基督教文化对英语谚语的影响【毕业论文】.doc

1、（20_届）本科毕业设计英语基督教文化对英语谚语的影响ONTHECHRISTIANCULTURESINFLUENCEONENGLISHPROVERBSI摘要语言是文化的组成部分、文化的载体,语言与文化密不可分。英语谚语不仅在语言上优美生动，在内容上也蕴涵着丰富的文化知识，几乎涵盖了政治、经济、宗教、风俗、历史等社会生活的各个方面，反映了英语国家人民对社会、自然的深刻理解。语言与文化有着密切的关系，语言反映了一个民族的文化，同时又受到文化的巨大影响，而宗教是人类思想文化的重要组成部分及表现形式。英语谚语集语言学、语音学、美学于一体，给人以启迪、回味，英语谚语有很深的文化底蕴和内涵，学习、使用英语

2、谚语有助于提高使用者的文学水平、文化修养。谚语作为语言的核心和精华，与一个民族的地理环境、历史背景、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、价值观念等方面有着不可分割的联系。本人从基督教对女性歧视现象中以及基督教对时间观产生的影响，来论述基督教对英语谚语的影响。最后从这个影响中得出的五种价值取向，能使我们更好的认识和理解西方社会的宗教文化对他们语言产生的影响，以此更好的了解及交流。关键词谚语；文化；语言；IIABSTRACTLANGUAGEISPARTOFCULTUREANDITISINFLUENCEDANDSHAPEDBYCULTUREENGLISHPROVERBSARENOTONLYBEAUTIFULANDV

3、IVIDINITSLANGUAGE,BUTALSOCONTAINRICHCULTURALKNOWLEDGE,WHICHCOVERSPOLITICS,ECONOMY,RELIGION,CUSTOM,HISTORYANDSOON,ALMOSTALLASPECTSOFSOCIALLIFELANGUAGEHASATIGHTRELATIONSHIPWITHCULTUREANDITREFLECTSCULTUREPROVERBSAREANIMPORTANTPARTOFTHELANGUAGELANGUAGEISCLOSELYCONNECTEDWITHCULTURE，ANDITISGREATLYINFLUENC

4、EDBYCULTUREASWELLASRELIGIONITISANIMPORTANTPARTOFHUMANIDEASANDCULTUREENGLISHPROVERBSGETTOGETHERWITHLINGUISTICS,PHONETICS,AESTHETICS,GIVINGPERSONAFEELOFENLIGHTENMENTENGLISHPROVERBSHAVEVERYDEEPCULTURALBACKGROUNDANDTHECONNOTATIONSTUDYINGANDUSINGENGLISHPROVERBSCANHELPUSIMPROVEOURCULTURALLEVELANDKNOWLEDGE

5、ASTHECOREANDESSENCEOFCULTURE，IDIOMSHAVEANINSEPARABLERELATIONWITHANATIONSGEOGRAPHICALENVIRONMENT，HISTORICALBACKGROUND，CUSTOMSANDCONVENTIONSANDRELIGIOUSBELIEFSTHISARTICLEATTEMPTSTHROUGHTHECHRISTIANCULTUREINFLUENCESONDISCRIMINATEAGAINSTWOMENANDTHETIMECONCEPTTODESCRIBETHEINFLUENCEOFCHRISTIANCULTUREONENG

6、LISHPROVERBSFINALLY,GETTINGTHEFIVEVALUEORIENTATIONSFROMTHEINFLUENCE,WHICHCANMAKEUSKNOWANDUNDERSTANDTHEINFLUENCEOFCHRISTIANCULTUREONENGLISHPROVERBS,ANDGETABETTERCOMMUNICATIONKEYWORDPROVERB,CULTURE,LANGUAGECONTENTSABSTRACT1INTRODUCTION12ENGLISHPROVERBSREFLECTINGRELIGIOUSIDEAS221ENGLISHPROVERBSREFLECTI

7、NGCHRISTIANTEACHINGS222ENGLISHPROVERBSFROMCHRISTIANCEREMONYANDHISTORY33CHRISTIANITYINFLUENCINGONENGLISHPROVERBSINTHESOCIALLIFE331GENDERDISCRIMINATIONAGAINSTWOMEN4311REFLECTINGTHESUBORDINATEPOSITIONOFWOMEN4312REFLECTINGTHEDISTORTIONOFTHETRADITIONALVIEWOFWOMEN4313WOMENBEINGTHECONCERNINSOCIETY532CHRIST

8、IANVIEWSONTHETIMECONCEPT5321PUNCTUALITY5322TIMEPLANNING6323SEIZINGTHEPRESENTOPPORTUNITYTOSETGOALSFORTHEFUTURE64FIVEORIENTATIONSINCHRISTIANITYINFLUENCINGONENGLISHPROVERBS641PERSONANDNATURALRELATIONALORIENTATION642TIMEORIENTATION743BEHAVIORORIENTATION844HUMANNATUREORIENTATION845SOCIALORIENTATION95CONC

9、LUSION9BIBLIOGRAPHY11ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS1211INTRODUCTIONRELIGIONISANIMPORTANTCOMPONENTOFHUMANTHOUGHTANDCULTURESECTIONDIFFERENTRELIGIONSREFLECTDIFFERENTFORMSOFCULTURALEXPRESSIONREFLECTINGTHEDIFFERENTCULTURALCHARACTERISTICSANDDIFFERENTCULTURALBACKGROUNDSPROVERBSANDCULTUREHAVEVERYCLOSERELATIONSHIP,ANDENGL

10、ISHHASAGREATIMPACTONLANGUAGEINFEUDALEUROPEANSOCIETY,CHRISTIANITYPLAYSAPARTICULARLYIMPORTANTROLEITHASBEENREGARDEDASTHESTATERELIGIONINTHELATEROMANEMPIRE,ANDLATERSPREADTHROUGHOUTEUROPEANDTHERESTOFTHEWORLDTHEBIBLEISTHECHRISTIANCLASSIC,INCLUDINGTHE“OLDTESTAMENT“OFTHIRTYNINEVOLUMESANDTHE“NEWTESTAMENT“OFTW

11、ENTYSEVENVOLUMESLANGUAGEISTHECARRIEROFCULTUREASANIMPORTANTPARTOFLANGUAGE,PROVERBSCONTAINTHEINSIGHTSANDINSPIRATIONINPEOPLESLIVINGRELIGIONISACULTUREOFHUMANTHOUGHT,ANIMPORTANTPART,SOTHELANGUAGEANDRELIGIONARECLOSELYRELATEDPROVERBSCERTAINLYCOULDDEFINITELYBEINFLUENCEDBYTHERELIGIONANDTHEREAREMANYRELIGIONSC

12、ULTUREINTHEMODERNENGLISHVOCABULARYASCHRISTIANITYISTHEMAINCULTURALFAITH,ITPLAYSANIMPORTANTPARTINTHEIRCULTURALANDLANGUAGEENVIRONMENTSCERTAINLYITHASASIGNIFICANTINFLUENCEONENGLISHPROVERBSCHRISTIANITYCENTRALTOTHECHRISTIANFAITHISLOVEORAGAPECHRISTIANSALSOBELIEVEJESUSISTHEMESSIAHPROPHESIEDINTHEHEBREWBIBLE,T

13、HESONOFGOD,ANDTHESAVIOROFMANKINDFROMTHEIRSINSMOSTCHRISTIANSBELIEVEINTHEDOCTRINEOFTHETRINITY,ADESCRIPTIONOFGODASFATHER,SON,ANDHOLYSPIRITTHISINCLUDESROMANCATHOLICISM,EASTERNORTHODOXY,ANDTHEVASTMAJORITYOFPROTESTANTISMAMINORITYOFPROTESTANTSANDOTHERINDEPENDENTGROUPSARENONTRINITARIANSTHETERM“CHRISTIAN“ISA

14、LSOUSEDADJECTIVALLYTODESCRIBEANYTHINGASSOCIATEDWITHCHRISTIANITY,ORINAPROVERBIALSENSE“ALLTHATISNOBLE,ANDGOOD,ANDCHRISTLIKENET1PROVERBPROVERBISASIMPLEANDCONCRETESAYINGPOPULARLYKNOWNANDREPEATED,WHICHEXPRESSESATRUTH,BASEDONCOMMONSENSEORTHEPRACTICALEXPERIENCEOFHUMANITYTHEYAREOFTENMETAPHORICALAPROVERBTHAT

15、DESCRIBESABASICRULEOFCONDUCTMAYALSOBEKNOWNASAMAXIMIFAPROVERBISDISTINGUISHEDBYPARTICULARLYGOODPHRASING,ITMAYBEKNOWNASANAPHORISMPROVERBSAREOFTENBORROWEDFROMSIMILARLANGUAGESANDCULTURES,ANDSOMETIMESCOMEDOWNTOTHEPRESENTTHROUGHMORETHANONELANGUAGEBOTHTHEBIBLEANDMEDIEVALLATINHAVEPLAYEDACONSIDERABLEROLEINDIS

16、TRIBUTINGPROVERBSACROSSEUROPE,ALTHOUGHALMOSTEVERYCULTUREHASEXAMPLESOFITSOWNNET2ENGLISHPROVERBSANDCHRISTIANITYAREINSEPARABLETHISTHESISAIMSATINTRODUCINGTHERELATIONBETWEENENGLISHPROVERBSANDCHRISTIANANDTHEINFLUENCEOFCHRISTIANITYONTHEPROVERBS,ANDTHEVALUEORIENTATIONOFENGLISHPROVERBSINCHRISTIANITY222ENGLIS

17、HPROVERBSREFLECTINGRELIGIOUSIDEASRELIGIONASANIDEOLOGICALANDCULTURALEXPRESSIONHASALWAYSPLAYEDASIGNIFICANTROLEINHUMANSOCIETY,OFTENASAMETAPHORINPROVERBSAMONGTHEIDIOMSWITHIMAGES,CONCISE,ANDPROFOUNDMEANINGS,WITS,HUMORANDSOONACONSIDERABLENUMBEROFENGLISHPROVERBSAREDERIVEDFROMTHEBIBLETHEBIBLEWASFIRSTWRITTEN

18、INHEBREWINTHE4THCENTURY,AFTERCONSTANTINETHEMONARCHYOFTHEROMANEMPIREMADEITASTHESTATERELIGIONOFCHRISTIANITY,THEBIBLEWASTRANSLATEDINTOLATINANDTHENITWASINTRODUCEDINTOEUROPEANCOUNTRIESPROFESSORJOHNWYCHTRANSLATEDTHEBIBLEFROMLATININTOENGLISH,ANDADVOCATEDTHEUSEOFENGLISHINCHURCH,SOTHATITFURTHERSPREADINBRITAI

19、NTHEBIBLEISNOTONLYARELIGIOUSCLASSIC,BUTALSOALITERARYMASTERPIECEITOCCUPIESANIMPORTANTPOSITIONINHISTORYOFWORLDLITERATURETHEBIBLEHASAVERYIMPORTANTPOSITIONDURINGTHEPROCESSFORTHEFORMATIONOFLANGUAGEANDSTYLE21REFLECTINGTOCHRISTIANTEACHINGSENGLISHPROVERBSARERELEVANTCHRISTIANTEACHINGSMANYCHARACTERSANDSTORIES

20、AREFROMTHEBIBLETHEBIBLERECORDEDMANYSTORIESANDMANYOFTHEMHAVEBEENWIDELYKNOWNASANIMPORTANTSOURCEOFENGLISHPROVERBSFOREXAMPLE,BYTHESKINOFONESTEETH,APHRASEFROMTHEBOOKOFJOB（SECTION20,CHAPTER19）GODMADEJOBRUIN,ILLNESS,TOTESTWHETHERHEBELIEVEDINGODINTHISCASE,MANYPEOPLEABANDONEDHIM,BUTHEENDUREDHISFRIENDSSAID,“M

21、YFLESHCLOSETOTHEBONES,TEETHSKINIONLYESCAPED“THETEETHARENOSKIN,WHICHISEXTREMELYDANGEROUS,INADDITIONTOALLBUTTHELOSSOFLIFEPEOPLEBORROWTHISPHRASE,WHICHMEANS“NINELIVES“,“ESCAPED“DOUBTINGTHOMASISANOTHEREXAMPLETHISPROVERBCOMESFROMJOHN（SECTION20,CHAPTER2,THENEWTESTAMENT）ONTHETHIRDDAYOFCHRISTSRESURRECTION,HE

22、APPEAREDBEFOREHISDISCIPLES,BUTONEOFHISDISCIPLESTHOMASHAPPENEDNOTTHATDAY,BECAUSEHEDIDNOTWITNESSOFCHRIST,HEDIDNOTBELIEVEOTHERPEOPLE,DIDNOTBELIEVETHATCHRISTHADCOMEBACKTOLIFELATER,PEOPLEUSETHIS“SUSPICIOUS“AND“NOTEASILYTRUSTPEOPLE“TODESCRIBETHEDOUBTINGPERSONTHEBIBLEINWESTERNSOCIETYISTHEREALPUBLICREADINGM

23、ATERIALSANDCULTURALPRIMERS,ANDALMOSTEVERYHOUSEHOLDHASA“BIBLE“THEPROVERBSOWTHEWINDANDREAPTHEWHIRLWINDCOMESFROMBOOKOFHOSEASECTION7,CHAPTER8,THEOLDTESTAMENTDISSATISFACTIONWITHISRAELSIDOLATRYOFGOD,WARNEDTHEM,“THEYHAVESOWNTHEWIND,REAPTHESTORM“PEOPLEUSETHISPROVERBTOEXPRESSTHEEVILTHATWILLMEETDOUBLEPUNISHME

24、NTCHRISTIANITYJUSTLIKEANYOTHERRELIGION,THEBASICCONCEPTISCREATIONISMTHESOULISIMMORTALTHEORYOFPOETICTHEPROVISIONSOFANYRELIGIONHAVEACERTAINMORALANDETHICALPRINCIPLESANDCODEOFCONDUCTTOREGULATETHEMANANDTHEGODTHEBIBLEASTHECHRISTIANITY33SCRIPTURES,ITPLAYSAHUGEASSISTANCEINTHEWESTERNSOCIALDEVELOPMENTITGOESDEE

25、PLYINTOTHELIVESOFPEOPLE,ANDINFLUENCESPEOPLESTHINKINGTHEREAREALOTOFENGLISHPROVERBSOFTHISKINDHEAPCOALSOFFIREONONESHEADITSBETTERTOGIVETHANTOTAKE22DERIVEDFROMCHRISTIANCEREMONYANDHISTORYENGLISHPROVERBSAREFROMCHRISTIANCEREMONYANDHISTORYFOREXAMPLE,INSACKCLOTHANDASHES,ISLITERALLYTRANSLATEDAS“CLOTHEDINSACKCL

26、OTH,THEFIRSTWIPINGCHARCOAL“ITISFROMTHECUSTOMOFTHEANCIENTHEBREWSPARTICIPATINGINRELIGIOUSCEREMONIES,MOURNINGORPENANCE,PEOPLEOFTENPUTONAHORSEORCAMELWOOLBLENDEDWITHTHELIGHTDENIMFLANNEL,ANDTHEIRHEADSCASTCHARCOALLATER,THISPHRASEISUSEDTOSHOWINSORROWBEARONESCROSSMEANS“CARRYINGTHECROSS,“CROSS“ISTHESYMBOLOFCH

27、RISTIANITY,ANDFAITHTHISSYMBOLOFJESUSWASCRUCIFIEDONGOODFRIDAYTOREDEEMSINNERSTHEREFORE,THECROSSMEANS“DEVOTION,“BURDEN“AND“SUFFER“MOSESISTHEHEBREWLEADERACCORDINGTOTHELEGEND,THEBIBLEISHISFIRSTBOOKOFTHEFIVEBOOKLEGALSYSTEM“EXODUS“RECORDSWHENTHEEGYPTIANSCAPTUREDISRAELIS,MOSESWASDOUBLYHUMILIATEDMOSESRECEIVE

28、DTHEGODSCOMMANDTOSAVEFELLOWMAGICCANEANDTODRIVETHEHEBREWSOUTOFEGYPTGODPROMISEDTOGIVETHEMPEACEFORTUNATELY,THEYGOTAFERTILELANDOFCANAANMOSESISTHEGREATESTMIRACLEWHOUSEDTHECANETODIVIDEDTHEREDSEAINTOTWO,ATTHECRITICALTIMETHEREDSEAOPENEDTHEWAYFORTHEHEBREWS,ANDTHENCOMBINEDWATERANDSWALLOWEDTHEEGYPTIANCHASERTHE

29、REFOREFUTUREGENERATIONSUSETHE“MOSESSTICK“TODESCRIBETHATMAGICAPPARATUSORAMIRACLETOOLPEOPLEUSE“PROMISELANDOFGOD“THEGENESIS,200217TOREFERTOTHE“PROMISEDLAND“3CHRISTIANITYINFLUENCINGONENGLISHPROVERBSINTHESOCIALLIFE31GENDERDISCRIMINATIONAGAINSTWOMENMANYENGLISHPROVERBSARERELATEDTOWOMEN,MOSTOFTHEIRCONTENTSR

30、EFLECTTHEWOMENSSUBORDINATESTATUSANDWEAKNESSES,ASWELLASTRADITIONALFEMALESTANDARDSTHECONTENTSOFTHESEPROVERBSCANREFLECTTHETRADITIONALMALEEMOTIONALWORLDFORWOMENSEXCLUSIONORSCORN311REFLECTINGTHESUBORDINATEPOSITIONOFWOMENINTRADITIONALSOCIETIES,WOMENAREOFTENREFERREDTOFRAGILE,LACKINGOFOPINION,ANDALWAYSINAPA

31、SSIVEPOSITIONTHEIRMOSTIMPORTANTTHINGISTOFINDAGOODHUSBAND,HAVEAPERFECTMARRIAGEANDBEARAGOODCHILDTHEPERFECTWOMANOFTHATERAWAS“INNOCENTANDLOVELY,SENSITIVEANDEMOTIONAL,PUREANDPERFECT,SUBMISSIVEGENTLE,DEVOUTRELIGIOUSPIETY,PSYCHOLOGICALDEPENDENCEONMEN,ABSOLUTEOBEDIENCETOFATEOFMARRIAGE“ATTHATTIME,WOMENCOMPLE

32、TELYLOSETHEMSELVES44INCHRISTIANITYTEACHINGS,GODPUTADAMANDEVETOTHEFRONTADAMSAID“THISISNOWBONEOFMYBONESANDFLESHOFFLESH,IWILLCALLHERWOMANBECAUSESHEISTAKENOUTFROMTHEBODYOFAMAN“THUSWECANSEEWOMENAREINTHESUBORDINATEPOSITION,THEFOLLOWINGISANEXAMPLEAWOMAN,ADOGANDAWALNUTTREE,THEMOREYOUBEATTHEM,THEBETTERTHEYWI

33、LLBE312REFLECTINGTHEDISTORTIONOFTHETRADITIONALVIEWOFWOMENONONEHAND,MENGIVETHEWOMENASOCIALPOSITIONTHATWOMENSHOULDNOTHOLDANYSOCIALSCIENCEORANYOTHERPOSITION,THEIRMISSIONISWITHINTHEFAMILYONTHEOTHERHAND,THEYUSETHEMORALSTANDARDSOFTHEPATRIARCHALSOCIETYTOMEASURETHEM,BLAMETHEMTHEYCONSIDERWOMENASTHESYMBOLOF“E

34、VIL”COMPAREDWITHCONVENTIONALSOCIETY,THEYAREAGROUPOFALIENATIONTHEYHAVETHEEVILWOMANSGENERALCHARACTERISTICSINTRADITIONALPATRIARCHALSOCIETYTHEYAREDESCRIBEDASJEALOUS,VICIOUS,CUNNING,ORSKITTISHENGLISHPROVERBWORKEDOUTDURINGTHEEVOLUTIONOFHISTORYWHICHISASPECIALEXPRESSIONOFALANGUAGETHEREISNODOUBTTHATINMANYWAY

35、SITREFLECTSTHEPATRIARCHALSOCIETYEVENOTONLYATETHEFRUITOFTHETREEOFWISDOM,BUTALSORETURNEDTOHERHUSBANDTOEAT,INVIOLATIONOFGODSINJUNCTIONTHERESULTWASTHATSHEWASEXPELLEDFROMTHEGARDENOFEDENEVEHASTHEINESCAPABLERESPONSIBILITYFORHUMANBEINGSDEGENERATIONINCHRISTIANITYANDJUDAISMEVEWASTHEFIRSTWOMANSHEISTHEIMAGESOFT

36、HESOURCEOFALLEVILTHEREFORE,INMYTHOLOGY,DOINGBADTHINGSORCAUSINGTROUBLESAREOFTENTHEGODDESSESFOREXAMPLE,BECAUSEOFTHEGODDESSMISCHIEFERISTHREWANAPPLE,CAUSINGTHEWAROFTROYWHENANASSCLIMBSALADDER，WEMAYFINDWISDOMINWOMENXIEDAREN,198711,SOWECANSEETHEDISTORTIONOFTHETRADITIONALVIEWOFWOMEN313WOMENBEINGTHECONCERNIN

37、SOCIETYINTHEROLESOFMENANDWOMEN,MENAREONAHIGHPOSITION,ANDTHEYGIVEORDERS,WHILEWOMENARETHEPASSIVEVIEWERS,ANDFOLLOWERSWOMENMUSTMEETTHEAESTHETICDESIRESOFMEN,ANDSAFEGUARDTHEAUTHORITYOFMENTHEREAREMANYPROVERBSINPRAISEOFBEAUTY,ANDATTHESAMETIMETOBELITTLETHEBEAUTYTHEREAREHALFHUMANHALFDEMONOFTHESIREN,ONEOFAGROU

38、POFSIRENS,WHOTEMPTSSEAFARERSONSHIPSWITHAWONDERFULSONG,SOTHATTHEVESSELSINKINGAGROUNDONTHEISLANDNOWONDERTHEFRENCHFEMINISTWRITERSIMONEDEBEAUVOIRGERMANYWRITESINHISBOOK“THESECONDSEX”“SINCEANCIENTTIMES,WOMENSSTATUSARELOWERTHANMEN,ASMENSSECONDSEX,NOTBECAUSEOFWOMENBORNFEATURE,BUTALONGTIMECAUSEDBYTHEMALECENT

39、EREDANDTRADITIONALFORCESOFSOCIALFORCES”JUSTASGRACEWILLLAST,BEAUTYWILLBLASTXIEDAREN,198755532CHRISTIANVIEWONTHETIMECONCEPTAMERICANSATTACHGREATIMPORTANCETOTIMETOTHEM,TIMEISARESOURCE,ASUBSTANCE,ANDCANBEUSEDWITHTHEWORDSINENGLISH,TIMECANBEMATCHEDWITH“BUY,SELL,SAVE,SPEND,WASTE,LOSE,MAKEUP,ANDMEASURE”ANDSO

40、ON,WECANSEETHATWESTERNPEOPLETHINKTIMEASACOMMODITYORSIMILARTOITTIMEISMONEYINEQUALOPPORTUNITY,EVERYONECLEANLYKNOWSTHATONLYBYVALUINGTHETIME,THEYCANWININFIERCECOMPETITIONWASTINGTIMEORKILLINGTIME,ISCONSIDEREDASADISGRACE321PUNCTUALITYCHRISTIANITYREQUIRESPEOPLETOBEPUNCTUALINCHRISTIANCULTURE,TIMEANDAPPOINTM

41、ENTISWELLDESERVED,ANDBEINGLATEISRUDEINTHEIRVIEW,ANIDEALMANISONEWHOISPUNCTUALITISINACCORDANCEWITHTHEAGREEDUPONTIMETOATTENDMEETINGSORDOTHINGSNOTWASTINGPEOPLESTIMEISCONSIDEREDTOBEVERYCONSIDERATETHEYGIVETHEPERSONWHOISPUNCTUALAHIGHEVALUATIONANDTHEYTAKESERIOUSLYONTHECORRECTCONCEPTOFTIMETHEIRABILITIESTOCOM

42、PLYWITHTIME,ISRELATEDTOTHEORGANIZATION,THECREDIBILITYORINTERESTSOFINDIVIDUALSANDINSOMECASESEVENINVOLVELEGALLIABILITYINCHRISTIANDOCTRINE,MANYTHOUGHTSREQUIREPEOPLETOBEPUNCTUALSUCHASONTHEGREATTIMEOFCLOCK,THEREISBUTONEWORD“NOW”XIEDAREN,19873322TIMEPLANNINGINACHRISTIANCULTUREANDSOCIETY,THEBOUNDARIESBETWE

43、ENTIMEAREVERYCLEARWHATTIMESHOULDWEDOWHATANDWHATTIMEISPRIORTOTHECOMPLETIONOFWHAT,PEOPLEHAVETOARRANGETIMEVERYCAREFULLYACCORDINGTOTHESURVEYOF91VSOENGLISHTEACHERSINDIFFERENTPROVINCESOFCHINATHATTHEYARENOTSATISFIEDWITHTHECHINESETEACHERWHOTEACHONEOFTHEPLACESIS“SOMETHINGWITHOUTPRIORNOTICEORSHORTNOTICETHISIS

44、AREFLECTIONOFTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTHEIRWORKPLANSTHEYTHINKTHATEVERYTHINGHASITSTIME,ANDDONTPUTOFFTILLTOMORROWWHATSHOULDBEDONETODAYINTHETHOUGHTSOFCHRISTIANTHEYTHINKTIMECANNOTBEWASTEDTHEYHASREADTHEBIBLE,THEIRIDOLMOSESISDEEPUNDERSTANDINGOFLIFEANDTIMEISLIMITED,SOTHEYDONTWASTEASECOND,SCHEDULETHEIROWNTIMETIG

45、HTLYFOREXAMPLELOSTTIMEISNEVERFOUNDAGAIN,ANDWHATWECALLTIMEENOUGHALWAYSPROVESLITTLEENOUGHXIEDAREN,198734323SEIZETHEPRESENTOPPORTUNITYTOSETGOALSFORTHEFUTUREWESTERNPEOPLEBELIEVETHATTHEPRESENTANDTHEFUTUREAREMOREIMPORTANTTHANTHEPASTBECAUSETHEFUTURECANBECHARGEDBYHUMANTHEYBELIEVETHATBOTHINDIVIDUALLYANDCOLLE

46、CTIVELY,ASLONGASTHEYCHERISHTHEPRESENTTIME,ESTABLISHSHORTTERMGOALSANDLONGTERM66GOALS,ARRANGEAGOODTIME,THEYCANCHANGEEVERYTHING,BECAUSEWESTERNCONCEPTOFTIMEISTHEFUTUREORIENTATIONTIMEISONEWAYTORUNASTRAIGHTLINE,WHICHSTEADILYINTOTHEFUTUREASARESULT,WESTERNERSINPARTICULAR,BRITISHANDAMERICANPEOPLEINGENERALVAL

47、UETIME,PAYATTENTIONTOTHESPEEDANDEFFICIENCYTHEREAREMANYPROVERBSONTHISIDEAQUICKATMEAL,QUICKATWORKQUICKFEETANDBUSYHANDFILLTHEMOUTHXIEDAREN,19871284FIVEORIENTATIONSINCHRISTIANITYINFLUENCINGENGLISHPROVERBSMOSTWESTERNPEOPLEARECHRISTIANS,ANDTHEFOLLOWINGFIVEORIENTATIONSINTHECHRISTIANITYOFTHEPROVERBHADASIGNI

48、FICANTINFLUENCE41PERSONANDNATURALRELATIONALORIENTATIONTHEREARETHREEDIFFERENTVALUESOFDIFFERENTCULTURESONTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENMANANDNATUREHUMANSUBJECTTOTHENATURAL,HUMANANDNATUREINHARMONYANDHUMANOVERNATUREINRELATIONSHIPBETWEENHUMANANDNATUREINCHRISTIANITY,NOTONLYHASTHEDUALISM,WHICHMEANSMANANDNATUREARES

49、EPARATINGFROMEACHOTHER,BUTALSOHASTHEEQUALITYTHEORYTHATTAKESTHEGODASLINK,BUTTHEMOSTTYPICALIS“ANTHROPOCENTRISM“INTHECHRISTIANVIEW,GODCREATESTHEWORLD,BUTONLYMANISCREATEDBYGODSOWNIMAGE,ONLYPERSONNELWITHTHESOULOFMANCANSAVETHEEXISTENCEOFGODTHEGENESISDECLARES,INALLCREATEDTHINGSOFGOD,HEMOSTLIKEHUMANBEINGSHEHOPESTHEPROSPERITYOFMANKIND,ANDCONQUERTHEEARTHINCLUDINGTHERULINGFISHOFTHESEA,BIRDSOFTHEAIRANDTHECRAWLINGANIMALSONTHELANDACCORDINGTOTHISVIEWOFGENESIS,MANISTHEMASTEROFNATURE,NOTITSMEMBERSPEOPLEARESIGNIFICANTHIGHERTHANOTHERFORMSOFLIFE,ALLTHECREATURESARECREATEDBYGOD,THESERVIC