1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文标题市盈率、股息收益率和房地产股票价格资料来源WWW点DOCIN点COM/P59586974点HTML作者RAYMONDYCTSE执行摘要股息收益率和市盈率的预测能力,形成了市场时机,是股市主要的资产配置策略。本研究探讨在何种程度上在房地产收益的变化,体现在财产的价值和股息收益率的变化,可以很大的影响P/E比率。这项研究只限于香港四大地产股。这表明,低股利收益率出现具有相对较高的价格对收益率。股息收益率的差异,往往具有较高的派息比率迅速股息调整,增加相对收益率的方差。介绍与房地产资本化率相比,鲜为人知的是地产股市盈率(P/E)的预测。这是因为房地产的资本化比率
2、从地产股的P/E比率是根本不同的。有决心在市场空间,而房地产租金收益反映了一个公司的表现。有几个原因,为什么房地产回报物业公司的表现上有显著的影响。大多数开发人员有大量的房地产贷款,房地产回报按理应该有他们的盈利能力产生重大影响。一个弱的房地产市场将最终导致物业公司为减少现金流量。谢和WEBB(2000)表明,地产股,其资产与一个更大的住宅物业的投资部分,住宅物业价格的变化最为敏感。虽然房地产市场的一个良好的应用前景证明一个较高的P/E比率,关注出现低迷为首的房地产股票价格可能会因为公司的股价已经成为了非常高的相对房地产市时,他们的收入红红火火。另外,它一直认为,高市盈率通常是由股票价格增长缓
3、慢。坎贝尔和希勒(1998)发现价格市盈率是负相关,与随后的股票价格增长,但随后的收入增长不相关。此外,高P/E比率意味着收益率很低,从而表明股票是昂贵的相对另类投资。股市投资者的兴趣在股息收益率和市盈率作为工具,在高度波动的股票市场,在市场时机返回变量的预测能力。FAMA和FRENCH(1998)与相对较高的P/E比率,高盈利能力和持续增长,增长方式是与股票。然而,地产股是有区别的普通股方面的异质性房地产和房地产市场的内在波动。一个在房地产需求的微观计量经济学分析主要问题涉及资本市场的约束,限制他们的能力,借用对他们的整个未来收入流。此外,房地产的交易成本过高,往往会阻碍调整,以改变价格和收
4、入。在20世纪80年代,房地产文学开2始之间的房地产和房地产股的选择要注意。与普通股不同的是,房地产市场的各种特征复杂的交易过程。这些特点是(1)房地产的区位差异(2)异质性房地产(3)罕见的买家和卖家之间的交易(4)复杂性,从交易的财务和法律方面所产生的。与房地产市场,美国股市在连续竞价市场的交易成本低,体积大,大池和知情的买家和卖家贸易。在短期均衡,市场价格有一些相同的属性的分布(QUAN和QUIGLEY,1991)。在房地产市场中,代理商的互动比在股市中“(MANTRALA和ZABEL,1995)更复杂。例如,房地产空置超过自用不动产(ZUEHLKE1987年)的价格。以往的研究已经倾向
5、于把重点放在股票收益可预测P/E比率(FAMA和FRENCH,1988BFAMA和FRENCH,1998年FERSON和HARVEY,1997ROUWENHORST,1999年)或股票和房地产市场如何,相互关联的(他,MYER和WEBB,1996年EICHHOLTZ和1996年的HARTZELL,QUAN和TITMAN,1999年,TSE和WEBB,2000)。早期文献(如,1977年欧文和GRUNDFEST)显示,房地产市场和证券交易所之间有一个比喻。虽然在这些市场中存在重要的差异,两者都受到类似的竞争压力。特别是,ROSS和ZISLER(1991)股票,房地产的回报率大致相若。本研究开发基
6、于林特纳(1956年)的股息调整模型的延伸。其目的是调查的股息收益率和过去的回报的预测能力在企业层面的控制错误更正后的地产股未来的P/E比率。结果表明,股息收益率和过去的回报,P/E比率的预测能力,因此它们可以作为工具使用,形成了市场时机,在股市的资产配置策略。这项研究的一个特殊贡献是首次发现,在房地产收益的变化,体现在财产的价值和股息收益率的变化,可以极大地影响P/E比率。之间不同的地产股的P/E比率的价格增长的影响也是比较。结论本文介绍了对地产股的P/E比率的行为进行调查的方法。结果的P/E比率的可预测性方面有重要的影响。不过,这项研究的重点在企业层面上的地产股。在香港股市波动的一个很好的
7、协议,可以归结为房地产市场(TSE,2001)。例如,由于在1997年10月的金融风暴,属性的股票指数表现不佳在此期间。物业股票P/E比率在1997年7月从157下降到小于50,在1998年7月,由近70的下降,这是所有的香港股票的子指数中最低的。然而,地产股,普通股的分化与异质性房地产和房地产市场的内在波动。这项研究表明,在P/E比率的增加可能会发生在两个方面,通过股票价格或股息收益率增长放缓的较快增长。言下之意是,有一些由于股息收益率的均值回归的P/E比率的可预测性。低股利收益率似乎是一个比较高的P/E,因为较低的股息收益率可能表明,股息保留供内部使用。因此,较低的股息支付,以避免较高的融
8、资成本,并提高未来的利润。因此,较高的利润,将导致更高3的股票价格和P/E比率。这些结果与迈尔斯(1984年)的尊卑秩序和利益相关者的分红行为的假设是一致的。也有证据表明,P/E比率是高价格的增长速度是高。这项研究表明,高P/E比率信号在短期的股票价格增长较快。结果还表明,股息收益率的方差趋于增加相对快速股息调整和较高的派息比率,以赚取收益率的方差。这种模式可应用于不同类型的股票,仍然必须等待进一步的研究。在这一领域的其他研究可以扩展的结果来衡量定价或交易习惯上的差异造成的影响。4外文文献原文TITLEPRICEEARNINGSRATIOS,DIVIDENDYIELDSANDREALESTAT
9、ESTOCKPRICESMATERIALSOURCEWWW点DOCIN点COM/P59586974点HTMLAUTHORRAYMONDYCTSEEXECUTIVESUMMARYBOTHDIVIDENDYIELDSANDPASTRETURNSHAVEPREDICTIVEPOWERFORP/ERATIOSHENCETHEYCANBEUSEDASTOOLSINFORMINGAMARKETTIMINGANDASSETALLOCATIONSTRATEGYINSTOCKMARKETSTHISSTUDYEXAMINESTHEEXTENTTOWHICHCHANGESINREALESTATERETURNS,RE
10、FLECTEDINCHANGESOFPROPERTYVALUEANDDIVIDENDYIELDS,CANHAVEGREATEFFECTSONP/ERATIOSTHESTUDYISCONFINEDTOFOURMAJORREALESTATESTOCKSINHONGKONGITSHOWSTHATALOWDIVIDENDYIELDAPPEARSTOBEASSOCIATEDWITHARELATIVELYHIGHPRICETOEARNINGRATIOVARIANCEOFDIVIDENDYIELDSTENDSTOINCREASERELATIVETOTHEVARIANCEOFEARNINGSYIELD,WIT
11、HARAPIDDIVIDENDADJUSTMENTATHIGHERDIVIDENDPAYOUTRATIOSINTRODUCTIONCOMPAREDTOTHECAPITALIZATIONRATEOFREALESTATE,LITTLEISKNOWNABOUTTHEFORECASTSOFPRICETOEARNINGSRATIOSP/EOFREALESTATESTOCKSTHISISBECAUSECAPITALIZATIONRATESOFREALESTATEAREFUNDAMENTALLYDIFFERENTFROMREALESTATESTOCKSP/ERATIOSREALESTATERENTSARED
12、ETERMINEDINSPACEMARKETWHEREASEARNINGSREFLECTTHEPERFORMANCEOFACOMPANYTHEREARESEVERALREASONSWHYREALESTATERETURNSHAVEASIGNIFICANTIMPACTONTHEPERFORMANCEOFPROPERTYCOMPANIESMOSTDEVELOPERSHAVESIGNIFICANTAMOUNTSOFREALESTATELOANSREALESTATERETURNSSHOULDLOGICALLYHAVEASIGNIFICANTIMPACTONTHEIRPROFITABILITYAWEAKR
13、EALESTATEMARKETWILLEVENTUALLYLEADTOAREDUCEDCASHFLOWFORTHEPROPERTYCOMPANYTSEANDWEBB2000HAVESHOWNTHATREALESTATESTOCKS,WITHALARGERPORTIONOFTHEIRASSETSINVESTEDINRESIDENTIALPROPERTY,AREMOSTSENSITIVETOCHANGESINRESIDENTIALPROPERTYPRICESWHILEAGOODPROSPECTOFREALESTATEMARKETSJUSTIFIESAHIGHERP/ERATIO,CONCERNHA
14、SARISENTHATTHEREALESTATESTOCKPRICESMAYBEHEADEDFORADOWNTURNBECAUSEFIRMSSHAREPRICESHAVEBECOMEVERYHIGHRELATIVETOTHEIREARNINGSWHENTHEREALESTATEMARKETWASBOOMINGALTERNATIVELY,ITHASBEENARGUEDTHATHIGHPRICEEARNINGSRATIOSHAVEUSUALLYBEENFOLLOWEDBYSLOWGROWTHINSTOCKPRICESCAMPBELLANDSHILLER1998FOUNDTHATPRICETOEAR
15、NINGSRATIOWASNEGATIVELY5CORRELATEDWITHSUBSEQUENTSTOCKPRICEGROWTHBUTUNCORRELATEDWITHSUBSEQUENTEARNINGSGROWTHFURTHERMORE,AHIGHP/ERATIOMEANSTHEEARNINGSYIELDISLOW,THUSINDICATINGTHATSTOCKSAREEXPENSIVERELATIVETOALTERNATIVEINVESTMENTSSTOCKMARKETINVESTORSAREINTERESTEDINTHEFORECASTINGPOWEROFVARIABLESLIKEDIVI
16、DENDYIELDSANDPASTRETURNSASTOOLSINMARKETTIMINGINHIGHLYVOLATILESTOCKMARKETSFAMAANDFRENCH1998NOTETHATTHEGROWTHSTYLEISASSOCIATEDWITHSTOCKSWITHRELATIVELYHIGHP/ERATIOS,HIGHPROFITABILITYANDCONSISTENTGROWTHHOWEVER,REALESTATESTOCKSAREDIFFERENTIATEDFROMCOMMONSTOCKSWITHRESPECTTOTHEHETEROGENEOUSNATUREOFREALESTA
17、TEANDINHERENTVOLATILITYOFREALESTATEMARKETSAMAJORPROBLEMINMICROECONOMETRICANALYSISOFREALESTATEDEMANDINVOLVESTHECAPITALMARKETCONSTRAINTSTHATRESTRICTTHEIRABILITIESTOBORROWAGAINSTTHEIRENTIRESTREAMOFFUTUREINCOMEMOREOVER,THEHIGHTRANSACTIONCOSTSOFREALESTATETENDTOIMPEDEADJUSTMENTSTOCHANGEDPRICESANDINCOMESIN
18、THE1980S,THEREALESTATELITERATUREBEGANTOPAYATTENTIONTOTHECHOICEBETWEENREALESTATEANDREALESTATESTOCKSUNLIKETHECOMMONSTOCKS,VARIOUSCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEREALESTATEMARKETCOMPLICATETHETRANSACTIONPROCESSAMONGTHESECHARACTERISTICSARE1LOCATIONALDIFFERENCESOFREALESTATE2HETEROGENEITYOFREALESTATE3INFREQUENTTRANSAC
19、TIONSAMONGSELLERSANDBUYERSAND4COMPLEXITYARISINGFROMTHEFINANCIALANDLEGALDIMENSIONSOFTHETRANSACTIONSUNLIKETHEREALESTATEMARKET,STOCKSTRADEINCONTINUOUSAUCTIONMARKETSWITHLOWTRANSACTIONCOSTS,LARGEVOLUME,ANDLARGEPOOLSOFINFORMEDBUYERSANDSELLERSINSHORTRUNEQUILIBRIUM,THEREISSOMEDISTRIBUTIONOFMARKETPRICESFORID
20、ENTICALPROPERTIESQUANANDQUIGLEY,1991INTHEREALESTATEMARKET,THEINTERACTIONOFAGENTSISMORECOMPLEXTHANINTHESTOCKMARKETMANTRALAANDZABEL,1995FORINSTANCE,VACANTREALESTATEISMOREILLIQUIDTHANOCCUPIEDREALESTATEZUEHLKE,1987PREVIOUSRESEARCHHASTENDEDTOFOCUSONEITHERHOWSTOCKRETURNSCANBEPREDICTEDBYP/ERATIOSFAMAANDFRE
21、NCH,1988BFAMAANDFRENCH,1998FERSONANDHARVEY,1997ANDROUWENHORST,1999ORHOWSTOCKANDREALESTATEMARKETSARERELATEDTOEACHOTHERHE,MYERANDWEBB,1996EICHHOLTZANDHARTZELL,1996QUANANDTITMAN,1999ANDTSEANDWEBB,2000EARLIERLITERATURESUCHASOWENANDGRUNDFEST,1977SHOWSTHATTHEREISANANALOGYBETWEENTHEREALESTATEMARKETANDTHEST
22、OCKEXCHANGEWHILEIMPORTANTDIFFERENCESEXISTINTHESEMARKETS,BOTHARESUBJECTTOSIMILARCOMPETITIVEPRESSURESINPARTICULAR,ROSSANDZISLER1991SHOWTHATREALESTATERETURNSAREROUGHLYCOMPARABLETOSTOCKSTHISSTUDYDEVELOPSANEXTENSIONOFTHEDIVIDENDADJUSTMENTMODELBASEDONLINTNER1956THEOBJECTIVEISTOINVESTIGATETHEABILITYOFDIVID
23、ENDYIELDSANDPAST6RETURNSTOPREDICTFUTUREP/ERATIOSOFREALESTATESTOCKSATTHEFIRMLEVELAFTERCONTROLLINGFORERRORCORRECTIONSTHERESULTSINDICATETHATBOTHDIVIDENDYIELDSANDPASTRETURNSHAVEPREDICTIVEPOWERFORP/ERATIOSHENCETHEYCANBEUSEDASTOOLSINFORMINGAMARKETTIMINGANDASSETALLOCATIONSTRATEGYINSTOCKMARKETSAPARTICULARCO
24、NTRIBUTIONOFTHISSTUDYISTHATFORTHEFIRSTTIMEITISFOUNDTHATCHANGESINREALESTATERETURNS,REFLECTEDINCHANGESOFPROPERTYVALUEANDDIVIDENDYIELDS,CANGREATLYAFFECTTHEP/ERATIOSTHEIMPACTOFTHEPRICEGROWTHONTHEP/ERATIOSBETWEENDIFFERENTREALESTATESTOCKSISALSOCOMPAREDCONCLUSIONTHISARTICLEPRESENTSAMETHODOLOGYFORINVESTIGAT
25、INGTHEBEHAVIORSOFP/ERATIOONREALESTATESTOCKSTHERESULTSHAVEIMPORTANTIMPLICATIONSWITHRESPECTTOTHEPREDICTABILITYOFP/ERATIOSHOWEVER,THISSTUDYFOCUSESONREALESTATESTOCKSATTHEFIRMLEVELINHONGKONGAGOODDEALOFSTOCKMARKETVOLATILITYCANBEATTRIBUTEDTOTHEREALESTATEMARKETTSE,2001FOREXAMPLE,DUETOTHEFINANCIALTURMOILINOC
26、TOBER1997,THEPROPERTIESSTOCKINDEXPERFORMEDPOORLYDURINGTHISPERIODTHEPROPERTYSTOCKP/ERATIODECREASEDFROM157INJULY1997TOLESSTHAN50INJULY1998,DOWNBYNEARLY70,WHICHISTHELOWESTAMONGALLTHEHONGKONGSTOCKSUBINDICESREALESTATESTOCKSARE,HOWEVER,DIFFERENTIATEDFROMCOMMONSTOCKSWITHRESPECTTOTHEHETEROGENEOUSNATUREOFREA
27、LESTATEANDTHEINHERENTVOLATILITYOFREALESTATEMARKETSTHISSTUDYSHOWSTHATANINCREASEINAP/ERATIOCOULDOCCURINTWOWAYSTHROUGHFASTERGROWTHINSTOCKPRICESORSLOWERGROWTHINDIVIDENDYIELDSTHEIMPLICATIONISTHATTHEREISSOMEPREDICTABILITYOFTHEP/ERATIODUETOTHEMEANREVERSIONOFDIVIDENDYIELDSALOWDIVIDENDYIELDAPPEARSTOBEASSOCIA
28、TEDWITHARELATIVELYHIGHP/E,SINCEALOWERDIVIDENDYIELDMAYINDICATETHATDIVIDENDSARERETAINEDFORINTERNALUSETHUS,LOWERDIVIDENDSAREPAIDTOAVOIDHIGHERFINANCINGCOSTSANDINCREASEFUTUREPROFITSCONSEQUENTLY,AHIGHERPROFITWILLLEADTOHIGHERSTOCKPRICESANDP/ERATIOTHESEFINDINGSARECONSISTENTWITHMYERSS1984PECKINGORDERANDSTAKE
29、HOLDERHYPOTHESESOFDIVIDENDBEHAVIORTHEREISALSOEVIDENCETHATP/ERATIOISHIGHWHENPRICEGROWTHRATEISHIGHTHISSTUDYINDICATESTHATAHIGHP/ERATIOSIGNALSFASTERGROWTHINSHORTTERMSTOCKPRICESTHERESULTSALSOINDICATETHATVARIANCEOFDIVIDENDYIELDSTENDSTOINCREASERELATIVETOTHEVARIANCEOFEARNINGYIELD,WITHARAPIDDIVIDENDADJUSTMENTANDHIGHERDIVIDENDPAYOUTRATIOTHEEXTENTTOWHICHTHISMODELCANBEAPPLIEDTODIFFERENTTYPESOFSTOCKSMUSTNEVERTHELESSAWAITFURTHERRESEARCHADDITIONALRESEARCHINTHISAREACOULDEXTENDTHE7RESULTSTOMEASURETHEIMPACTOFTHEDIFFERENCESONPRICINGORTRADINGCUSTOMS
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