浅析海明威《乞力马札罗山的雪》中的死亡主题和意识流写作手法【毕业论文】.doc

1、I（20_届）本科毕业设计英语浅析海明威乞力马札罗山的雪中的死亡主题和意识流写作手法ONDEATHTHEMEANDTHESTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESSINTHESNOWSOFKILIMANJAROIIABSTRACTDEATHTHEMEANDTHESTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESSHAVELONGBEENIMPORTANTASPECTSFORTHELITERARYCRITICISMSOFHEMINGWAYSWORKSINWESTERNCOUNTRIESHOWEVER,CHINESESCHOLARSHAVEMAINLYFOCUSEDONHEMINGWAYSNOVELSINDE

2、ALINGTHESETWOASPECTSWHICHCANALSOBEADEQUATELYREFLECTEDINHISSHORTSTORIESHEMINGWAYSSHORTSTORIESARECLOSELYRELATEDTOHISPERSONALEXPERIENCEANDAREVALUABLEFORUSTOTAKETHEINTERPRETATIONOFHEMINGWAYSEXPLORATIONONDEATHTHEMEANDTHESTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESSTHISARTICLEISTODEALWITHTHEDEATHTHEMEANDTHESTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESST

3、HROUGHCLOSEREADINGOFTHESNOWSOFKILIMANJAROKEYWORDSHEMINGWAYSHORTSTORYDEATHTHEMETHESTREAMOFCONSCIOUSIII摘要死亡主题和意识流写作手法一直是西方国家对海明威作品的两大批评方向。然而，在中国，人们主要通过海明威的长篇小说来研究这两大方面。其实，它们也可以通过海明威的短篇小说充分体现出来。这些短篇小说和他的人生经历息息相关，值得我们对于他的死亡主题和意识流写作方式做进一步的研究和探索。本论文以乞力马札罗山的雪为细读文本，探讨海明威作品的死亡主题和意识流写作手法。关键词海明威；短篇小说；死亡主题；意识流写

4、作手法IVCONTENTS1BACKGROUNDINFORMATION111THEDEATHTHEMEANDTHESTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESS112LITERATUREREVIEW22HEMINGWAYSVIEWOFDEATHTHEMEINTHESNOWOFKILIMANJARO321CHARACTERIZATION422SETTING523PLOT63HEMINGWAYANDHISSTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESSINTHESNOWOFKILIMANJARO731HEMINGWAYANDHISSTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESS732THEFUNCTIONOFHE

5、MINGWAYSSTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESS833THECHARACTERISTICSOFHEMINGWAYSSTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESS104THESIGNIFICANCEOFHISDEATHTHEMEANDTHESTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESS105CONCLUSIONS12BIBLIOGRAPHY14ACKNOWLEDGEMENT1511BACKGROUNDINFORMATIONIN1918,HEMINGWAYPARTICIPATEDINWWIWHILEDRIVINGACARTHROUGHANITALIANTERRITORYANDWARZONE,HE

6、WASWOUNDEDBYSHRAPNELDURINGHIS20MONTHSTAYINTHEHOSPITALFORTREATMENT,237PIECESOFSHRAPNELWEREREMOVEDFROMHISLEGSALONEHISSERIOUSINJURYLEFTHIMWITHINSOMNIAANDPOSTTRAUMATICSTRESSDISORDERIN1936,THESPANISHCIVILWARBROKEOUTHERUSHEDTOTHEFRONTASAJOURNALIST,ANDWITNESSEDTHELIFEANDDEATHINTHESPANISHCIVILWARDURINGWORLD

7、WARII,HEONCEAGAINWENTONTHEENTIREBATTLEFIELDASAJOURNALISTINACARACCIDENTONTHEFRONTLINES,HEGOTASERIOUSHEADINJURYTHEWOUNDSWERECLOSEDWITH57STITCHESINTHEMEANTIME,BECAUSEOFTHECRASH,HEHADASERIOUSCONCUSSIONIN1949,HISEYEWASWOUNDEDBYASHOTGUNSHELLCASINGIN1954,WHILEHUNTINGINAFRICA,HESURVIVEDACRASHERNESTHEMINGWAY

8、SLIFEWASONECATASTROPHEFOLLOWINGANOTHERALTHOUGHHESURVIVEDEVERYTIME,THESHADOWOFDEATHSTRUCKFEARINHISHEARTEVENMINORSTRANGEHAPPENINGSTOOKONUNDUEOMINOUSASSOCIATIONSEVENTHEDEATHOFHISFATHER,SUICIDE,HADATREMENDOUSIMPACTONHIMSEVERALYEARSLATER,HISMOTHERGAVEHIMTHEREVOLVERWITHWHICHHISFATHERHADCOMMITTEDSUICIDEANA

9、CCOMPANYINGCARDSHOWEDTHEWORDS,“MAYBEYOUWANTTOSAVEIT”TOTHISHEREPLIED,“IREALLYDONOTKNOWWHATTHISMEANS”SCOTTDONALDSON,2000THOSELEGENDARY,UNIQUE,ANDCOMPLEXEXPERIENCESVISIBLYSTRENGTHENEDTHEUNDERSTANDINGOFHISLIFEFURTHERMORE,SERIOUSILLNESSFURTHERCOLOREDHISIMAGINATIONCONCERNINGDEATH,WHICHINSPIRESCOMPLEXNEURO

10、TICSENTIMENTS,ASWELLASRELIGIOUSMYSTERY,TOTHECONCEPTUALIZATIONOFHISDEATHITSNODOUBTTHATDEATHHASTHEGREATESTMEASUREOFAUTHENTICITYANDREALISMFORHEMINGWAYHEMINGWAYCONCEIVEDOFDEATHASSOMETHINGTHATISABSOLUTELYINESCAPABLE,WHICHISTHELARGESTANDMOSTHORRIFYINGCONCEPTINREALITYHISWORKSHAVEAGREATMYSTERIOUSFORCETHATDE

11、PRIVESPEOPLEOFTHEIRRIGHTSANDTEARSUPTHEIRSUBJECTIVEIMAGINATIONANDBLINDOPTIMISMINTHESPACEOFAMOMENTUSINGMYRIADLITERARYIMAGES,HEMINGWAYWANTSTOCONVEYTHETRUTHABOUTTHISLIFEEXPERIENCEALLMANKINDISDOOMEDTOLIVEONINDEGRADATION,SETTINGTHEIRHOPESANDCARESASIDE11THEDEATHTHEMEANDTHESTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESSHEMINGWAYSSHO

12、RTSTORIESCARRYMORESYMBOLICMEANINGTHANHISNOVELSITWASHISSHORTSTORIESTHATGUARANTEEDHISSTATUSASAMASTERTHEREINHISWORKSAREPIECESOFCONSCIOUSARTTHECREATIONOFHISCHARACTERSANDTHEDESCRIPTIONOFTHEENVIRONMENTCARRYASTRONGANDRATHERDISTINCTIMAGERYHESAID“THEPURPOSEOFWRITINGISTOCONVEYTOTHEREADERSEVERYFEELING,2VISION,

13、PLACEANDEMOTION“YUYE,2004INFACT,ASLONGASYOUREADHISWORKSCAREFULLY,THEFOCUSOFHISSHORTSTORIESWILLBEFOUNDTOSHAREACOMMONPOINTFIRST,HISWORKSRESORTTOTHEREADERSSENSESSOTHATREADERSCOULDFEELANDHEARWHATHEWRITESANDPRODUCEASTRONGIMPRESSIONINORDERTOLETTHEREADERENJOYTHEFEELINGOFIMMERSIVE,CONFUSING,DRAMATICNARRATIO

14、NTHISWASACCOMPLISHEDBYOMITTINGILLUSTRATIVETIPSANDALSOHIDINGTHESUBJECTIVEMOTIVEBEHINDFICTIONALDIALOGUEEVENIFWECANFEELTHERHYTHM,SPEEDANDTONEOFTHEDIALOGUE,WEAREUNABLETODETERMINETHETRUEPSYCHOLOGICALMOTIVATIONBEHINDITTHEDEATHTHEME“DEATHSTUDIES“ISNOTOPTIMISTICPEOPLEHAVEACOMMONPSYCHOLOGICALAVOIDANCETODEATH

15、IFSOMEONEMENTIONEDDEATHNORMALLY,ITMAYCAUSETHECONSIDERATIONOFMISERYINFACT,DEATHISNOTATHREATITISACHALLENGETOTHEPEOPLEANDALLLIVINGTHINGSISITDEATHIFTHEHEARTBEATANDBREATHINGHAVESTOPPEDSOMEPEOPLEWONDERWHENEXACTLYTODECLAREDEATHDOESITHAPPENWHENTHEBRAINDIESTHENWHATABOUTAVEGETATIVESTATEDEATHISAMATTEROFMEDICIN

16、E,RELIGION,PSYCHOLOGY,LITERATUREANDOTHERAREASOFCROSSCUTTINGDISCIPLINES,ANDISCLOSELYRELATEDWITHPEOPLESLIVES“DEATHINLITERATURE“ISANIMPORTANTBRANCHOF“DEATHSTUDIES“,ANDBYMEANSOFARTISTICINSPIRATIONANDENLIGHTENMENTHELPSMOREPEOPLEUNDERSTANDDEATHTOSOMEEXTENT,ITWILLSTRENGTHENTHECAMPAIGNOF“DEATHEDUCATION”THES

17、TREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESSIFWEREGARDEDTHESUBJECTIVELIFEOFPEOPLEASASTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESS,THENTHEOUTSIDEOFLIFEOFPEOPLECANBECALLEDTHELIFESTREAMSTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESSISTHEREFLECTIONOFTHELIFESTREAM,BUTSTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESSCANALSOBECOUNTERPRODUCTIVEACTIONSOFCHARACTERSINTHELIFESTREAMTHETWOINFLUENCEEACHOTHERTRADIT

18、IONALREALISTICNOVELSNOTONLYINCLUDETHESTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESS,BUTALSOWRITETHELIFESTREAMGENERALLY,THELIFESTREAMISTHESUBJECT,ANDTHESTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESSISASTHEAUXILIARYITWILLSHOWTHEMENTALACTIVITYINTHETWO“FLOW“FIGURESHOWEVER,THENOVELSCONCERNINGTHESTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESSAREFOREXPLORINGINTERNALTHOUGHTANDSHOWL

19、ITTLEREGARDFORTHELIFESTREAMATMOST,THEREFLECTISASUBJECTIVEVIEWOFTHELIFESTREAMANDISFRAGMENTEDANDMYSTERIOUSITISTHETRUEMEANINGOFTHEDEBRISWITHOUTACOHERENTPLOT,THEREISNOCLEARCOMPLETESCENE,EVENTHECHARACTERSAREDIM,ANDTHEFIGURESARETRANSFERREDBYTHEINKINGOFTHESTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESS12LITERATUREREVIEWWITHTHETOPIC

20、OFDEATHTHEMEANDTHESTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESSINHEMINGWAYSWORKS,LIUJUNPING1991POINTEDTHATTHESNOWSOFKILIMANJARO1938ISONEOFTHEOUTSTANDINGSHORTSTORIESOFERNESTHEMINGWAYSWORKSTHISNOVELGOTPRAISEDFROMALLSIDESOFWORLDWHENPUBLISHEDIN1936IFALLWORKSOFHEMINGWAYCONTAINASTREAMOFTHEBLACKDEATHTHEME,WE3CANALSOFEELTHEDEATHIN

21、SLOWLYINTHISWORKWHENFLOWGOESWITHTHEUNDERCURRENTSORROWANDDARKRHYTHMACCORDINGTHELIYANAN2007L,THENOVELSHOWEDUSISNOTONLYTHESADNESSOFDEATH,BUTALSOTHEDEATHMEANINGWHICHTHEAUTHORWANTSTOEXPLORECOMPAREDWITHTHERETAINEDMONOSYLLABICSTYLISTICSANDTHEME,THEMOSTSTRIKINGPLACEISITSCOMPLICATEDSPACETIMENETWORKNARRATIONT

22、HEMAINLINEOFTHENOVELISCOMBINEDWITHTHEDIALOGUE,HEARTMONOLOGUE,MEMORIESANDMEDITATIONINTERWOVENOFHARRYLUOMINGZHOU1999POINTEDOUTTHATTHEAUTHORQUIETLYBRINGTHEREADERTOTHEBEGINNINGOFTHEENTRANCEOFNOVEL,ANDLETTHEREADERTHEMSELVESTOEXPERIENCETHEFICTIONALWORLDINTHEVASTSPACEDURINGTHENARRATION,THEAUTHORSKILLFULLYC

23、ONVERTSTHEPERSPECTIVE,ACROSSTHELIMITSOFSPACEANDTIME,ANDWAVETHEDIFFERENTSPACETIMETOADENSENETWORKSPACELANXINWEI2005POINTEDOUTTHATHEMINGWAYCREATEDAVOIDWORLDINMANYOFHISSHORTSTORIESTHEFIGURESFEATUREINTHISWORLDISEITHEROLDANDLONELY,ORCONFUSEDANDDISAPPOINTEDTHEFIGURESINHISNOVELAREINCOMPATIBLEWITHMODERNSOCIE

24、TYEITHERTHEYISOLATEDANDFARAWAYFROMTHEFAMILIARLANDANDPEOPLE,ORTHEYHADDESPERATELONELINESS,INNERPAIN,ANDEVENSUICIDETHEYHADNOTTHESPIRITUALSUSTENANCEANDLOSTTHEDIRECTIONOFLIFEINSHORT,THEYLIVEDWITHNOTHINGWITHADEEPSENSEOFEMPTINESSINTHEWORLDWHENITCOMESTOHEMINGWAY,ZHAOYANJIE2003POINTEDOUTTHATERNESTHEMINGWAYSL

25、IFEANDHISCREATIONHAVEASPECIALRELATIONSHIPASAWRITER,HECANNOTAVOIDTHENIHILISTICMOURNEDTOAFTERTHEPROFOUNDUNDERSTANDINGOFLIFE,ANDTHEHELPLESSANDDISTRESSFROMTHELESSLITERARYIMAGINATIONANDCREATIONOFAGING,ANDHAVETONEEDTHEDEATHTHEMETOMAINTAINTHEHIGHREPUTATIONTOACHIEVEANOTHERKINDOFPERFECTIONSOTHESHADOWOFDEATHI

26、SEVERYWHERE,ANDTHESMELLOFDEATHDIFFUSESAROUNDWHATSMORE,THEDEATHBECOMESINTOTHEETERNALTHEMEOFHEMINGWAYSWRITINGANDITSESSENTIALSIGNIFICANCEOFTHEMEOFHISWHOLELIFESEXPLORATION2HEMINGWAYSVIEWOFDEATHTHEMEINTHESNOWOFKILIMANJARO“KILIMANJAROISASNOWCOVEREDMOUNTAIN19,710FEETHIGH,ANDISSAIDTOBETHEHIGHESTMOUNTAININAF

27、RICAITSWESTERNSUMMITISCALLEDTHEMASAI“NGJENGI,“THEHOUSEOFGODCLOSETOTHEWESTERNSUMMITTHEREISTHEDRIEDANDFROZENCARCASSOFALEOPARDNOONEHASEXPLAINEDWHATTHELEOPARDWASSEEKINGATTHATALTITUDE”THISQUOTATIONINITALICSSEEMSHAVELITTLERELATIONSHIPWITHTHEWHOLESTORYITJUSTLOOKSLIKEASTATEMENTOFFACT,ANDHEMINGWAYHIMSELFDIDN

28、OTANSWERSUNHUAXIANG,1991INFACT,THISQUOTATIONPOINTSATTHETHEMEOFTHEBOOKWITHTHEIMPERFECTOFTHEJOURNEYOFLIFEANDTHEHOPELESSANDCONFUSEDINTHELIFE,ETERNALONLYCANBEOBTAINEDINTHEDEATHFIRSTOFALL,4READERSWILLTHINK“INHOTAFRICA,WHATDOESTHELEOPARDWANTTODOTOTHETOPOFTHEFRIGIDPEAKSANDWHATDOESHARRY,THECHARACTERFROMTHED

29、ISTANTUNITEDSTATESTOAFRICA,WANTTOSEARCHFOR“THESEEKINGOFLEOPARDMAPPEDTHETHOUGHTSOFHARRY,THERELENTLESSSEARCHOFHEMINGWAYINHISLIFE,ANDSUGGESTEDTHATITFOUNDTHEENDALTHOUGHTHEDEATHISJUSTINFRONTOFYOURFACE,PERENNIALSNOWMEANSETERNALHEMINGWAYSSHORTSTORIES,THESNOWSOFKILIMANJARO,PORTRAYACOLD,ABSURD,UNKNOWABLEWORL

30、DFORUSINSUCHAWORLD,PEOPLECANNOTFINDTHEMEANINGOFLIFE,ANDTHEREISONLYEMPTINESSANDHOLLOWINTHELIFETHEREFORE,THEHEMINGWAYCHARACTERFACEDTHEWORLDWITHOUTTHEVALUEOFREALLIFE,FELTTHATTHEYHADBEENALIENATEDINTHISSOCIETYANDWORLD,BECAMEADESERTED,LONELY,AIMLESSEXISTENCEACCORDINGTOWHATWANGHUA2005WASWRITTEN,“WHETHERITI

31、STOHEMINGWAYORHISCHARACTERINHISWORKS,LIFEISALONELYSTRUGGLETOTHEM,ISTHEPASSIONOFDESPERATEACTIONWITHOUTANYMEANINGORREASONBEHINDTHESTORYINTHELIFETIME,NOTHINGCANBESTATED,TOBEIMPROVEDORSAVED,ANDALSOCANNOTREALLYRAISEORRESOLVETHEPROBLEMWHATEVERITWAS“HEMINGWAYCREATEDAVOIDWORLDINMANYOFHISSHORTSTORIESINYUYESC

32、OMMENT2004THATTHEFIGURESINHISNOVELAREINCOMPATIBLEWITHMODERNSOCIETYEITHERTHEYISOLATEDANDFARAWAYFROMTHEFAMILIARLANDANDPEOPLE,ORTHEYHADDESPERATELONELINESS,INNERPAIN,ANDEVENSUICIDETHEYHADNOTTHESPIRITUALSUSTENANCEANDLOSTTHEDIRECTIONOFLIFEINSHORT,THEYLIVEDWITHNOTHINGWITHADEEPSENSEOFEMPTINESSINTHEWORLDTHE“

33、NASTYBIRD“VULTURECIRCLEDHARRYOVERHEADANDCASTEDTHEIRSHADOWASDEATHENVELOPEDALLIMPLIESTHATDEATHISUNAVOIDABLEANDPEOPLECANNOTESCAPEHYENASBARKHASASTRONGSYMBOLICSIGNIFICANCEINTHEBOOKINITIALLY,THEWHIMPEROFHYENAISAPREDICTOROFANXIETY,SUGGESTINGHARRYFACEDARUTHLESSWORLDOUTSIDE21CHARACTERIZATIONHEMINGWAYSHARRYIS

34、NEITHERAHERONORACOWARD,ANDHEHASNEITHERTHEHAMLETLIKEMELANCHOLY,NORDRIVELIKEROMEOSLOVEHARRY,LIKEMILLIONSOFORDINARYPEOPLE,WANTSTOMAKEHISLIFEFULLOFVALUEBYWORKINGHARDANDTHINKING,BUTHESUFFEREDALOSSAFTERHELIVEDINTHEWILDERNESSFROMWORLDWARII“THEFIGUREUNDERHEMINGWAYSPENISNOTTHEPEOPLEWHOLIVEWITHANIDEALORADAZZL

35、INGSUPERMANACCORDINGTOZHANGNASTHOUGHTS2004,HEMINGWAYDESCRIBESAREALWORLDANDTHEEXISTENCEOFBIOLOGICALSPECIESINTHISWORLDWEREPEATEDLIFESSETBACKS,ANDTHEREISNOOTHERWAYTOGETTHOUGH,NOONEKNOWSWHATWECANGET,ANDNOONEKNOWSWHETHERITWILLPROGRESSTHISISNOTONLYTHESTARTINGPOINTOFHEMINGWAY,BUTALSOTHEFOUNDATIONOFHISCONST

36、ANTCREATIONOFNEWCHARACTERSANDNEWPLOTTHEREAREMANYDIFFERENTCHARACTERISTICSOFHUMAN5NATURE,BUTHEMINGWAYSMAINIDEAOFDESCRIPTIONISTHATHESHOULDDESCRIBEORDINARYPEOPLENOTSUPERMENWHATSMORE,THEREISACERTAININTENTIONTHATHEMINGWAYSHOWSTHEDECADENCEANDDEATHOFATALENTEDWRITERINTHESNOWOFKILIMANJAROHEMINGWAYHADFRANKLYAC

37、KNOWLEDGEDTHATHARRYSIMAGEHASHISOWNSHADOWTHETIMETHATTHENOVELWASPUBLISHEDWASJUSTTHATHEMINGWAYWASATTHETOPOFHISGAMEITISINSIGNIFICANTWHETHERHEMINGWAYMEANSTOMAKETHESNOWSOFKILIMANJAROTOHIMSELFANDOTHERAMERICANWRITERASAWARNINGWHATISIMPORTANTISTHATTHENOVELUNDOUBTEDLYHASSUCHPRACTICALSIGNIFICANCE22SETTING“THECO

38、TTHEMANLAYONWASINTHEWIDESHADEOFAMIMOSATREEANDASHELOOKEDOUTPASTTHESHADEONTOTHEGLAREOFTHEPLAINTHEREWERETHREEOFTHEBIGBIRDSSQUATTEDOBSCENELY,WHILEINTHESKYADOZENMORESAILED,MAKINGQUICKMOVINGSHADOWSASTHEYPASSED”THISWASASCENEWITHHARRYHEMINGWAYUSEDSEVERALSHORTSENTENCESTOPRESENTAVIVIDANDACCURATEWORLDTOREADERS

39、WITHSTATICMOVEMENTCROUCHINGANDCASTINGASHADOWANDMOVEMENTFLYINGANDPASSING,WHICHFORMEDASTARKCONTRASTWITHHARRYSDIFFICULTIESANDTHEPSYCHOLOGICALSTATEOFFEARANDDESPAIRTHISISTHETRAGICCONSCIOUSNESSTHATTHEMODERNEXPRESSIONOFHEMINGWAYSSENTIMENTOF“LIFEISALLSUFFERING,LIFEISALLSTRUGGLE“MAJULING,2007THROUGHTHEPOOLIN

40、GOFSUCHEMOTIONALMATERIALTOFORMRATIONALITY,THOUGHHEMINGWAYDENIEDHISSTREAMOFCONSCIOUSNESS,THEUSEINTHISWORKOCCURREDALOTLOTSOFPHOTOGRAPHICFIELDSBECAMEASYMBOLOFTHECOMINGOFDEATHTHEDYINGHARRYWASPARTICULARLYSENSITIVETOTHEM,ANDTHATWASHISUNMISTAKABLEHARBINGEROFDEATHTHENHISTHOUGHTSBECAMEREALITYANDANINTEGRATION

41、OFINNERORGANICWITHTHESESTREAMSOFCONSCIOUSNESSSNOWISUSEDASASYMBOLTHATCONCEALSTHETHEMEOFDEATHHEMINGWAYTITLEDTHENOVELASTHESNOWSOFKILIMANJARO,WHICHSHOWEDHISEMPHASISONTHESNOWTHEREISANOTETYPEBEFORETHESTARTOFTHESCENEDESCRIPTIONATFIRSTSIGHT,ITWILLBEQUITEPUZZLING,BUTAFTERDIGESTINGTHESOARINGCLIMAXOFTHESTORY,T

42、HEPROCESSOFTHESOULOFHARRY,THENBACKTOTASTETHENOTETYPE,WESTEPINTOAMAGICALMOODTHATHEMINGWAYCREATED“KILIMANJAROISASNOWCOVEREDMOUNTAIN19,710FEETHIGH,ANDISSAIDTOBETHEHIGHESTMOUNTAININAFRICAITSWESTERNSUMMITISCALLEDTHEMASAI“NGJENGI,“THEHOUSEOFGODCLOSETOTHEWESTERNSUMMITTHEREISTHEDRIEDANDFROZENCARCASSOFALEOPA

43、RDNOONEHASEXPLAINEDWHATTHELEOPARDWASSEEKINGATTHATALTITUDE”ACCORDINGTOTHEWUWEN,2009,THESNOWISWHITE,COLD,EMPTYANDQUIETITCANBESEENASASYMBOLOFSPECIFICTHINGS,COHESIONIDEASANDEXTENSIONASARESTRICTIONOFTHE6LIMITEDENVIRONMENTANDSTATEOFMIND,THEYCANBEASASYMBOLOFDEATH,LIFE,PURITY,DESTRUCTION,COLD,ANDSOONINTHENO

44、TETYPE,THESNOWINTHESNOWSOFKILIMANJAROISASYMBOLOFTHENOBLEMYSTERIOUSPERPETUITYLEOPARDISHEMINGWAYSFAVORITEANDTREATEDASASACREDANIMALADRIEDANDFROZENBODYOFLEOPARDINTHEWESTPEAKOFKILIMANJAROPUTQUESTIONSTOTHEPEOPLEWHATISARESEMBLANCEBETWEENHARRYSEXPERIENCESANDTHELEOPARDHECAMETOTHISWILDBUTVIBRANTAFRICANSAVANNA

45、HTOLOOKFORARECOVERYINTHEVITALITYANDCREATIVITYTOMAKEHISWAYTOIMMORTALITYNOW,THEBODYISALMOSTDEAD,ANDHISSPIRITISUNWILLINGTOBOWTOTHEDEATHHEWILLLOOKFORHISENDRESULTTOWARDTHENEWHIGHRISEASLEOPARD23PLOTWHATISTHESPECIALMEANINGOFTHEHEIGHTOFKILIMANJAROWHATDOESHEMINGWAYWANTTOEXPRESSFROMTHEDESCRIPTIONOFTHEDRIEDLEO

46、PARDALLOFTHISISSTILLAMYSTERYBECAUSEOFTHECONNECTIONBETWEENTHEDRIEDLEOPARDANDDEATH,THENOVELISKICKEDOFFWITHADARKANDHEAVYTONEASABEGINNINGPARTOFTHENOVEL,ITCONSTITUTESTHEESSENCEINTHISWHOLEWHENHARRYGOTTHEILLUSIONOFFLYINGTOMOUNTKILIMANJAROINTHEENDHEMINGWAYHASTHEPERFECTSKILLSOFDEALINGWITHTHEWORDSINTHISSHORTS

47、TORYWHATDOESHARRYWANT,WAITINGFORTHEARRIVALOFDEATHWHATCANBECONNECTEDBETWEENTHEPEOPLEANDTHELEOPARDSACCORDINGTOLANXINGWEI2005,THEMYSTERYINTHENOVELSUDDENLYBECOMESCLEARINTHEEND,ANDTHENOVELHASREACHEDACLIMAXWITHTHOSEWHENDEATHCLOSEDINONHARRYINTHELAST,THEILLUSIONAPPEAREDINHARRYSMINDISNOLONGERTHEVULTUREANDTHE

48、HYENAATTHISPOINT,ALLHUMANSUFFERINGSANDTROUBLESHAVEGONEAWAYFROMHIM,ANDHESEEMSTOHAVEBEENTAKENOUTSIDEFROMTHEWORLD“ITWASMORNINGANDHADBEENMORNINGFORSOMETIMEANDHEHEARDTHEPLANEITSHOWEDVERYTINYANDTHENMADEAWIDECIRCLEANDTHEBOYSRANOUTANDLITTHEFIRES,USINGKEROSENE,ANDPILEDONGRASSSOTHEREWERETWOBIGSMUDGESATEACHEND

49、OFTHELEVELPLACEANDTHEMORNINGBREEZEBLEWTHEMTOWARDTHECAMPANDTHEPLANECIRCLEDTWICEMORE,LOWTHISTIME,ANDTHENGLIDEDDOWNANDLEVELEDOFFANDLANDEDSMOOTHLYAND,COMINGWALKINGTOWARDHIM,WASOLDCOMPTONINSLACKS,ATWEEDJACKETANDABROWNFELTHATANDTHENINSTEADOFGOINGONTOARUSHATHEYTURNEDLEFT,HEEVIDENTLYFIGUREDTHATTHEYHADTHEGAS,ANDLOOKINGDOWNHESAWAPINKSIFTINGCLOUD,MOVINGOVERTHEGROUND,ANDINTHEAIR,LIKETHEFIRSTSNOWINATIIBLIZZARD,THATCOMESFROMNOWHERE,ANDHEKNEWTHELOCUSTSWERECOMING,UPFROMTHESOUTHTHENTHEYBEGANTOCLIMBANDTHEYWEREGOINGTOTHEEASTITSEEMED,ANDTHENITDARKENEDANDTHEYWEREINASTORM,TH