《麦田里的守望者》的象征手法的解读【毕业论文】.doc

1、（20_届）本科毕业设计英语麦田里的守望者的象征手法的解读ASTUDYONTHEUSEOFSYMBOLISMINTHECATCHERINTHERYEI摘要麦田里的守望者是美国作家杰戴塞林格第一部也是唯一的一部长篇小说。角色困惑和象征主义是本论文主要讨论的问题。塞林格使用许多具有深刻含义的象征贯穿全文。本文从介绍小说的社会历史背景及象征手法的定义入手，着重分析了托马斯山，红色猎人帽等四个反应主人公角色困惑的意象，并进而讨论了表现主人公对身份进行探求，及探求失败的象征手法运用。关键词象征；困惑；探求IIABSTRACTTHECATCHERINTHERYE,ISJDSALINGERSONLYNOVE

2、LITDEPICTSHOLDENSTHREEDAYROVINGINNOWYORKROLECONFUSIONANDSYMBOLISMARETHETWOIMPORTANTISSUESTOBEDISCUSSEDINTHISTHESISINORDERTOREVEALTHEPROTAGONISTSROLECONFUSION,SALINGERUSESMANYMEANINGFULSYMBOLSTHROUGHOUTTHENOVEL,INCLUDINGTHEREDHUNTINGHAT,THETHOMSENHILL,THEHEROSAGAINSTTHEADULTHOODANDTHETITLE“THECATCHER

3、INTHERYE“THESECONDPARTOFTHETHESISFOCUSESONTHESYMBOLSSUGGESTINGTHEHEROSQUESTFORSELFIDENTITYANDSYMBOLSSUGGESTINGTHEFAILUREOFTHEQUESTKEYWORDSSYMBOLISMCONFUSIONQUESTIIICONTENTS摘要ABSTRACT11INTRODUCTIONTOJDSALINGERANDTHENOVEL112INTRODUCTIONTOSYMBOLANDSYMBOLISM12SYMBOLSOFROLECONFUSION221THETHOMSENHILL222CH

4、ILDRENANDADULTCHARACTERS323THEREDHUNTINGHAT424“THECATCHERINTHERYE”53SYMBOLSOFQUESTANDDOOMOFHOLDENSQUEST531SYMBOLSOFQUEST6311SYMBOLSOFQUESTFORSELFIDENTITY6312SYMBOLSOFQUESTFORINNOCENCE6313SYMBOLOFQUESTFORPROTECTION732SYMBOLSOFTHEDOOMOFQUEST8321HOLDENSPARENTS8322JAMESCASTLE9323DIRTYWORDSONTHEWALL94CON

5、CLUSION9BIBLIOGRAPHY11ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS1111INTRODUCTIONTHECATCHERINTHERYETHEONLYNOVELBYSALINGER,DESCRIBESHOLDENSTHREEDAYROVINGINNEWYORKTOREFLECTTHESPIRITUALSTRUGGLEOFAMERICANYOUTHIN1950SITHASALASTINGINFLUENCEONAMERICANYOUTHTHEREAREMANYSYMBOLSINVOLVEDINTHECATCHERINTHERYE,SOANALYZINGTHEUSEOFSYMBOLISMIN

6、THENOVELCANHELPREADERSUNDERSTANDITBETTER11INTRODUCTIONTOJDSALINGERANDTHENOVELJDSALINGER19192010,ADISTINGUISHEDAMERICANNOVELISTANDSHORTSTORYWRITER,HOLDSASIGNIFICANTPLACEINLITERATUREAFTERWORLDWARTWOHEISFAMOUSFORHISFIRSTNOVELTHECATCHERINTHERYE1951,WHICHHASBECOMEONEOFTHETWO“MODERNCLASSICS“INCONTEMPORARY

7、AMERICANLITERATURETHEOTHERONEISRALPHELLISONSTHEINVISIBLEMANPUBLISHEDIN1952THESTORYCOVERSASPANOFTHREEDAYS,FROMTHEDAYHOLDENLEAVESPENCEYPREP,THEFOURTHSCHOOLHEHASFLUNKEDOUTOF,TOTHEDAYHEWATCHEDHISSISTERPHOEBERIDINGCARROUSELINTHERAINATTHEZOOHEINTENDSTOGOHOMEFOURDAYSLATERLIKEOTHERSTUDENTSWHENTHECHRISTMASVA

8、CATIONBEGINSHEFEELSDESPERATEHELPLESSNESSDURINGTHETHREEDAYSHESPENDSROVING,SOMETHINGHEENCOUNTERSBECOMESTHELASTSTRAWUPONHOLDENSSHOULDERSANDEVENTUALLYLEADSTOHISBREAKDOWNAFTERTHECATCHERINTHERYEWASPUBLISHED,ITBECAMEONEOFTHEMOSTLASTINGBESTSELLERSINTHEHISTORYOFAMERICANLITERATUREIMMEDIATELYINONEWAYORANOTHER,

9、THEBOOKINFLUENCEDMANYYOUNGPEOPLE,ESPECIALLYTHOSEWHOWILLENTERINTOTHEIRADOLESCENCESUCHGREATIMPACTISCLOSELYRELATEDTOTHESOCIALANDHISTORICALBACKGROUNDOFTHENOVELIN1950S,ASTHEWINNERINTHESECONDWORLDWAR,AMERICAGOTALOTOFBENEFITSFROMTHEWARANDTHENITBECAMETHERICHESTANDTHEMOSTPOWERFULCOUNTRYINTHEWORLDINTHEPOSTWOR

10、DWARAMERICATHESOCIAL,ECONOMICANDPOLITICALSITUATIONSLEADSTOAMERICANYOUNGMENSPSYCHOLOGICALPROBLEMS12INTRODUCTIONTOSYMBOLANDSYMBOLISMSYMBOLSAREOBJECTS,CHARACTERS,FIGURES,ANDCOLORSUSEDTOREPRESENTABSTRACTIDEASORCONCEPTSINOTHERWORDS,ASYMBOLISANYTHINGWHICHSIGNIFIESSOMETHINGTHEREFORE,ALLWORDSARESYMBOLSFROME

11、TYMOLOGICALPOINTOFVIEW,THEWORD“SYMBOL“COMESTOTHEENGLISHLANGUAGEBYWAYOFMIDDLEENGLISHFROMTHEGREEK“SMBOLON“THEROOTWORDS“SYN”，MEANING“TOGETHER“,AND“BOL“,MEANING“THROW“NAMELY,THEMEANINGOF“SYMBOL“IS“TOTHROWTOGETHER“THEREFORE,THEORIGINALMEANINGOF“SYMBOL“ISANINCOMPLETETHINGWHICHNEEDSTHEOTHERTHINGORITSOTHERH

12、ALFTOMAKEITINTACTSHENJUN,2009472SYMBOLISMWASALATENINETEENTHCENTURYARTMOVEMENTOFFRENCHANDBELGIANORIGININPOETRYANDOTHERARTSSYMBOLISMCANBEDESCRIBEDASALITERARYTECHNIQUEOFEXPRESSINGIDEASANDEMOTIONSNEITHERBYDESCRIBINGTHEMDIRECTLY,NORDEFININGTHEM,BUTUSEOFSYMBOLSTOREPRESENTIDEASORQUALITIESTOACERTAINDEGREE,T

13、HECATCHERINTHERYEISATYPICALNOVEL,BECAUSETHEAUTHORUSESMANYSYMBOLSINTHENOVEL,SUCHASTHEREDHUNTINGHAT,THENATURALMUSEUM,ANDEVENTHETITLEOFTHECATCHERINTHERYEALTHOUGHTHENOVELISEASYTOREAD,ITISVERYDIFFICULTTOUNDERSTANDJUSTBECAUSEOFSOMANYSYMBOLSINITSYMBOLSINSALINGERSNOVELSAREEFFORTSTOEXPRESSINGWHATHISBOOKSAREA

14、BOUTNONEOFTHESYMBOLSAREARTIFICIAL,ALLOFTHEMOCCURNATURALLYINTHESCENESINWHICHTHEYAPPEAR,ANDMOSTOFTHEMALLOWREADERSTOMAKESEVERALDIFFERENTINTERPRETATIONS2SYMBOLSOFROLECONFUSIONROLECONFUSIONISANIMPORTANTTHEMEINTHECATCHERINTHERYEASASIXTEENYEAROLDYOUTH,HOLDENISGOINGONHISWAYTOADULTHOODBUTHEFOUNDITISDIFFICULT

15、FORHIMTOADJUSTHIMSELFTOADAPTTOTHEADULTSWORLDADOLESCENCEISAVERYIMPORTANTPERIODINYOUNGMENSDEVELOPMENT，DURINGWHICHTHEYOUNGGOTHROUGHAVARIETYOFCHANGESTOPREPARETHEMSELVESFORADULTHOODINTHENOVEL,ROLECONFUSIONISMANIFESTEDBYTHEUSEOFFOURSYMBOLS,INCLUDINGTHETHOMSENHILL,CHILDRENANDADULTCHARACTERS,THEREDHUNTINGHA

16、T,AND“THECATCHERINTHERYE”,INORDERTOSHOWTHEHEROSPREDICAMENTBETWEENCHILDHOODANDADULTHOOD21THETHOMSENHILLATTHEVERYBEGINNINGOFTHENOVEL,WHENREADERSFIRSTMEETHOLDENCAULFIELDINTHESTORY,HEISSTANDINGONTOPOFTHOMSENHILL,SEPARATEDHIMSELFFROMTHERESTOFSCHOOLMATESATPENCEYPREPSUCHAPOSITIONONTHETOPOFTHOMSENHILLISASYM

17、BOLFORHOLDENSATTITUDEFORTHESOCIETYANDHISUNWILLINGNESSTOGETINVOLVEDINTOTHEHYPOCRITICALANDUNJUSTLIFETHENHOLDENTELLSREADERSTHEFACTTHEREASONIWASSTANDINGWAYUPONTHOMSENHILL,INSTEADOFDOWNATTHEGAME,WASBECAUSEIDJUSTGOTBACKFROMNEWYORKWITHTHEFENCINGTEAMILEFTALLTHETOILANDEQUIPMENTANDSTUFFONTHEGODDAMSUBWAYTHEWHO

18、LETEAMOSTRACIZEDMETHEWHOLEWAYBACKONTHETRAINTHEOTHERREASONIWASNTDOWNATTHEGAMEWASBECAUSE1WASONMYWAYTOSAYGOODBYETOOLDSPENCERIFORGOTTOTELLYOUABOUTTHATTHEYKICKEDMEOUTJDSALINGER,20083AFTERBEINGEXCLUDEDBYTHEFENCINGTEAM,HOLDENHASFLUNKEDOUTOFPENCEYPREPHEISNOWHERETOGO,THEREFORE,HEISONLYSTANDINGONTHETOPOFTHETH

19、OMSENHILL,WATCHINGTHEDISAPPOINTINGLIFELIKEANOUTSIDERFROMTHISREADERSCANFINDTHATPEOPLEAROUNDHOLDENARE3INDIFFERENTANDMERCILESSWHENHEISSTUCKONTHETHRESHOLDOFGROWINGUP,HEGETSLOSTTHOMSENHILLPLAYSTHEPARTOFTHEFIRSTSYMBOLOFHISROLECONFUSION22CHILDRENANDADULTCHARACTERSAFTERREADINGTHENOVEL,READERSWILLFINDTHEREAR

20、EONLYTHREEPEOPLETHATHOLDENPREFERSTHEYAREPHOEBE,ALLIEANDJANEHOLDENENJOYSRECALLINGALLOFTHEEVENTSTHEYEXPERIENCEDTOGETHERBECAUSETHESEAREALLHISSPIRITUALENJOYMENTPHOEBEISHISTENYEAROLDSISTERALLIEISHISYOUNGERBROTHERWHOHASDIEDWHENHEWASJUSTALITTLEBOYSOINHOLDENSMEMORY,ALLIEISACHILDFOREVERJANENEVERAPPEARSBEFORE

21、HOLDENSRECALLINGOFHERBUTJANEISHOLDENSIMAGINARYCOMPANIONINTHENOVELWHENEVERHESPEAKSOFTHETHREEOFTHEM,HEISALWAYSSATISFIEDWITHANYONEOFTHEM,WHICHCANBESEENFROMHISRESPECTIVEDESCRIPTIONSOFTHETHREECHARACTERSHOLDENSDESCRIPTIONOFPHOEBE“YOUSHOULDSEEHERYOUNEVERSAWALITTLEKIDSOPRETTYANDSMARTINYOURWHOLELIFESHESREALL

22、YSMART”JDSALINGER,200867HOLDENSDESCRIPTIONOFALLIE“HEWASTWOYEARSYOUNGERTHANIWAS,BUTHEWASABOUTFIFTYTIMESASINTELLIGENTHEWASTERRIFICALLYINTELLIGENTHEWASALSOTHENICESTINLOTSOFWAYSHENEVERGOTMADATANYBODYPEOPLEWITHREDHAIRARESUPPOSEDTOGETMADVERYEASILY,BUTALLIENEVERDID,ANDHEHADVERYREDHAIR”JDSALINGER200838HOLDE

23、NSDESCRIPTIONOFJANE“AFTERAWHILE,SHEGOTUPANDWENTINANDPUTONTHISREDANDWHITESWEATERSHEHAD,THATKNOCKEDMEOUT,ANDWEWENTTOAGODDAMMOVIE”JDSALINGER200879THEDESCRIPTIONSOFTHESETHREEPEOPLEAREALSOSYMBOLICINMEANINGTHETENYEAROLDPHOEBEREPRESENTSTHECHILDHOODWORLDWHICHISPASTANDHECANNOTLIVEINITAGAINFOREVERALLIEWHOISDE

24、ADNOWISTHESYMBOLOFTHETHINGSTHATHAVEPASSEDANDCANNOTGETANYLONGERJANEHASBECOMEOTHERPEOPLESLOVERNOW,ANDSHEISNOTHISCOMPANIONANYMORESOTHETHREEPEOPLETHATHOLDENLIKESREPRESENTTHEDIFFERENTTHINGSTHATHAVEPASSEDANDTHATHEISNOTABLETOGETAGAININCONTRAST,WHENEVERHOLDENSPEAKSOFTHEPEOPLEWHOAREOLDERTHANHIM,HEALWAYSDOESS

25、OINANUNSATISFACTORYTONEFOREXAMPLE,HEDESCRIBESACKLEYBYSAYING“HEWASASENIOR,ANDHEDBEENATPENCEYTHEWHOLEFOURYEARS,BUTNOBODYEVERCALLEDHIMANYTHINGEXCEPTACKLEY”JDSALINGER,200819SIMILARLY,HISDESCRIPTIONOFSTRADLATERISALSOUNFAVORABLE“HEALWAYSLOOKEDALLRIGHT,STRADLATER,BUTFORINSTANCE,YOUSHOULDVESEENTHERAZORHESHA

26、VEDHIMSELFWITHITWASALWAYSRUSTYASHELLANDFULLOFLATHERANDHAIRSANDCRAPHENEVERCLEANEDITORANYTHING”IBIDTHEFOLLOWINGDIAGRAMSHOWSCLEARLYTHATHOLDENLIKESEVERYTHINGABOUTTHECHILDRENBUT4HEDISLIKESANYTHINGABOUTTHEADULTSCLASSIFICATIONCHARACTERSSYMBOLICMEANINGSCHILDRENPHOEBEREPRESENTGOODINHOLDENSMINDALLIEJANETHECHI

27、LDRENINTHEPARKADULTSACKLEYREPRESENTBADINHOLDENSMINDSTRADLATERMAURICEERNIETHEHEADMASTEROBVIOUSLY,HOLDENLIKESANYPERSONWHOISYOUNGERTHANHIMWHILEHEDISLIKESANYPERSONWHOISOLDERTHANHIMHOLDENISEAGERTORETURNTOHISCHILDHOODINOTHERWORDS,HEONLYFEELSCONFIDENTANDHOPEFULOFTHECHILDRENBUTLOOKSDOWNONTHEADULTSHEISNOTWIL

28、LINGTOFACEUPTOTHEAGEHEISGOINGTOSTEPINTOBUTINDULGESINTHEPASTHEHASSTEPPEDOUTHELACKSTHECOURAGEANDPREPARATIONTOGRASPTHETHINGSOFHISOWNAGEANDHISLIFETIMEHEISACOWARDOFTHEPRESENTANDTHEFUTURE23THEREDHUNTINGHATHOLDENSREDHUNTINGHATSYMBOLIZESHISINDEPENDENCEHEMENTIONSTHEHATEVERYTIMEHEWEARSIT,SYMBOLICOFHISDESIRETO

29、MENTIONHOWINDEPENDENTHEISTHEHATISVERYSTRANGEANDITSHOWSTHATHOLDENISEXTREMELYDIFFERENTFROMPEOPLEAROUNDHIMTHEREDHUNTINGHATWITHAVERYLONGVISORWHICHAPPEARS24TIMESINTOTALISAMONGTHEMOSTRECOGNIZABLESYMBOLSINTHENOVELFURTHERMORE,WHATMAKESHOLDENDIFFERENTFROMOTHERSISTHATHELIKESTOWEARHISCAPWITHTHEPEAKREVERSED“ISW

30、UNGTHEOLDPEAKWAYAROUNDTOTHEBACKILIKEDITTHATWAY“JDSALINGER,200818ITTELLSUSTHEVERYDIRECTIONOFHOLDENSSEARCHHEISTRYINGTOGOBACKWARDWHATHEWANTSTOKEEPANDHOLDONISTHEGOODNESSANDINNOCENCEOFTHECHILDTHEREVERSEDDIRECTIONOFTHECAPPEAKSUGGESTSHISLONGINGFORTHECHILDHOODCONDITIONANDASTATEOFINNOCENCEAROUNDHIMHOLDENBUYS

31、THEREDHUNTINGHATAFTERHEHASSOMECONFLICTSWITHHISFENCINGTEAMASTHEMANAGEROFTHEFENCINGTEAM,HEISIMMEDIATELYFIREDBYTHEOTHERBOYSAFTERLEAVINGALLTHEEQUIPMENTSONTHESUBWAYTHEREFORE,SINCEITISWHENHEISREJECTEDBYHISFENCINGTEAM5MEMBERSTHATHEBUYSIT,ITNATURALLYLEADSREADERSTOTHECONCLUSIONTHATTHEHATISAPROTECTIONFROMHISF

32、AILUREANDHISUNSOLVABLECONFUSIONTHELASTTIMEHOLDENMENTIONSHISHATBEFORELEAVINGPENCEYPREPSCHOOLISTHEBESTPROOFTOHOLDENSPREDICAMENTWHENIWASALLSETTOGO,WHENIHADMYBAGSANDALL,STOODFORAWHILENEXTTOTHESTAIRSANDTOOKALASTLOOKDOWNTHEGODDAMCORRIDORIWASSORTOFCRYINGIDONTKNOWWHYIPUTMYREDHUNTINGHATON,ANDTURNEDTHEPEAKARO

33、UNDTOTHEBACK,THEWAYILIKEDIT,ANDTHENIYELLEDATTHETOPOFMYGODDAMVOICE,“SLEEPTIGHT,YAMORONSJDSALINGER,200852INTHEDESCRIPTIONABOVE,THECORRIDORSUGGESTSTHATHOLDENISSTANDINGINAVERYNARROWWAYINTHEADOLESCENTWORLD,WHERETHEREISNOCOMPANIONFORHIM,WITHEVERYBODYSLEEPINGLIKETHEDEAD,WHICHSYMBOLIZESTHEINDIFFERENCEANDAPA

34、THYOFHISFELLOWSTUDENTSSEEINGTHIS,HOLDENFEELSLIKECRYINGANDTHENHEPUTSONHISREDHUNTINGHATANDSHOUTSATTHEPITCHOFHISVOICETOTHESLEEPINGSTUDENTSHEWISHESTOWAKEUPEVERYBODYWITHTHESHOUT24“THECATCHERINTHERYE”THENOVELSMOSTIMPORTANTSYMBOLISFOUNDINTHETITLETHECATCHERINTHERYEITFIRSTAPPEARSINCHAPTER16,WHENAKIDHOLDENADM

35、IRESFORWALKINGINTHESTREETRATHERTHANONTHESIDEWALKISSINGINGTHEROBERTBURNSSONG“COMINTHROTHERYE”INCHAPTER22,WHENPHOEBEASKSHOLDENWHATHEWANTSTODOWITHHISLIFE,HEREPLIESWITHHISIMAGE,FROMTHESONG,OFA“CATCHERINTHERYE”HEEXPLAINSTOPHOEBETHATALLHEWANTSTOBEISTHECATCHERINTHERYEHEPICTURESHIMSELFWEARINGAGIANTMITT,READ

36、YTOCATCHKIDSASTHEYFALLOFFACLIFFWHILEPLAYINGINTHERYEACTUALLY,THESYMBOLSHOLDENPICTURESINHISIMAGINATIONHAVEDEEPMEANINGSTHEKIDSREPRESENTCHILDHOODTHEFIELDREPRESENTSINNOCENCETHEFALLFROMTHECLIFFREPRESENTSTHEFALLFROMINNOCENCEHOLDENREPRESENTSTHEATTEMPTTOSHELTERKIDSFROMGROWINGUP,ANDMOREPERSONALLY,REPRESENTSHI

37、SDESIRETOAVOIDTHEHARSHNESSOFADULTLIFEHEPREFERSHISOWNIMAGINARYVIEWOFTHEWORLDRATHERTHANDEALWITHTHECOMPLEXITIESOFTHEWORLDAROUNDHIMHEHASACYNICAL,OVERSIMPLIFIEDVIEWOFOTHERPEOPLE,ANDALARGEPARTOFHISFANTASYWORLDISBASEDONTHEIDEATHATCHILDRENARESIMPLEANDINNOCENTWHILEADULTSARESUPERFICIALANDHYPOCRITICAL3SYMBOLSO

38、FQUESTANDDOOMOFHOLDENSQUESTASAMANISBORN,HEBECOMESONEPARTOFTHESOCIETYHEMUSTENTERANDFINDHISPLACEINTHESOCIETYHEMUSTDECIDEWHOHEWANTSTOBETHEREFORE,QUEST,HASALWAYSBEENATRADITIONALTHEMEINWESTERNLITERATUREACTUALLYTHEBIRTHANDDEVELOPMENTOFTHEAMERICANPEOPLEARE6CLOSELYWITHQUESTEARLYAMERICANANCESTORSCOMETOAMERIC

39、ANOTONLYFORTHESAKEOFESCAPEFROMRELIGIOUSPERSECUTIONBUTALSOFORTHEPURPOSEOFAQUESTFORTHEGARDENOFEDENINTHEIRDREAMSTHISPARTWILLANALYZEINDETAILSTHESYMBOLSSUGGESTINGHOLDENSQUESTANDTHOSESUGGESTINGTHEFAILUREOFHISQUEST31SYMBOLSOFQUESTLIKEHISROLECONFUSION,HOLDENSQUESTALSOBEENEXPRESSEDBYSYMBOLSTHEREDHUNTINGHATAN

40、DTHEDUCKSINCENTRALPARKARETHECONCRETESYMBOLSTOSHOWHOLDENSQUESTFORSELFIDENTITYPHOEBEANDALLIE,THEMUSEUMANDTHESNOWAREUSEDTOREPRESENTHISQUESTFORINNOCENCEATLAST,THETITLETHECATCHERINTHERYE,ISSYMBOLOFQUESTFORPROTECTION311SYMBOLSOFQUESTFORSELFIDENTITYTHEREARETWOSYMBOLSINTHENOVELSHOWINGHOLDENSQUESTFORSELFIDEN

41、TITYWHENEVERHOLDENISMENTIONED,THEFIRSTSCENEAPPEARINGINTHEREADERSMINDWILLBEAYOUNGMANWEARINGAREDHUNTINGHATHOLDENUSESTHEHATASAMARKOFINDIVIDUALITYANDINDEPENDENCEWHENHOLDENDOESNOTWEARTHEHATHEWANTSTOFITIN,ATLEAST,TOHIDEHISUNIQUEPERSONALITYTHEDUCKSINCENTRALPARKISALSOANIMPORTANTSYMBOLTOEXPLAINHOLDENSQUESTFO

42、RSELFIDENTITYITAPPEARSTHREETIMESINTHEBOOKHOLDENFIRSTMENTIONSTHEDUCKSINCHAPTER2DURINGHISTALKWITHTHEHISTORYTEACHERMRSPENCERBEFOREHELEAVESPENCEYPREPHOLDENKEEPSTHINKINGOFTHEDUCKSANDWORRIESABOUTWHERETHEDUCKSGOINTHEWINTERWHENTHEPONDINCENTRALPARKFREEZESOVERHEWANTSTOKNOWIFTHEYMUSTFLYTOTHESOUTHINTHEWINTERTHE

43、DUCKSANDTHEIRPONDARESYMBOLICINSEVERALWAYSREADERSCANCONSIDERHOLDENASTHEDUCK,WHILETHEFROZENLAKEISSYMBOLICOFTHEENVIRONMENTWHEREHOLDENLIVES,WITHPEOPLEBEINGINDIFFERENTANDMERCILESS312SYMBOLSOFQUESTFORINNOCENCEASDISCUSSEDINTHEPREVIOUSSECTION,HOLDENCHERISHESINNOCENCEOFYOUNGCHILDRENTHECHILDREN,INCLUDINGPHOEB

44、EANDALLIE,ASWELLASTHEMUSEUMANDSNOW,CANBEREGARDEDASTHESYMBOLSFORHISQUESTFORINNOCENCEPHOEBEISHOLDENS10YEAROLDSISTER,WHOMHOLDENLOVESVERYMUCHTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENPHOEBEANDHOLDENSHOWSHOLDENLIKESCHILDRENANDHISROLEASAPROTECTOROFINNOCENCEINTHENOVEL,PHOEBEREPRESENTSALLOFTHENOPHONYTHINGS,ANDALSOCHILDRENSINNO

45、CENCEHOLDENATTEMPTSTOKEEPTHEINNOCENCEOFCHILDRENHISLOVELYSISTERPHOEBEISTHEONLYPERSONSWHEREHECANFINDBEAUTY,PURITYANDLOVEREADERSCANSEEHOLDENSLOVEFORHISLITTLESISTERHEREANDTHEREALLIEISHOLDENSYOUNGERBROTHERWHODIEDOFLEUKEMIAWHENHEWASYOUNGHOLDEN7LOVESALLIEANDMISSESHIMVERYMUCHHEISAKEYSYMBOLTHROUGHOUTTHESTORY

46、HOLDENOFTENSPEAKSTOHIMWHENHEISDEPRESSEDALLIEISASSOCIATEDWITHDEATH,BUTHEALSOREPRESENTSHOPE,THEGIFTEDINNOCENCEOFCHILDHOODANDSOMETHINGTRANSIENTHOLDENFEELSTHATALLIEWASONEOFTHEFEWPEOPLEWHOARENOTPHONYINTHEWORLDWHILEPHONIESCOVERANYWHEREMOREIMPORTANTLY,ALLIEREPRESENTSTHEINNOCENCE,PURITYANDCHILDHOODTHATHOLDE

47、NTRIESTOFINDTHROUGHOUTHISDAILYLIFEHOLDENFINDSTHEMUSEUMAPPEALINGBECAUSEEVERYTHINGINITSTAYSTHESAMEONCETHEYARETHERE,THEYARETHERENOPOSITIONCHANGED,NOSTATUSCHANGED,EVERYTHINGSTAYSTHESAMEITREPRESENTSHOLDENSDESIRETOKEEPEVERYTHINGTHESAMEHOLDENTELLSREADERSTHESYMBOLICMEANINGTHATTHEMUSEUMDISPLAYSTHEYAPPEALTOHI

48、MBECAUSETHEYAREFROZENANDUNCHANGINGTHEMUSEUMREPRESENTSTHEWORLDHOLDENWISHESCOULDLIVEINITSTHEWORLDOFHIS“CATCHERINTHERYE”FANTASY,AWORLDWHERENOTHINGEVERCHANGES,WHEREEVERYTHINGISSIMPLE,UNDERSTANDABLEANDINFINITEFROMHERE,THEMUSEUMSYMBOLIZESHOLDENSDESIRETOREMAINANINNOCENTCHILDWHODOESNOTHAVETOFACETHEDIFFICULT

49、IESANDCHANGESINVOLVEDINGROWINGUPPERHAPSTHEIMAGETHATBESTEXPLAINSHOLDENSDESIRETOKEEPINNOCENCEISTHEIMAGEOFSNOWWHILEHEWASDOINGIT,IWENTOVERTOMYWINDOWANDOPENEDITANDPACKEDASNOWBALLWITHMYBAREHANDSTHESNOWWASVERYGOODFORPACKINGIDIDNTTHROWITATANYTHING,THOUGHISTARTEDTOTHROWITATACARTHATWASPARKEDACROSSTHESTREETBUTICHANGEDMYMINDTHECARLOOKEDSONICEANDWHITETHENISTARTEDTOTHROWITATAHYDRANT,BUTTHATLOOKEDTOONICEANDWHITE,TOOFINALLYIDIDNTTHROWITATANYTHINGALLIDIDWASCLOSETHEWINDOWJDSALINGER,200836FROMTHEDESCRIPTION,WECANSEETHESNOWWORLDISTHEWONDERFULWORLDIN