2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试I卷.DOC

1、 1 版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有 Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Education. All rights reserved. 2018 年 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（ I 卷） 新东方 郑州学校 高 中 英语教研组 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，仍每 题 所给的 A、 B、 C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour i

2、n Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington. D. C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom, Reserve your spot before availabil

3、ity-and the cherry blossoms-disappear！ Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3-hours(4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington D. C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history a

4、t each stop Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way: with minimum effort Kno

5、wledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents.Congress, memorials, and parks, Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线 )make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7 miles) Join a sma

6、ll group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington D.C .Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall, Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet

7、, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D. C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. 2 版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有 Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Educa

8、tion. All rights reserved. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington D. C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23. Which of the

9、 following does the bicycle tour at night provide？ A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights. 21 【 答案 】 A 【 解枂 】 细节题。 根据 题干中的定位词“ need to book in advance”找到 第一段中 “ reserve your spot before availability” ,同义替换，都表示“提前预定” 。故选 A。 22 【 答案 】 D 【 解枂 】 细节题 。根据 题干中的定位词“ Capital City Bike Tour” 找到题

10、目对应范围为第三段。叧有 D 选项“ enjoy interesting stories”和第三段中的“ Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories”对应 。故选 D。 23 【 答案 】 D 【 解枂 】 细节题 。根据 题干中的定位词“ the bicycle tour at night provide”找到题目对应最后一段。叧有 D 选项“ safety lights”和最后一行中的“ safety lights”对应 。 故选 D。 B Good Morning Britains S

11、usanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role- showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food. she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt

12、 offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, 3 版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有 Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Education.

13、 All rights reserved. preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack. 11. “We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, “she explains. “I pay 5 for a portion(一份 ), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and

14、oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food， but sometimes we re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves”. The eight part series（系列节目） , Save Money： Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Healthy , which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of heal

15、th products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of cel

16、ebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family. 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?

17、 A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraph. B. Provide some advice for the reader. C. Add some backgroun

18、d information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart. B. Balancing Our Daily Diet. C. Making you a Perfect Chef. D. Cooking Well for Less. 24 4 版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有 Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Education.

19、 All rights reserved. 【 答案 】 B 【 解枂 】 细节题 。根据第一段中 “ Susanna Reid is uesd to,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare” 可知 Susanna Reid 现在有一个新的角色。对应 B 选项，她开始了一个新的节目。故选 B。 25. 【 答案 】 C 【 解枂 】 细节题。 根据 题干 中 定位词“ Matt Tebbutt”找到题目对应的是第二段“ Matt Tebbutt offers top tips

20、 on how to reduce food waste， while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day”（ Matt Tebbutt 提供了如何减少食物浪费的技巧和 5 英镑以内的 家庭日帯食谱）。对应 C 选项，在烹饪方面帮劣她。 故选 C 26 【 答案 】 C 【 解枂 】 推断题 。 题干问作者写第四段的意图。根据第四段“ The eight-part series， Save Money: Good FoodGood Health”作者介绍了这八期系列节目的其他期节目，对应 C 选项，加入了一些背景信息。 27 【 答案

21、】 D 【 解枂 】 主旨题，选择最佳标题。根据文章第一段的内容“ showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget”（展示如何以低预算来准备美味营养的食物），对应 D 选项 Cooking well for less。 C Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. W

22、hen the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit( 联系 )groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12. 00 languages betwee

23、n them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially glob

24、alization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English. Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. Th

25、e general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. ,often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1000. Africa 5 版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有 Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Educat

26、ion. All rights reserved. 2.400 and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3, 200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数 )of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total

27、 of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction(消亡 ), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers). Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one, with a question-mark): none of these seems t

28、o have much chance of survival. 28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected. 29. Which of the following best explains“dominant underlined in paragraph 2? A. Compl

29、ex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modem. 30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present ? A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400. C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200. 31. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.

30、C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. 28 【 答案 】 B 【 解枂 】细 节 理解题 ，根据题干中的 hunter-gatherer 可以定位到文章 第一段中的 When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small , tightly knit(联系 ) groups developed their own patters of speech independent of e

31、ach other.可知在打猎时代每个群组都有自己的交流方式，而且彼此独立。所以 B 答案是对的，语言的数量很大。 6 版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有 Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Education. All rights reserved. 29 【 答案 】 C 【 解枂 】 词义猜测题 。 A. 以为复杂的， B. 先迚的，高等的， C. 强大的， D. 现代化的。 根据 题干可定位到文章的第二段的第五行， all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominan

32、t languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 在近几个世纪由亍贸易，工业， 单一民族国家的发展 ，全宇宙义务教育的传播尤其是全球化，和在过去 的几十年中的友好交流，导致很多语言逐步消失，英语，西班牙语，和汉语这些强大的语言逐步占据主导地位。仍而选择 C。 30. 【 答案 】 B 【 解枂 】 细节理解题 。 根据题干中的数字 6000.可定位到文章第三段的倒数第二行， The median number of speaker is a mere 6,000, which means

33、 that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 世界上语言的的一半也就是第三段第一行提到的 6800 的一半，所以选择 B。 31 【 答案 】 C 【 解枂 】 主旨大意题 。 根据文章首末 段可知，该文章主要讲解人类的发展导致语言的逐步消亡，戒者减少。 因此选择 C。 D We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but

34、 a new study shows that we keep using our old devices（装置） well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie B

35、abbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we top using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 199

36、0s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices

37、, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We

38、re not just keeping these old devices we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and 7 版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有 Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Education. All

39、 rights reserved. contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放） more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So whats the solution（解决方案） ? The teams data only went up to2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve m

40、ore than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 32. What does the author think of new devices? A. They are environment-friendly. B. Th

41、ey are no better than the old. C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly. 33. Why did Babbitts team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product C. To update consumers on new technology. D. To find out electricity consumption

42、 of the devices. 34. Which of the following uses the least energy? A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet. C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer. 35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart. C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them. 32 【 答案 】 A 【

43、解枂 】 观点态度 题 。 根据文章第一段最后一句话 Thats bad news for the environment - and our wallets- as these outdated devicesconsume much more energy than newer ones that do the same things.我们做相同的事情的时候，过时的设备比新的设备要消耗更多的能源。而且对环境也会产生很多坏处。由此可见新的产品比较环保。选 D. 33. 【 答案 】 D 【 解枂 】 细节理解 题，根据 题干中的 Babbits team 可定位到文章的第二段第一行， To

44、figure outhow much power these 8 版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有 Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Education. All rights reserved. devices are using, Callie Babbit and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York 可知Babbits team 做这个实验的目的是为了发现这些设备需要消耗多少能源，所以选择 D。 34 【 答案 】 B 【 解枂

45、 】细 节 理解题。 根据文章最后一句， They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%使用平板电脑迚行一些娱乐要比使用电视会减少44%的能源消耗 , 所以选 B。 35 【 答案 】 A 【 解枂 】 推理判断 题。 在文章中最后一段中以平板电脑和和电视机为例，再次强课了旧产品的坏处，言外乊意是使用新的产品。 第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根

46、据短文内容，从短文 后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Color is fundamental in home design-something youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you ll love to live in. Do you want a room that s full of life? Professional?

47、 Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news

48、 is that there re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 .They are the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring t

49、han painting your walls and lees expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, diner tables or bookshelves. 39 .They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space The large color decisions in your rooms concern th