商务英语在贸易合同中的应用【毕业论文】.doc

1、1（20_届）本科毕业设计英语商务英语在贸易合同中的应用21INTRODUCTIONWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFBUSINESSACTIVITIESBETWEENCHINAANDOTHERFOREIGNCOUNTRIES,ENGLISHCONTRACTINFOREIGNECONOMICANDTRADEACTIVITIESISUSEDMOREANDMOREWIDELYTHEPURPOSEOFPEOPLESENTERINGINTOACONTRACTISTOESTABLISHTHEPARTIESTOPERFORMTHEOBLIGATIONSANDENJOYTHERIGHTSAS

2、AKINDOFDOCUMENT,THECONTRACTISTHELEGALBASISOFWORKINGWITHALLPARTIESANDRESOLVINGDISPUTESESPECIALLYAFTERCHINASJOININGWTOFORMALLY,OURCOUNTRYSFOREIGNECONOMICTRADEBECOMESINCREASINGLYFREQUENTANDHASACHIEVEDRAPIDDEVELOPMENTBUTINECONOMICANDTRADEACTIVITIES,THEREHAVEALSOAPPEAREDMANYFOREIGNECONOMICDISPUTESAMONGTH

3、EM,MANYFOREIGNECONOMICDISPUTESARELARGELYCAUSEDBYTHEPROBLEMSOFTHECONTRACTBECAUSETHERIGHTSANDOBLIGATIONSINTHECONTRACTOFTHEPARTIESISPRESCRIBEDUNCLEARORIMPROPERWORDSANDEXPRESSIONHAVEMADETHEMEANINGCONFUSING,THATMAKESTHECONTRACTPARTYACCIDENTALLYORINTENTIONALLYUSECONTRACTLOOPHOLESSOASTOESCAPERESPONSIBILITY

4、ANDOBLIGATION,WHOSERESULTWILLLEADTOCONTRACTDISPUTESOITISOFGREATSIGNIFICANCEIFTHETRANSLATIONOFFOREIGNRELATEDECONOMICANDTRADECONTRACTSAREACCURATEIFTHETRANSLATIONISDISTORTEDWHICHCANLEADTOTHEFUZZINESSANDUNCERTAINTYOFACONTRACT,THENITISCOMMONFORPEOPLETOINTENTIONALLYESCAPERESPONSIBILITYANDOBLIGATIONEVENFOR

5、COMMERCIALFRAUDANDTHEREWILLBENEGATIVEINFLUENCEONTHEFOREIGNECONOMICANDTRADERELATIONSASAKINDOFLEGALDOCUMENTS,THEBUSINESSCONTRACTSHOULDBEFORMALWITHRIGOROUSDICTION,FORLANGUAGESHOULDHAVESTRICTREQUIREMENTS,EMPHASIZINGEXACTDICTION,STRUCTUREANDSTANDARDFORMSOAGRASPOFTHEPARTICULARITYOFCONTRACTLANGUAGEISTHEKEY

6、POINTTOACCURATETRANSLATIONOFTHECONTRACTTHISPAPERFOCUSESONTHEAPPLICATIONOFBUSINESSENGLISHINTRADECONTRACTITCANBEDIVIDEDINTOFIVEPARTSCHAPTERONESERVINGASANINTRODUCTIONOFTHEPAPERBRIEFLYDESCRIBESTHEOUTLINEOFTHEPAPERCHAPTERTWODISCUSSESTHESTRUCTUREANDCHARACTERISTICSOFENGLISHTRADECONTRACTCHAPTERTHREECARRIESO

7、UTTHEDISCUSSIONOFTHELANGUAGEFEATURESOFTRADECONTRACTWITHSPECIFICEXAMPLESCHAPTERFOURCONCENTRATESONTHEANALYSISOFTHETRANSLATIONOFTRADECONTRACTANDCHAPTERFIVEISTHECONCLUSION2THESTRUCTUREANDCHARACTERISTICSOFENGLISHTRADECONTRACT21THESTRUCTUREOFENGLISHTRADECONTRACTALTHOUGHCONCRETEITEMSINBUSINESSCONTRACTAREDI

8、FFERENTANDMANYCOMPANIESALSOHAVETHEIROWNCONTRACTPATTERN,THEBASICCLAUSESISVERYMUCHTHESAMEACONTRACTSHOULDHAVEANORIGINALVERSIONANDACOPYONETHEUSUALFORMATHASTHREEPARTSTHEHEAD,THEBODY3ANDTHEENDFIRSTTHEHEADOFTHECONTRACTCANBEDIVIDEDINTOSIXPARTS,THENAMEOFTHECONTRACT,THENUMBERSOFTHECONTRACT,THEDATEOFSIGNING,TH

9、EADDRESSOFSIGNING,THEBUYERSANDSELLERSNAME,ADDRESS,CONTACTINFORMATIONANDPREFACESECONDTHEREHAVEFIFTEENPOINTSWHICHAREINTHEBODYOFTHECONTRACT1COMMODITYANDSPECIFICATIONS2QUANTITY3QUALITY4PRICE5TIMEOFSHIPMENT6INSURANCE7PACKING8SHIPPINGMARK9GUARANTEEOFQUALITY10INSPECTIONANDCLAIMS11TERMSOFPAYMENT12TERMSOFSHI

10、PMENT3FORCEMAJEURE14LATEDELIVERYANDPENALTY15ARBITRATIONANDTHELASTPARTOFTHECONTRACTISTHEENDITCANBEDIVIDEDINTOFOURPARTS,EFFECTIVEDATE,OBSERVELAWS,THESIGNATUREOFBILATERALANDTHECONTRACTNOTEPARTSLVYING，200622THEFEATURESOFENGLISHTRADECONTRACT221STYLISTICFEATURESTHESTYLISTICFEATUREOFTHEENGLISHTRADECONTRACT

11、CANBEDIVIDEDTHREEPARTSFENGGUIYING，2004THEFIRSTISTHEPROFESSIONALISMOFCONTENTTHEROLEOFTHECONTRACTISSTATINGEXPLICITLYANDRULINGTHERIGHTSANDOBLIGATIONSINDIFFERENTPARTIESINTHERELATEDACTIVITIES,DUETOTHEWIDERANGEOFFIELD,SUCHASCOMMODITY,TRADE,COMMODITYINSPECTION,TRANSPORTATION,INSURANCE,TECHNOLOGY,FINANCIAL,

12、LAWANDSOONSOITINVOLVESDIFFERENTAREASOFPROFESSIONALWORDSANDTERMSTHESECONDISRIGOROFLANGUAGEASTHESOLUTIONTOTHEDISPUTEOFBUSINESSACTIVITIES,ANDTOAVOIDSUBSEQUENTFEEDBACKANDDISPUTES，ITSACCURATEANDRIGOROUSEXPRESSIONISPARTICULARLYIMPORTANTFOREXAMPLES，IFTHESUBCONTRACTORFAILSTOCOMMENCEANDSATISFACTORILYCONTINUE

13、CORRECTIONOFADEFAULTWITHINTHREEWORKINGDAYSAFTERRECEIPTBYTHESUBCONTRACTOROFTHENOTICEISSUEDUNDERARTICLE1011,THENTHECONTRACTORMAY,INLIEUOFORINADDITIONTOARTICLE1011,ISSUEASECONDWRITTENNOTICE,BYCERTIFIEDMAIL,TOTHESUBCONTRACTORANDITSSURETY,IFANYITISREQUIREDTOUSESTANDARDWORDSANDFORMALVOCABULARYALMOSTEVERYC

14、ONTRACTNEEDTHEOLDENGLISHVOCABULARYSUCHASHEREBY,THEREOF,WHEREASANDSOONANDTHESENTENCESTRUCTURESSHOULDBELOGICALANDSERIOUS,INORDERTOMAKETHEMEANINGCLEARLYANDACCURATELY,ASENTENCESTRUCTUREISCOMPLEX,WITHTHEINSERTINGPART4THETHIRDFEATUREISTHEINDIRECTNESSOFREFERENTINORDERTOSHOWCLAUSALCONTENTTOALLALIKE,CONTRACT

15、WHOLLYUSESINDIRECTALLEGEDPRONOUNS,SUCHASBOTHPARTYAANDPARTBAGREETHATATECHNOLOGYTRANSFERAGREEMENTSHALLBESIGNEDBETWEENTHEJOINTVENTURECOMPANYANDPARTYCORATHIRDPARTYINTHISEXAMPLE,THEPARTA,PARTB,PARTCATHIRDPARTYAREALLINDIRECTLYALLEGED,ITREFERSTOTHEPARTIESTOTHECONTRACTPARTYTHESEKINDOFINDIRECTALLEGATIONSAREC

16、OMMONASTHESELLER,THEBUYER,THERECIPIENT,THESUPPLYING,THETRANSFER,ANDTHETRANSFEREEANDSOONTHELASTCHARACTERISARTICLERATIONALEXPRESSIONCONTRACTGENERALLYINCLUDESOUTLINE,TERMSANDCONDITIONS,SOTHELOGICANDLANGUAGEMUSTBECLEARWHENWEEXPRESSCONTRACTFORMATBASICSAREMADEUPOFTHREEPARTSWHICHAREPREFACE,TEXTANDENDING,ME

17、ANWHILETHEENTRYOFSENTENCESTRUCTURESAREOFTENTHESAME,ANDTHEOUTLINEANDTERMSSTRUCTUREALSOSHOULDBECOHERENT222GRAMMATICALFEATURESATPRESENT,BUSINESSCONTRACTBELONGSTOTHECATEGORYOFENGLISHLAW,SOITHASITSUNIQUELANGUAGESTYLEFORMALANDACCURATEDICTION,SPECIALIZEDEXPRESSION,PRECISESTRUCTURE,ANDPARTICULARFORMATTHEREF

18、ORE,GRASPINGTHEPARTICULARITYOFCONTRACTLANGUAGEISTHEKEYPOINT,WHICHCANHELPUSTOUNDERSTANDANDTRANSLATETHECONTRACTACCURATELYXIAYONG，2010THEFIRSTGRAMMATICALFEATUREISFORMALTERMSTHECONTRACTTEXTISDIFFERENTFROMLITERARYWORKSANDDAILYCONVERSATIONITISIMPOSSIBLETOUSEPROVERBS,SLANG,ETC,ANDITALSOCANTUSEMAGNIFICENTWO

19、RDSANDIMAGESOFRHETORICDEVICESSUCHASCOEXAGGERATION,PERSONIFICATIONANDPARABLETOEXPRESSTHEMEANINGSO,CONTRACTTERMSARETHECALMLANGUAGE,WHICHSHOULDBESTRINGENTLYGRAVEANDCLEARLYACCURATE,WITHOUTEMOTIONALTYPEOFVOCABULARYMEANWHILE,INTHEPARTOFDICTION,ITHASANOBVIOUSCHARACTERISTICWHICHISUSINGWORDSFORMALLY,SOCALLED

20、THELATINATEWORDSFOREXAMPLE开始BEGINCOMMENCE给GIVERENDER终结ENDTERMINATE解释EXPLAINCONSTRUE签订SIGNEXECUTE撤回GIVEUPRELINQUISH/WAIVEANDTHEREARESEVERALOTHEREXAMPLES,EGTHECHAIRMANMAYCONVENEANINTERIMMEETINGINACCORDANCEWITHAPROPOSALMADEBYONETHIRDOFTHETOTALNUMBEROFDIRECTORS董事长可根据董事会三分之一董事的提议，召集临时董事会5INTHISSENTENCE,C

21、ONVENEANDINTERIMAREFORMALWORDS,ANDMOREFORMALTHANCALLANDTEMPORARYEGTHEDIRECTORSANDOFFICERSOFTHECORPORATIONSHALLBEINDEMNIFIEDBYTHECORPORATIONTOTHEFULLESTEXTENTNOTPROHIBITEDBYTHECOMPANYLAWOFTHEPEOPLESREPUBLICOFCHINA公司必须对公司董事和高级职员作最大限度的补偿，其不受中华人民共和国公司法的限制INTHISSENTENCE,INDEMNIFYANDPROHIBITAREFORMALWORDS

22、,ANDMOREFORMALTHANCOMPENSATEANDPREVENTTHESECONDFEATUREISACRONYMACRONYMINENGLISHECONOMICCONTRACTAPPEAREDINHIGHFREQUENCYWHICHAREMAINLYDIVIDEDINTOTHEHEADEDLETTERSACRONYMSANDDOCKEDSHORTTERMINTERNATIONALTRADEINTHECONTRACTPRICE,PAYMENTANDINSURANCEWAYMOSTLYWITHINITIALSACRONYMFORM,SUCHASFCA（FREECARRIER），CIF

23、（COSTINSURANCEANDFREIGHT），C/O（CAREOF），DDU（DELIVEREDDUTYUNPAID），A/P（AUTHORITYTOPURCHASE）THESEACRONYMSHAVETHEFOLLOWINGADVANTAGES1FORMANDMEANINGAREFIXED,PEOPLEWONTBECAUSEOFUNDERSTANDINGPROBLEMSORINORDERTOEXPRESSINNOVATIONTOUSETHETERMEXPRESSIONARBITRARILY,THUSENSURESTHETERMINOLOGYSTANDARDIZATION2SIMPLEP

24、ALPABILITYANDREDUCINGERRORS,ACRONYMFORMISACTUALLYACONVENTIONAL,ITNOTONLYCONTRACTED,BUTALSOCLEAR,ITCANMINIMIZEINTERPRETATIONERRORS,ANDENSUREGLOSSARYSIGNIFICANCEOFACCURACYANDSTABILITY3SAVINGTIMEANDIMPROVINGEFFICIENCY,ITISSELFEVIDENTTHATFORECONOMICPARTIESSAVETIMETOIMPROVEEFFICIENCYIFYOUWANTTOEXACTLYTRA

25、NSLATESUCHACRONYM,THEKEYLIESINTHEUSUALCOLLECTIONANDACCUMULATION,ANDONTHISBASISKNOWNASTHEFULLNAMEOFTHEACRONYMANDUNDERSTANDTHEMEANINGSYANGJIAN，2001THETHIRDFEATUREISTHESHARINGOFSYNONYMSANDNEARSYNONYMSALTHOUGHCONTRACTLANGUAGEREQUIRESOUTLINETOBESIMPLEANDCLEAR,INORDERTOEMPHASIZEITSSOLEMNSEX,ANDPURSUITOFAC

26、CURATEEFFECT,INORDINARYVOCABULARY,THEREAREMANYSYNONYMSFOLDWITHPHENOMENONTHISKINDOFSYNONYMSFOLDUSEISNOTMUCHNUMBERSFROMACONTRACT,BUTFROMTHEGENERALCONTRACTWHERETHEREEXISTSLOTSOFTHISPHENOMENONEGIFTHECONTRACTORSHALLDULYPERFORMANDOBSERVEALLTHETERMS，PROVISIONS，CONDITIONSANDSTIPULATIONSOFTHESAIDCONTRACT，THI

27、SOBLIGATIONSHALLBENULLANDVOIDBUTOTHERWISESHALLBEANDREMAININFULLFORCEANDEFFECT如果承包人切实履行并遵守上述合同的所有条款、条件及规定，本报证书所承担的义务即告终结，否则这种义务应保持完全有效INTHISSENTENCEITAVOIDTHECONTRACTTHATBOTHSIDESMISCONSTRUEDMEANING,ANDENSURETHECONTENTENTIRELYACCURATE,BETTERSAFEGUARDTHEINTERESTSOFBOTHPARTIES6THEFOURTHFEATUREISPROFESS

28、IONALTERMTECHNICALTERMSREFERTOTHESPECIALIZEDSHOPTALKWHICHISMAINLYUSEDINASUBJECTORPARTICULARFIELDTHESESPECIALTERMSHAVEPARTICULARMEANINGS,ANDITISKNOWNFAMILIARTOANDUSEDWIDELYBYPEOPLEWHOAREINTHEAREATHETECHNICALTERMSHASINTERNATIONALGENERALITY,WHICHHASPRECISEMEANING,NOAMBIGUITY,NOPERSONALEMOTIONALANDDISTI

29、NCTSTYLEFEATURESPECIFICALLYSPEAKING,ECONOMICCONTRACTTERMSAPPEARINLARGENUMBERSINTHEFIELDSSUCHASMARKETING,FINANCIAL,BUSINESSACCORDINGTOTHEDIFFERENTSUBJECTMATTEROFVARIOUSCONTRACTS,ITALSOSHOULDUSEARELATEDAREAOFTECHNOLOGYTERMINOLOGYEGWEHEREBYAGREEWITHTHEDRAWERS，ENDORSERSANDBONAFIDEHOLDERSOFTHEDRAFTSDRAWN

30、UNDERANDINCOMPLIANCEWITHTHETERMSOFTHISCREDITTHATSUCHDRAFTSSHALLBEDULYHONOREDONDUEPRESENTATIONANDDELIVERYOFDOCUMENTSASHEREINSPECIFIED根据本信用证并按其所列条款开具之汇票向我行提示并交出本证规定之单据者，我行同意对其出票人、背书人及善意持有人履行付款责任THISSENTENCEISCONCERNINGOPENINGTHEL/C,IFTHETRADERCANTUNDERSTANDMUCHABOUTTHEPROFESSIONALTERMOFTHEL/C,HECANTAC

31、TACCORDINGLYTHELASTFEATUREOFTHEENGLISHCONTRACTISTHEUSEOFTHEWORDSHALLINENGLISH,CONTRACTTERMSOFTENUSEAUXILIARYVERBSHALLTOREPRESENTTHEMUSTTOPERFORMTHEDUTYORTHEBEHAVIORSTHATMAYNOTHAPPENDUETOTHERIGOROFENGLISHCONTRACTDOCUMENT,ANDTHEHIGHLYSTYLIZEDLANGUAGESTYLECHARACTERISTICS,SHALLOFTHISUSAGEHASBECOMECONVEN

32、TIONALNORMSWHENSUCHADOCUMENTREPRESENTSDUTYTHEREFORE,CORRECTUSEOFSHALLREPRESENTSTHATTHEMUSTTOPERFORMTHEDUTYANDELIMINATETHEBEHAVIOR,WHICHCANNOTBEINTERPRETEDCORRECTLYWITHOUTREALUNDERSTANDINGBYUSINGMUST,SHOULD,OUGHTTO,WILLEGTHEBOARDOFDIRECTORSSHALLBETHEHIGHESTAUTHORITYOFAJOINTVENTUREITSHALLDECIDEALLMAJO

33、RMATTERSCONCERNINGTHEJOINTVENTURE董事会是合营企业的最高权力机构，应决定合营企业的一切重大问题THECHINESEWORD“应”MEANS“理所应当”，ANDTHEWORDS“理”NOTONLYCANMEANS“道理”,BUTALSOCANMEANS“法理”TOSUMUP,ECONOMICCONTRACTENGLISHASAKINDOFSPECIALUSEENGLISHHASITSOWNSTYLISTICFEATURESTHEREAREMANYKINDSOFFOREIGNECONOMICCONTRACTS,INVOLVINGMAJORINTERESTS,SOPE

34、OPLESHOULDNOTONLYHAVEHIGHERLANGUAGETRAINING,BUTALSONEEDTHEKNOWLEDGEOFTHELAWRELATEDTOINTERNATIONALTRADE,INTERNATIONALFINANCE,ANDINSURANCETRANSPORTATIONANDSOONMOREOVERTHEYSHOULDHAVEHIGHSENSEOFRESPONSIBILITYANDSERIOUSWORKSTYLE73THELANGUAGEFEATURESOFENGLISHTRADECONTRACT31THELANGUAGEFEATURESOFTHETERMSINT

35、HEENGLISHCONTRACT,THETERMSSHOULDTRYTOBEUSEDFORMALLYANDLEGALLY,RATHERTHANTHEORALEXPRESSIONBUSINESSCONTRACTBELONGSTOLEGALANDFORMALWRITTENDOCUMENT,SOITISQUITENECESSARYTOUSEFORMALANDLEGALOFWORDSWHENWEWORKEDTHECONTRACT,ANDTHEPEOPLEWHORESPONDTOTHEWORKEDTHECONTRACTSHOULDSTRENGTHENTHEKNOWLEDGEOFTHISPARTEGIN

36、CASEONEPARTYDESIRESTOSELLORASSIGNALLOFORPARTOFITSINVESTMENTSUBSCRIBED,THEOTHERPARTYSHALLHAVETHEPREEMPTIVEINTHISSENTENCETHELEGALPROFESSIONALTERMSASSIGNEDISMOREFORMALTHANTHEWORDTRANSFERONTHEOTHERHANDTHEREALSOHAVEMANYNOTESINUSINGTONETHEFIRSTISSTRIVINGTOBERIGOROUSANDUNMISTAKABLETHETRANSLATORSHOULDTRYTOC

37、LARIFYINFORMATIONWHENTRANSLATINGTHECONTRACTITCANAVOIDUNNECESSARYAMBIGUITYANDMISUNDERSTANDINGWHICHCANLEADTOLETTINGTHEMEANINGOFTHESENTENCEFUZZYANDPOLYSEMOUSTHETRANSLATORSHOULDTRYTOMAKETHELANGUAGESTANDARDANDEXPRESSTHEORIGINALPURPOSECOMPLETELYANDACCURATELYEG本合同只能按照双方的授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或者增补。THISCONTRACTCANO

38、NLYBEALTERED,AMENDEDORSUPPLEMENTEDINACCORDANCEWITHDOCUMENTSSIGNEDANDSEALEDBYAUTHORIZEDREPRESENTATIVESOFBOTHPARTIESTHESECONDPOINTISUSINGMOREACTIVEVOICEANDLESSPASSIVEVOICETHEMAINCOMMERCIALCONTRACTISMADEBYCOMPLETESENTENCES,INWHICHTHEREAREMANYSTATEMENTSALLOFTHEMHAVETHESAMEORSIMILARDEEPLOGICSTRUCTURE,WIT

39、HMOREACTIVEVOICEANDLESSPASSIVEVOICE,BECAUSETHEACTIVEVOICEISMORENATURAL,CLEAR,DIRECTANDFORCEFULEG乙方被甲方委托为在新加坡的独家销售代理商。PARTYBISHEREBYAPPOINTEDBYPARTYAASITSEXCLUSIVESALESAGENTINSINGAPOREIMPROPER8EG甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商。PARTYAHEREBYAPPOINTSPARTYBASITSEXCLUSIVESALESAGENTINSINGAPOREPROPERTHENEXTPOINTISUSING

40、MOREPRESENTTENSEANDLESSFUTURETENSETHOUGHMANYPROVISIONSALWAYSOCCURAFTERSIGNINGTHEBUSINESSCONTRACT,WEUSETHEPRESENTTENSEINSTEADOFTHEFUTURETENSEEG当有下列事件之一发生，被许可人提前90天向许可人发送书面通知后,可以终止合同。LICENSEEMAYTERMINATETHISCONTRACT90DAYSAFTERAWRITTENNOTICETHEREOFISSENTTOLICENSORUPONTHEHAPPENINGOFONEOFTHEFOLLOWINGEVEN

41、TSTHELASTPOINTISTHATUSINGMOREDIRECTEXPRESSIONANDLESSINDIRECTEXPRESSIONEG本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。THISARTICLEDOESNOTAPPLYTOBONDHOLDERSWHOHAVENOTBEENAIDINFULLUNCOMMONEG本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。THISARTICLEAPPLIESONLYTOBONDHOLDERSWHOHAVEBEENAIDINFULLCOMMON32THELANGUAGEFEATURESOFTHESENTENCEECONOMICANDTRADECONTRACTS

42、ANDOTHERLEGALDOCUMENTSSTIPULATEWHATBOTHSIDESOFTHECONTRACTSHOULDDO,INSTEADOFTHEFORMOFRAISINGAQUESTIONORDISCUSSING,SOTHECONTRACTALWAYSUSESSTATEMENTSANOTHERTHANINTERROGATIVESENTENCESTHECONTRACTISUSINGCOMPLETESENTENCE,ANDLESSSIMPLESENTENCESANDELLIPTICALSENTENCE,SOASMAKETHECONTRACTORAGREEMENTCLEARTHETRAN

43、SLATORSHOULDNOTONLYPREVENTOMISSIONS,BUTALSOELIMINATETHEPOSSIBILITYOFCASUALADDSOASHAVETHEABILITYTOAVOIDDISPUTESARISINGINBOTHSIDESINTHECOOPERATIONFOLLOWINGARETYPICALSENTENCEPATTERNSTRUCTUREUSEDINTHEECONOMICANDTRADECONTRACT321USINGCONDITIONALADVERBIALCLAUSETRADECONTRACTAIMSTOPROVIDEANDRESTRAINTHEPARTIE

44、SRIGHTS,OBLIGATIONSANDRESPONSIBILITIESACCURATELYANDSTRICTLY,SOTHEENGLISHOFTHECONTRACTISTHOUGHTTOBEMETICULOUSANDSTRONGLYLOGICAL,ITNOTONLYSHOULDCONSIDERALLSORTSOFDIFFERENTCIRCUMSTANCES,BUTALSOELIMINATEALLSORTSOFEXCEPTIONSEXPERTFORTHECONTRACTPROVISIONSTHEOBLIGATIONSOFEACHOTHER,THETRANSLATORALSOSHOULDCO

45、NSIDERVARIOUSSCENARIOSANDEMERGENCYMEASURES,SOTHECONTRACTPROVISIONSHOULDHAVEMORECONDITIONALCLAUSE,ESPECIALLYINTHEPAYMENT,RESPONSIBILITYOFBREACH,FORCEMAJEURE,PROPERTYPROCESSINGANDARBITRATIONINENGLISH,THEMOSTINCOMMONISUSINGIF,SHOULD,UNLESS,PROVIDEDTHAT,INTHEEVENTOF/THAT,IN9CASEOF/THATTOSHOWTHEFIRSTISGU

46、IDINGSENTENCESWITHIFWHENENGLISHCONTRACTWANTTOEXPRESS“如果”、“在做什么事”,YOUCANUSEIFTOGUIDETHECLAUSESORPHRASESEGIFTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHECONTRACTISINFLUENCEDBYTYPHOONS,EARTHQUAKEOROTHERSEYETOOTHSIDESASFORCEMCONSIDEREDBYBAJEURE,THEPOSTPONEMENTOFIMPLEMENTATIONSHOULDBEEQUALTOTHEEFFECTIVEPERIODOFTHESAIDCAUSES签字双

47、方的任何一方由于台风、地震和双方同意的不可抗力事故而影响合同执行时，则延迟履行合同的期限应相当于出事故所影响的时间SECONDISTHEGUIDINGSENTENCESWITHSHOULDITISJUSTUSEDWHENASSUMINGTHEADVERSESITUATIONAGAINSTTHEPARTIESWILLING,ANDWEALWAYSPUTTHEWORD“SHOULD”INFRONTOFTHECLAUSEEGSHOULDNOSETTLEMENTBEREACHEDTHROUGHNEGOTIATION,THECASESHALLTHENBESUBMITTEDFORARBITRATIONTO

48、THECHINAINTERNATIONALECONOMICANDTRADEARBITRATIONCOMMISSIONBEIJINGANDTHERULESOFTHISCOMMISSIONSHALLBEAPPLIED如协商不能解决争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁THELASTONEISGUIDINGSENTENCESWITHUNLESSUNLESSMEANS“除非”,ITCANBECONNECTEDWITH“OTHERWISE”THEREARETWOKINDSOFBASICSENTENCEPATTERNS,ONEIS“UNLESSOTHERWISEST

49、IPULATED”,THEOTHERIS“EXCEPTASOTHERWISEPROVIDED”,BESIDESTHE“STIPULATE”AND“PROVIDE”,YOUCANALSOUSE“REQUIRE”AND“STATE”INSTEADEGEXCEPTASOTHERWISEREQUIREDBYLAWORTHISAGREEMENT,THEVENTURESSHALLNOTBEREQUIREDTOMAKEANYFURTHERCAPITALCONTRIBUTIONSTOTHEVENTURE除非法律或本协议另有规定，不得要求合资方向企业另行交纳出资322USINGATTRIBUTIVECLAUSECOMPAREDWITHCOMMONENGLISH,THESENTENCEINECONOMICCONTRACTHASMORECOMPLEXSTRUCTURE,USINGLONGSENTENCEANDTHECONSISTENCYOFCLAUSECOMPLETELYUSINGLONGSENTENCESCANACCURATELYSTRENGTHENASTHERELEVANTPARTIESONCONTRACTRIGHTSANDOBLIGATIONS,WHICHITCANEXCLUDETHEPOSSIBILITYOFBEINGMISINTERPRETED,MISUNDERST