIONOFABNORMALTHIRD,ITALSOHASTHELASTCHARACTEROFDUALNATUREAWORDCANEXPRESSACLEARMEANINGANDAVAGUEMEANINGINENGLISHHISTORY,WORMMEANSAKINDOFINSECTSLIKEHELMINTHORSNAKENOWTHETERMOFWORMISOF

32、TENUSEDAKINDOFINSECTSLIKEHELMINTHTAKEEXAMPLEOF“GRAIL”THEORIGINALMEANINGOFGRAILISAKINDOFBIGPLATEHOWEVER,THEEXTENSIONINMEANINGISABOUTTHEENTIRESTOCKMARKETSINFORMATION33VAGUENESSINPRONUNCIATIONTHEVAGUENESSOFPRONUNCIATIONHASEXISTEDINTONEQUALITY,PHONEME,SANDHIANDINTONATIONFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFSTATICSTATEAN

33、DDYNAMICSTATEBECAUSEOFLAZADEHWHOPOINTEDTHE“FUZZYSETS”,LEARNERSHAVEBEENSTUDYINGVAGUENESS,ONEOFWHICHISVAGUEPRONUNCIATIONLAZADEHSTHEORYHASDEEPLYAFFECTEDPEOPLESCOGNITIONANDTHOUGHTPEOPLEALSOREALIZE5THATOBSCUREPHENOMENON,VAGUEDEFINITIONANDVAGUETHOUGHTARETHESIGNIFICANTCHANNELSTOCOMPREHENDANDGRASPTHEEXTERNA

34、LWORLDLBLOOMFIELDONCESAIDTHEMOTHERTONGUEHASTHEABILITYOFCORRECTIONALTHOUGHPEOPLEDONOTPRONOUNCERIGHTLY,THEYCANUNDERSTANDANDCOMMUNICATEWITHOTHERSINVIEWOFIT,PEOPLEANALYZEPRONUNCIATIONINTHESECATEGORIESHEREARESOMEINSTANCESONCEINACHINESEPROGRAM“PRIMEMINISTERLIULUOGUO”,ALOTOFMINISTERSGAVETHEKINGMONEYANDTREA

35、SUREASGIFTSONLYTHEPOORPRIMEMINISTER,LIUYONG,GAVETHEKING“一桶姜”EVERYONEONTHESPOTLAUGHEDATHIM,ANDTHEKINGWASSURPRISEDATITBUTLIUYONGEXPLAINEDTHAT“一桶姜”MEANS“一统江山”THISISTHETYPICALEXAMPLEOFVAGUEPRONUNCIATIONASITHASMANYPATTERNS,TAKEANOTHERONEABOUTINTONATIONAHEONLYPROMISEDTOCOMEBHEONLYPROMISEDTOCOMEINTHEASENTE

36、NCE,PEOPLEFOCUSONTHEWORD“COME”WHICHISTHECENTEROFINFORMATIONSOASENTENCEMEANSTHATHEPROMISEDHEWOULDCOME,BUTHEDIDNOTPROMISETODOANYOTHERTHINGSWHILEINBSENTENCE,PEOPLEFOCUSONTHEWORD“PROMISED”ANDTHENTHEMEANINGCHANGESALOTTHESENTENCEMEANSTHATHEJUSTPROMISED,BUTPEOPLEDONTKNOWWHETHERHEWOULDCOMEORNOTTHEFIRSTINSTA

37、NCEISUSEDINTHEWAYOFVAGUEPRONUNCIATIONTODELIVERTHEINFORMATIONTHATPRIMEMINISTERLIULUOGUOWASSOHONESTTOHOPEHISKINGMAKEHISCOUNTRYUNITEDANDTHESECONDISTOSTRESSTWODIFFERENTKINDSOFMEANINGS4PRAGMATICFUNCTIONSOFVAGUENESSINENGLISHNEWSBEFOREWEDOSOMERESEARCHESONVAGUENESSINNEWSENGLISH,WEDBETTERKNOWSOMETHINGABOUTTH

38、ECONCEPT“NEWSENGLISH“NEWSENGLISH,ONEOFVARIETIESOFENGLISH,HASITSOWNLANGUAGEFEATURESANDSTYLISTICFEATURESITISWELLKNOWNTHATNEWSSHOULDBECLEAR,CORRECTANDOBJECTIVE,WHICHTHEMEDIAREGARDASTHEKEYPRINCIPLEOFNEWSFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFPRAGMATICS,PROPERUSEOFVAGUENESSINNEWSFUNCTIONSISEXPRESSEDINTHEFOLLOWINGTHREEASPEC

39、TS41MAKINGTHENEWSMOREOBJECTIVETHEMASSMEDIAARETHEINFORMATIONSYSTEMSOFTHEWHOLESOCIETYWHEREPEOPLEUSETHEMTOSEARCHFORTHEIROWNPURPOSES,ESPECIALLYINTHEPOLITICALAREAINMODERNSOCIETY,MOREANDMOREPOLITICIANSUSETHENEWSRATHERTHANOTHERMEDIALIKERADIOTHEYUSUALLYLETPEOPLEKNOWTHEIRPOLITICALCLAIMSTHROUGHTHENEWSINAMERIC

40、A,TOBIDEFORVOTES,THECANDIDATESTURNTONEWSPAPERSFORHELPWHICHWILLPUBLICTHEIRVIEWPOINTSCOMPAREDWITHOTHERORGANIZATIONS6ANDINDIVIDUALSTHEGOVERNMENTSHAVETHEADVANTAGEASTHENEWSHASBEENHAVINGATREMENDOUSINFLUENCEONTHEPOLITICACTIVITIES,THEGOVERNMENTOFEVERYCOUNTRYSHOULDTAKEMORECAREABOUTTHEIRSTATEMENTSANDACTIONSEV

41、ERYPIECEOFTHEMWILLAFFECTTHERELATIONSHIPSAMONGCOUNTRIESANDEVENTHEWHOLEWORLDLOOKATTHEFOLLOWINGNEWS1“AJAPANESEDISTRICTCOURTONWEDNESDAYRULEDTHATPRIMEMINISTERJUNICHIROKOIZUMISVISITTOACONTROVERSIALWARSHRINEVIOLATESTHECONSTITUTION”PLADAILY2004年4月8日2“AJAPANESECOURTHASDECLAREDANUNCONSTITUTIONALVISITBYPRIMEMI

42、NISTERJUNICHIROKOIZUMITOAWARSHRINE”WWWEDITIONCNNCOM3“外交部发言人孔泉7日在回答记者提问时表示，希望日本领导人切实信守反省侵略历史的承诺，不再做伤害受害国人民感情事。”人民日报2004年4月8日（4）“小泉纯一郎首相2001年8月31日参拜靖国神社之后，阵亡者家属和宗教人士共计211人以“参拜违反宪法政教分离规定，令人蒙受精神痛苦”为由，控告首相和政府，要求支付每人10万日元赔偿费。”参考消息2004年4月8日INTHEFIRSTANDSECONDSENTENCE“PRIMEMINISTERJUNICHIROKOIZUMI”ISUSEDAST

43、HEREFERENCETHELASTREFERSTO“小泉纯一郎首相”PRIMEMINISTERJUNICHIROKOIZUMIMEANS日本首相小泉纯一郎THEREFERENCEABOUTTHELEADEROFJAPANSHOWSWHATTHEMANHASTHESTATUSINJAPANANDINTHEWORLDTHEREFERENCESEEMSOBJECTIVEACTUALLYPRIMEMINISTERJUNICHIROKOIZUMIMEANSTHATTHEWRITERUSESAKINDOFFORMALLANGUAGEACCORDINGTOTHEREQUIREMENTSOFNEWS,THE

44、LANGUAGEALWAYSSEEMSTOBEFORMAL,SERIOUSANDBRIEFSOMETIMESREPORTERSUSEOFFICIALLANGUAGETOREPORTTHEAFFAIRSOFSTATETOSHOWRESPECTTHATOFTENHAPPENSINTHEPOLITICALNEWSINTHECHINESENEWS,THENAME,“日本领导人”,SEEMSTOBEMOREVAGUECOMPAREDWITHOTHERTHREEREFERENCESSINCEITDOESNOTMEANTOTELLPEOPLEWHOISTHELEADERINJAPANTHEREPORTERM

45、AYNOTREALIZEITTHESPOKESMANDELIBERATELYAVOIDMENTIONINGTHENAMEORHISPOSTANDRANKINDETAILTOAVOIDUNNECESSARYTROUBLES,THESPOKESMANHASTOSOLVETHISKINDOFSITUATIONBYTHEMEANSOFVAGUEWORDSINADDITION,THESPOKESMANISACHINESEWHOCANTANDMUSTNTSHOWHISRESPECTFORTHELEADERINJAPANONTHISEVENTONTHECONTRARY,THEUNSPECIFICNAMEAP

46、PEALSTONOTONLYTHELEADEROFJAPANBUTALSOALLTHELEADERSINJAPANFORNOTDOINGHARMFULTHINGSTOCHINESEPEOPLEANYMORETHISISTHESPOKESMANSREALPURPOSETHENTHEFORTHITEM“小泉纯一郎首相”SEEMSTOBESUBJECTIVEASTHEPHRASEHASTHEKEYWORDWHICHIS“首相”THENAMEINDICATESTHATTHEREPORTERRESPECTEDTHEMANANDHISJAPANESEPEOPLEASFARASTHEREPORTERSPOS

47、ITIONISCONCERNED,HISREVIEWSANDHISATTITUDETOWARDSJAPANHAVEAGREATEFFECTONTHELEADERSNAMESOBVIOUSLY,THISMEDIASHOWSALLTHETRENDTOWARDSTHEJAPANESELEADER,小泉纯一郎,ANDITISTHEREGULARTECHNIQUEOFAJAPANESEPRESSBECAUSEOFTHESITUATIONTHEYAREIN,THEYHAVETOMAKEDECISIONSALONGWITHTHE7PRINCIPLESOBJECTIVENESSOFNEWS42MAKINGTH

48、ENEWSMORECLEARASTHESHAREDPROPERTYOFHUMANLANGUAGE,VAGUENESSUBIQUITOUSLYEXISTSINALLKINDSOFSTYLESTHEVAGUENESSOFNEWSISMAINLYPRESENTEDTHROUGHVAGUEWORDSAPARTFROMTHAT,THEPREDICTIONINEVENTREPORTINGTOWARDSMATCHOUTCOMEISALSOANUNSEPARATEDPARTITISSATISFYINGPEOPLESPURSUITOFACCURATENESSANDSTIMULUSTHATSPORTSTASKIS

49、,SOMANYREPORTERSLIKETOADDSOMEPREDICTIONSINTHEENDTOENHANCETHESUSPENSEANDREADABILITYOFSPORTSNEWSHOWEVER,LIMITEDBYTHEPRINCIPLEOFCLEARNESSANDOBJECTIVENESS,REPORTERSCANNOTCOMMENTONTHINGSONLYACCORDINGTOTHEIRSUBJECTIVEJUDGMENT,THEYHAVETOUSESOMEVAGUEWORDSINSTEADEGBASEBALLISNOTAPOPULARIZEDSPORTSITEMINCHINA,ONLYOVERTENTEAMSANDMORETHAN300ATHLETESATTENDEDINTHISGAMEEVENTINTHISEXAMPLE,THEREPORTERUSESANAPPROXIMATEFIGURETOSUMUPTHEPRESENTSITUATIONOFBASEBALLINCHINA,BECAUSEITISNOTEASYANDHASNOENOUGHTIMETOCOUNTINTHISSITUATION,THEVAGUEITEMSMAKETHISPIECEOFNEWSCLEARERANDMOREA