模糊语在商务英语信函中的语用功能【毕业论文】.docx

1、（20_届）本科毕业设计英语模糊语在商务英语信函中的语用功能THEPRAGMATICFUNCTIONOFVAGUELANGUAGEINBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCE内容摘要模糊与精确是人类语言的两种基本属性。“模糊”的概念和理论自从提出后的几十年里，人们对模糊语言进行了系统的研究。商务英语信函一贯要求内容和信息准确，所以商务英语信函中的模糊语一直被忽略了。本文从四个方面对模糊语之前的研究进行了归纳，然后对商务英语信函做出分析。最后探讨了以下两个问题（1）不同类型的英语商务信函中模糊语的使用情况（2）在英语商务信函中模糊语具有哪些功能。从对相关英语商务信函的分析和研究，模糊语在中性

2、或好消息，传递不愉快和不确定答复的信息和说服信三种信函中，运用是不同的。而且模糊语言在商务交际中有四个语用功能使商务语言更礼貌和更有说服性；提高商务语言的灵活性，增强商务语言的正确性和提高写信人自我保护功能。关键词模糊；模糊语；商务信函；语用功能。IIABSTRACTVAGUENESSANDPRECISIONARETHEBASICATTRIBUTESOFHUMANLANGUAGESINCETHECONCEPTANDTHEORYOFVAGUELANGUAGEWASPROPOSEDBYLAZADEHIN1965,MUCHHASBEENDONEINSYSTEMATICANDDESCRIPTIVEST

3、UDYOFVAGUELANGUAGEBUSINESSENGLISHHASALWAYSBEENREQUIREDTOBECLEARANDCONCRETE,SOTHESTUDYOFVAGUELANGUAGEINTHISFIELDHASLONGBEENNEGLECTEDTHEAUTHORTAKESAREVIEWOFPREVIOUSRESEARCHONVAGUELANGUAGEFROMFOURPERSPECTIVESANDTHENMAKESANANALYSISONTHEBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCETHISSTUDYATTEMPTSTOEXPLORETHEFOLLOWINGTWOQUEST

4、IONS1HOWDOESTHEADDRESSERUSEVAGUELANGUAGEINDIFFERENTTYPEOFBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCE2WHATPRAGMATICFUNCTIONSDOESTHEVAGUELANGUAGEMAKEINBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCEBASEDONTHEDEFINITIONANDDELIMITATIONOFVAGUELANGUAGEINTHEPRESENTSTUDYANDTHEANALYSISOFTHEDATA,ITISFOUNDTHATTHEUSEOFVAGUELANGUAGEISDIFFERENTINGOODNEWSANDN

5、EUTRALLETTERS,BADNEWSLETTERANDPERSUASIVELETTERSVAGUELANGUAGEHASFOURPRAGMATICFUNCTIONSINWRITTENBUSINESSCOMMUNICATION1MAKINGTHEWRITINGMOREPOLITEANDPERSUASIVE,ENHANCINGTHEFLEXIBILITYOFBUSINESSLANGUAGE,MAKINGTHEEXPRESSIONMOREACCURATE,ANDENSURINGSELFPROTECTIONKEYWORDSVAGUEVAGUELANGUAGEBUSINESSCORRESPONDE

6、NCEPRAGMATICFUNCTIONIIICONTENTSABSTRACT1INTRODUCTION111OVERVIEW112RATIONALEOFTHEPRESENTSTUDY113THESPECIFICRESEARCHQUESTIONS214OUTLINEOFTHETHESIS32REVIEWOFPREVIOUSRESEARCHONVAGUELANGUAGE321PRAGMATICPERSPECTIVE322PHILOSOPHERPERSPECTIVE323PSYCHOLOGICALPERSPECTIVE324SEMANTICPERSPECTIVE43BUSINESSCORRESPO

7、NDENCES431DEFINITIONOFBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCE432CLASSIFICATIONOFBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCE533PRINCIPLEFORBUSINESSWRITING54SPECIFICCONTEXTSOFUSINGVAGUELANGUAGEINBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCE641EMPLOYMENTOFVAGUELANGUAGEINGOODNEWSANDNEUTRALLETTERS642EMPLOYMENTOFVAGUELANGUAGEINBADNEWSLETTER843EMPLOYMENTOFVAGUELANGU

8、AGEINPERSUASIVELETTERS95FOURPRAGMATICFUNCTIONSOFVAGUELANGUAGEINBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCE1051MAKINGTHEWRITINGMOREPOLITEANDPERSUASIVE1152ENHANCINGTHEFLEXIBILITYOFBUSINESSLANGUAGE1253MAKINGTHEEXPRESSIONMOREACCURATE1354ENSURINGSELFPROTECTION136CONCLUSION1461MAJORFINDINGS1462IMPLICATIONS1463SUGGESTIONFORFUR

9、THERSTUDY15BIBLIOGRAPHY16ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS171INTRODUCTIONVAGUENESSANDPRECISIONARETHEBASICATTRIBUTESOFHUMANLANGUAGE,BOTHOFTHEMAREVERYIMPORTANTPRECISIONISNEEDEDMOSTOFTIMEWHENPEOPLEWANTTOEXPRESSEMOTION,WHILEVAGUENESSALSOPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEBECAUSESOMETHINGSAREVAGUEINFACT,VAGUELANGUAGEDOESNTAFFECTCOMMUNI

10、CATIONONTHECONTRARY,ITHASSPECIALFUNCTIONS,MAKINGTHEWORDSMOREPOLITEANDFLEXIBLEASTHEDEVELOPMENTOFINTERNATIONALBUSINESS,PEOPLEPAYMOREATTENTIONONTHEVAGUELANGUAGEINBUSINESSCORRESPONDSINTHEPRESENTTHESIS,THEAUTHORFINDSTHATVAGUELANGUAGEISUSEDTOREALIZETHEADDRESSERSCOMMUNICATIVEINTENTION,ANDITISTHERESULTOFTHE

11、ADAPTATIONTOVARIOUSCONTEXTS11OVERVIEWSINCEZADEHFIRSTPROPOSEDTHECONCEPTANDTHEORYOFVAGUELANGUAGE,PEOPLEHAVEDONEMUCHSYSTEMATICDESCRIPTIVESTUDYONVAGUELANGUAGEMANYLINGUISTSTHINKVAGUELANGUAGEPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINCOMMUNICATIONWHETHERONECANPROPERLYUSEVAGUELANGUAGESHOWSONESLANGUAGEPERFORMANCE,BECAUSEVAGUELAN

12、GUAGEISANINSEPARABLEPARTOFLANGUAGECOMMUNICATIONZHANG,1998ITCANBEEASILYFOUNDTHATVAGUELANGUAGEHASALWAYSBEENUSEDASACOMMUNICATIVESTRATEGYINBUSINESSACTIVITIESTHEADDRESSERSHOWSHISCOMMUNICATIVEATTENTIONBYITANDITALSOPROVIDESADDRESSEEWITHAGUIDELINEFORUNDERSTANDINGTHEADDRESSERSINTENTIONSCRYSTALANDDAVY1975GIVE

13、FOURREASONSFORVAGUENESSAMEMORYLOSSTHESPEAKERFORGETSTHECORRECTWORDBTHELANGUAGEHASNOSUITABLEEXACTWORD,ORTHESPEAKERDOESNOTKNOWITCTHESUBJECTOFTHECONVERSATIONISNOTSUCHTHATISREQUIRESPRECISION,ANDANAPPROXIMATIONORCHARACTERIZATIONWILLDODTHECHOICEOFAVAGUEITEMISDELIBERATETOMAINTAINTHEATMOSPHERECHANNEL2000ARGU

14、ESTHAT“VAGUENESSINLANGUAGEISNEITHERALLBADNORALLGOODWHATMATTERSISTHATVAGUELANGUAGEISUSEDAPPROPRIATELY”IFITISUSEDPROPERLY,VAGUELANGUAGEWOULDLEADUNEXPECTEDSUCCESS12RATIONALEOFPRESENTSTUDYTHEAUTHORCHOOSESTHEVAGUELANGUAGEINBUSINESSCORRESPONDSASTHEOBJECTOFTHEPRESENTSTUDYMAINLYBECAUSEOFTHEFOLLOWINGREASONSF

15、IRSTLY,ALTHOUGHVAGUELANGUAGEHASBEENACCEPTEDEXTENSIVELY,ANDTHERESEARCHESABOUTITAREMOREANDMORE,THEREISSTILLALITTLERESEARCHABOUTTHEVAGUELANGUAGEINBUSINESSCORRESPONDSMAYBEITISBECAUSETHETRADITIONALIDEATHATBUSINESSCORRESPONDSSHOULDBECLEARLYANDACCURATELYWITHOUTANYAMBIGUITYHOWEVERTHISSTUDYARGUESTHATPROPERVA

16、GUELANGUAGEHASTHESPECIALCHARACTERISTICSOTHERWORDSCANTINSTEADSECONDLY,THESTUDYONVAGUELANGUAGEINBUSINESSCORRESPONDSHASPRACTICALSIGNIFICANTPEOPLECANUSEVAGUELANGUAGEPERFECTLYIFTHEYCOMPREHENDITTHEADDRESSERCANSHOWHISINTENTIONWITHVAGUELANGUAGEANDTHEREADERCANUNDERSTANDINGTHEREALMEANOFTHELETTERTHIRDLY,INTRAD

17、ITIONALOPINION,WRITINGBUSINESSCORRESPONDSSHOULDFOLLOW7CSPRINCIPLE,THATIS,BECLEAR,CONCISE,CORRECT,COURTEOUS,CONVERSATIONAL,CONVINCINGANDCOMPLETEHOWEVER,INSOMESITUATION,THE7CSCANTMEETTHEDEMANDBECAUSENOTEVERYTHINGINBUSINESSISCERTAINSOMETIMES,PEOPLEWILLADOPTVAGUELANGUAGERATHERTHANFOLLOWSTRICTLYTHE7CSSOA

18、STOAVOIDUNNECESSARYDISPUTESORTOFACILITATEBUSINESSDEAL13THESPECIFICRESEARCHQUESTIONTHEPRESENTSTUDYHASFOCUSEDONTHEEMPLOYMENTOFVAGUELANGUAGEINBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCE,ANDINSODOING,ITHASSETOUTTOWORKTOWARDSANSWERSTOTHEFOLLOWINGTWOQUESTIONS1HOWDOESTHEADDRESSERUSEVAGUELANGUAGEINDIFFERENTTYPEOFBUSINESSCORRESP

19、ONDENCE2WHATPRAGMATICFUNCTIONSDOESTHEVAGUELANGUAGEMAKEINBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCE14OUTLINEOFTHETHESISTHISTHESISCONSISTSOFSIXCHAPTERSCHAPTERONEISAGENERALPICTUREOFTHEVAGUELANGUAGEITINTRODUCESTHEVAGUELANGUAGEANDTHERATIONALOFTHESTUDYANDTHERESEARCHQUESTIONSCHAPTERTWOISAREVIEWOFPREVIOUSRESEARCHONVAGUELANGUAG

20、EANDTHEAUTHORMAINLYFOCUSESONPRAGMATICPERSPECTIVECHAPTERTHREEGIVESARESEARCHONBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCEANDITMAINLYFOCUSESONTHECLASSIFICATIONOFBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCEAND7CPRINCIPLESINBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCEWRITINGCHAPTERFOURDESCRIBESTHEDIFFERENTUSEOFVAGUELANGUAGEINDIFFERENTTYPEOFBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCEINTHIS

21、CHAPTER,THEAUTHORUSESMANYBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCESASEXAMPLESTOSHOWTHATVAGUELANGUAGEUSEDINEACHTYPEOFLETTERISTHERESULTOFADAPTATIONTOITSSPECIFICCONTEXTTHEEMPLOYMENTFREQUENCYISDIFFERENTINGOODNEWSANDNEUTRALLETTERS,BADNEWSLETTERANDPERSUASIVELETTERSINCHAPTERFIVE,THEAUTHORGETSFOURPRAGMATICFUNCTIONOFVAGUELANGU

22、AGEINBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCEMAKINGTHEWRITINGMOREPOLITEANDPERSUASIVE,ENHANCINGTHEFLEXIBILITYOFBUSINESSLANGUAGE,MAKINGTHEEXPRESSIONMOREACCURATE,ANDENSURINGSELFPROTECTIONTHECHAPTERSIXISACONCLUSIONWHICHSUMMARIZESTHEMAJORFINDINGSOFTHEPRESENTSTUDYATTHESAMETIME,SOMESUGGESTIONSAREPROVIDEDFORFURTHERRESEARCHON

23、VAGUELANGUAGE2REVIEWOFPREVIOUSRESEARCHONVAGUELANGUAGETHEFOLLOWINGISABRIEFSURVEYOFTHERELATEDSTUDIESONVAGUELANGUAGESINCETHEPRESENTSTUDYISABOUTTHEEMPLOYMENTOFVAGUELANGUAGEINWRITTENBUSINESSDISCOURSEVAGUELANGUAGEISANINTERDISCIPLINARYSUBJECTWITHFOURPERSPECTIVES,NAMELYPHILOSOPHICALPERSPECTIVE,PSYCHOLOGICAL

24、PERSPECTIVE,SEMANTICPERSPECTIVEANDPRAGMATICPERSPECTIVEANDITWILLMAINLYFOCUSONPRAGMATICPERSPECTIVE21PRAGMATICPERSPECTIVEWHATPRAGMATICSFOCUSESONISTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENLANGUAGEANDLANGUAGEUSERS,ANDTHEPRAGMATICPRINCIPLEOFTHELANGUAGEATMOSPHEREISVERYIMPORTANTTOTHISRELATIONSHIPPEOPLEALWAYSENHANCETHESPEAKING

25、EFFECTWITHVAGUELANGUAGECHANNELISONEOFTHEMOSTFAMOUSLINGUISTINTHISASPECTSHETHINKSTHATUSINGVAGUELANGUAGEISALANGUAGEPOLICYFORNATIVEENGLISHSPEAKERSINHERVAGUELANGUAGE,CHANNELLISTSEIGHTSITUATIONSORPURPOSESFORPEOPLETOUSEVAGUELANGUAGEGIVINGTHERIGHTAMOUNTOFINFORMATIONDELIBERATEWITHHOLDINGINFORMATIONLEXICALGAP

26、SLACKINGSPECIFICINFORMATIONDISPLACEMENTSELFPROTECTIONPOWERANDPOLITENESSINFORMATIONANDATMOSPHEREWOMENSLANGUAGECHANNEL,2000194THEVAGUELANGUAGESPRAGMATICFUNCTIONCANBESEENFROMTHEABOVEREVIEWANDAPRAGMATICPERSPECTIVEISNECESSARYINTHEPRESENTSTUDYFORTHEPURPOSEOFEXPLORINGTHEPRAGMATICFUNCTIONOFVAGUELANGUAGE22PH

27、ILOSOPHICALPERSPECTIVEWITHTHELINGUISTICTURNOFPHILOSOPHYATTHEENDOFNINETEENTHCENTURY,SOMEATTENTIONISDRAWNTOTHEPHENOMENONOFVAGUENESSOFNATURALLANGUAGEINTHEPHILOSOPHICALCIRCLEBALLMERPLEASELETUSKNOWIFYOUWOULDLIKETOTAKETHEMATTERFUTUREWEWOULDBEVERYHAPPYTOSENDSAMPLESTOYOUFORCLOSERINSPECTIONFORYOURINFORMATION

28、,WEAREPLANNINGARANGEOFCLASSICALENGLISHDINNERSERVICESWHICHSHOULDDOWELLINTHENORTHAMERICANMARKETWEWILLKEEPYOUINFORMEDONOURPROGRESSANDLOOKINGFORWARDTOHEARINGFROMYOUYOURSFAITHFULLY,PETERVAGUELANGUAGEISMOSTFREQUENTLYEMPLOYEDINTHISTYPEOFLETTERANDTHELETTERBECOMESATTRACTIVEANDPERSUASIVEWITHVAGUEWORDSINTHEABO

29、VEEXAMPLE,THEADDRESSERPERSUADESTHEADDRESSEETOPURCHASETHEIRNEWPRODUCTSWITHFREQUENTEMPLOYMENTOFVAGUELANGUAGEWHICHMAKESTHELETTERMOREPERSUASIVEHOWEVER,IFTHELETTERWASWRITTENWITHOUTVAGUELANGUAGE,ITWOULDBEVERYNORMALANDTHEPERSUASIVEFUNCTIONWILLBELITTLECONCLUSIONITCANBEEASILYFOUNDTHATVAGUELANGUAGEEXISTSINEVE

30、RYTYPEOFBUSINESSCORRESPONDSANDINDIFFERENTCONTEXTUAL,DIFFERENTVAGUELANGUAGEAREUSEDTOEXPRESSTHEADDRESSERSINTENTIONANDASWESEE,THEEMPLOYMENTFREQUENCYAREALSODIFFERENTINDIFFERENTTYPEOFBUSINESSCORRESPONDSINGOODNEWSANDNEUTRALLETTERS,LITTLEVAGUELANGUAGEISUSEDWHILEMOREVAGUELANGUAGEEXISTSINBADNEWSLETTERANDPERS

31、UASIVELETTERSANDTHECHOSENOFTHEVAGUELANGUAGEDEPENDSONTHEWRITINGPURPOSESCHANNEL2000ARGUESTHAT“VAGUENESSINLANGUAGEISNEITHERALLBADNORALLGOODWHATMATTERSISTHATVAGUELANGUAGEISUSEDAPPROPRIATELY”IFITISPROPERLYUSEDINBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCE,THEVAGUENESSWILLPROMOTETHEBUSINESSCOMMUNICATIONANDHELPTOFULFILLTHECOMMU

32、NICATIVEPURPOSES5FOURPRAGMATICFUNCTIONSOFVAGUELANGUAGEINBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCEWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIOECONOMIC,ENGLISHBUSINESSCORRESPONDSHASBECAMEAIMPORTANTWAYTOCOMMUNICATIONWITHEACHOTHERINTHEGLOBALECONOMICFIELDSPEOPLECANEXCHANGETHEINFORMATION,CONTACTBUSINESSANDDEALWITHPROBLEMSBYITNOWTHEREAREM

33、UCHVAGUELANGUAGEAREUSEDEXTENSIVELYINBUSINESSCORRESPONDSANDITNOTONLYAFFECTTHEPRECISENESSOFTHEEXPRESSIONBUTALSOGETMANYADVANTAGESVAGUELANGUAGEHASFOURPRAGMATICFUNCTIONSINWRITTENBUSINESSCOMMUNICATION1TOMAKETHEWRITINGMOREPOLITEANDPERSUASIVE2TOENHANCETHEFLEXIBILITYOFBUSINESSLANGUAGE3TOMAKETHEEXPRESSIONMORE

34、ACCURATE4TOENSURESELFPROTECTION51MAKINGTHEWRITINGMOREPOLITEANDPERSUASIVEPOLITENESSISABASICPRINCIPLEINPEOPLESCOMMUNICATIONANDWESHOULDCONSIDERTHEFEELINGSOFOTHERSBROWNANDLEVINSON1987SUGGESTTHAT“ONEWAYFORSPEAKERSTOBEPOLITEWHENEXPRESSINGAPOINT,WHICHMIGHTBECONSTRUEDASTHREATENINGORRUDETOTHEHEARER,ISTOBEVAG

35、UE”LIKEWISE,CHANNELL1994206ARGUESTHATANUNDERSTANDINGOFVAGUESTRATEGIESWOULDSEEMTOBEESSENTIALTOTHEANALYSISOFSOMETYPESOFPOLITENESSPILEGAARD199735POINTSOUTTHATINBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCE,POLITENESSSTRATEGIESAREUSEDTO1PREPARETHEGROUPFORFORMULATIONOFTHELETTERSMAINREQUEST,2REDRESSTHEFACETHREATENINGACTOFREQUES

36、TING,AND3ROUNDOFFTHELETTERCHANNELL2000HOLDSTHAT“VAGUENESSISUSEDASONEWAYOFADHERINGTOTHEPOLITENESSRULESFORAPARTICULARCULTUREANDOFNOTTHREATENINGFACE”VAGUELANGUAGEINBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCECANSAVEBOTHTHEADDRESSERSANDTHEADDRESSEESFACEALEXANDER199418POINTOUTTHAT“YOURREADERMUSTBEADDRESSEDINASINCERE,POLITETON

37、EYOURLETTERSHOULDBECOURTEOUSWHENWRITINGBUSINESSLETTERS”NOWTHATPOLITENESSISANIMPORTANTPRINCIPLEOFBUSINESSCORRESPONDENCE,ANDONEWAYTOFOLLOWTHISRULEISTOUSEVAGUELANGUAGE1YOURREPLYISALITTLELATETHEUSEOF“ALITTLE”EASETHETOUGHTONE,MAKESOPPONENTAWAREHISMISTAKEBUTGIVEHIMFACETHISPRACTICEISPOLITEANDSOCIALLYITMAKE

38、SPOSSIBILITYFORTHECOOPERATIONNEXTTIME2WESAWOTHERCOMPANYSCATALOGUE,ANDIMAFRAIDTHATYOURPRICEISNOTCOMPETITIVEITDOESNTUSE“EXPENSIVE”BUT“ISNOTCOMPETITIVE”THEIRMEANSARETHESAMEWHILETHESECONDONEISMOREPOLITEANDACCEPTABLEHUBLER1983ALSOHOLDSTHATTHEREASONFORUSINGHEDGESISTOMAKESENTENCESMOREACCEPTABLETOTHEADDRESS

39、EEANDTHUSINCREASETHEIRCHANCESOFRATIFICATION,WHICHINTURNWOULDFACILITATEBUSINESSACCORDINGTOHUBLERTHEFUNCTIONOFHEDGEISTOREDUCETHECHANCESOFNEGATION,WHICHCOULDSAVEBOTHOFTHEADDRESSERSANDTHEADDRESSEESFACESOITISVERYIMPORTANTTOPAYATTENTIONTOTHEPRINCIPLEOFPOLITENESSINBUSINESSCORRESPONDS,ANDITISAPRAGMATICPRINC

40、IPLEWEMUSTFOLLOWCHANNELSUMMARIZEDTHATONEOFTHEPURPOSESOFUSINGVAGUELANGUAGEISFORUSINGLANGUAGEPERSUASIVELY3ASABUSYMANAGER,YOUAPPRECIATETHEIMPORTANCEOFMEETINGDEADLINESCUSTOMERSDEMANDPROMPTSERVICEONTHEOTHERHAND,YOUARESENSITIVETOYOUREMPLOYEESNEEDWHENTHEDAYISTOOHECTICFORANHOURAWAYFORLUNCH,EMPLOYEEPERFORMAN

41、CECANSUFFERGORDONSDELIHASASOLUTIONTHATWILLPERFECTLYSERVEYOURNEEDSTHEADDRESSERUSES“PROMPT”AND“PERFECTLY”TODESCRIBETHESERVICEWHICHISDEMANDEDBYTHECUSTOMERANDTHEQUALITYSERVICETHEYOFFERRESPECTIVELYTHETWOWORDSGIVETHEINFORMATIONTHATWHATYOUNEEDISJUSTWHATTHEFAXFOODSERVICEOFFERS,THISSERVICEMAYBEYOURRIGHTCHOIC

42、EANDITISMOREPERSUASIVETHANEXPRESSTHEMEANDIRECTLY52ENHANCINGTHEFLEXIBILITYOFBUSINESSLANGUAGEPRECISENESSANDACCURATEISINDISPENSABLEINBUSINESSBUTSOMETIMEWENEEDVAGUELANGUAGETOAVOIDTHECONVERSATIONBETOOABSOLUTEBECAUSESOMEQUESTIONSAREBEYONDYOURAUTHORITYORITISTHEIMPROPERTIMETOANSWERTHESEQUESTIONSVAGUELANGUAG

43、ESUPPLIESARELATIVELYFLEXIBLESPACEFORPEOPLEINBUSINESSCOMMUNICATIONTOMOVEBACKANDFROTHEADDRESSERLEAVESMOREROOMFORMANEUVERINLATERBUSINESSCOMMUNICATIONTHISKINDOFLANGUAGEFLEXIBILITYCANMAKECERTAININTENTIONSREALIZED1OURCARGOWILLARRIVEATTHEENDOFJUNETHEADDRESSERDOESNTPOINTTHEACCURATEDATEOFDELIVERYBECAUSEHECAN

44、TMAKESURE“ATTHEENDOFJUNE”NOTONLYEXPRESSESTHEPROBABLEDATEOFDELIVERYBUTALSOGIVEMOREROOMFORTHECOMPANYINBUSINESSACTIVITIES,WHENSOMEQUESTIONSHASBEENOUTOFTHEEXTENTOFYOURCOMPETENCEORYOUDONTTHINKITSAGOODTIMETOSAY,VAGUELANGUAGEISAGOODCHOICE2ITSATTHEDISPOSALOFTHEBOARDWEWILLGIVEYOUOURREPLYASSOONASPOSSIBLEALTHO

45、UGHITPOINTS“ASSOONASPOSSIBLE”,STILLDOESNTGIVETHEACCURATETIMEANDITALLDEPENDSONTHEBOARDSTHOUGHTS3OURPRICESCOMPAREFAVORABLYWITHTHOSEOFFEREDBYOTHERMANUFACTURESEITHERINEUROPEORANYWHEREELSE,ANDWEAREONEOFTHEBESTMANUFACTURERSINTHISLINEHEREAREOURLATESTPRICESHEETS,YOULLSEEOURPRICESHEETS,ANDYOULLSEEOURPRICESAR

46、EMOSTCOMPETITIVESELLERUSES“ORANYWHEREELSE,ONEOFTHEBEST,MOSTCOMPETITIVETOATTRACTTHEPURCHASERSALTHOUGHITDOESNTDESCRIBECOMPANYSPRODUCTIONS,ITMAKESAGOODIMPRESSIONTHEBUYERTHINKSTHISCOMPANYISABETTERCHOICEASCHANNEL2000ARGUES,VAGUELANGUAGEMAYBEUSEDASASAFEGUARDAGAINSTBEINGLATERSHOWNTOBEWRONGINHISREGARDFROMTH

47、EANALYSISOFTHEABOVEEXAMPLES,WECANSEETHATTHEADDRESSERMAYHAVETHEINITIATIVEINBUSINESSTRANSACTIONBYUSINGVAGUELANGUAGEATTHESAMETIME,ITENHANCESTHECOOPERATIONBETWEENTHETWOPARTIES53MAKINGTHEEXPRESSIONMOREACCURATESOMETIMESTHEEXPRESSIONWITHVAGUELANGUAGESEEMSMOREACCURATEBECAUSETHEUNCERTAINTYOFOBJECTIVETHINGSAM

48、ERICANPHILOSOPHERHPGRICESUGGESTEDTHATINCOMMUNICATION,PEOPLESHOULDFOLLOWTHEBASICPRINCIPLE“COOPERATIVEPRINCIPLE”TOGUARANTEETHEDIALOGUESUCCESSIN1967HEPUTTEDFORWARDTHEFOURMAXIMSTHEMAXIMOFQUANTITY,THEMAXIMOFQUALITY,THEMAXIMOFRELEVANCEANDTHEMAXIMOFMANNERTHEMAXIMOFQUALITYREQUIRESPROVIDINGFACTUALINFORMATION

49、ANDITISNOTPERMITTEDTOSAYTHEWORDSWHICHAREFICTITIOUSORLACKINGOFSUFFICIENTEVIDENCETHEVAGUELANGUAGEINBUSINESSCORRESPONDSFOLLOWSTHEMAXIMOFQUALITY1ASFARASWEKNOW,INSURANCECOMPANIESACCEPTGOODSPACKEDINCARTONSTOBEINSUREDAGAINSTTPNDTHEADDRESSERWANTSTOPROVIDETHEINFORMATIONABOUTCARGOINSURANCETORESTTHEBUYERSHEARTBUTHEISNOTSUREABOUTWEATHERTHISINFORMATIONISTRUE,SOHEUSES“ASFARASWEKNOW”ITMEANSITSJUSTTHEINFORMATIONWEKNOW,WECANTGUARANTEEITSTRUTH2ITSEEMSTHATTHECOSTINTHISYEARWOULDBEABOUTFOURHUNDREDMILLIONDOLLARSTHEADDRESSERUSE“ITSEEMS”AND“ABOUTFOURHUNDREDMILLIONDOLLARS”TOF