生物专业英语复习资料.DOC

1、生物专业英语复习资料一、将下列英文术语或缩写译为合乎学术规范的中文术语 1、Odorant receptor气味受体2、Differentially expressed gene 略3、MOE 略 4、VNO4犁鼻器5、Social behavior社会行为6、Monogamy一夫一妻制7、Vasopressin 略8、Oxytocin催产素。9、Kin recognition亲属识别。 10、Autism自闭症/孤独症。11、NIH 略12、HHMI 略13、Nanotechnology纳米技术14、Renewable energy可再生能源（量）15、Biomechanical energ

2、y生物机械能16、Nanogenerator纳米发电机17、Systems biology系统生物学。18、DNA sequencerDNA测序仪答为“DNA 测序（器、机）、DNA 序列仪（器）19、Neurodegenerative diseases神经退行性病20、Amygdala 杏仁核2、将英语短文译为中文（每小题 11分，共 22分）1. Kin Recognition Many organisms, from sea squirts to primates, can identify their relatives. Understanding how and why they

3、do so has prompted new thinking about the evolution of social behavior by David W. Pfennig and Paul W. Sherman Kinship is a basic organizing principle of all societies. Humans possess elaborate means by which to identify relatives, such as using surnames and maintaining detailed genealogies.Mechanis

4、ms for distinguishing kin also occur throughout the plant and animal kingdoms regardless of an organisms social or mental complexity, in creatures as diverse as wildflowers and wasps. Scientists are beginning to discover that an understanding of the origin and mechanisms of kin recognition offers fr

5、esh insights into such diverse topics as how living things choose their mates, how they learn and how their immune system works.BELDINGS GROUND SQUIRRELS live in groups in which mothers, daughters and sisters cooperate extensively. By using odors, the squirrels can distinguish familiar nestmates, wh

6、o are close kin, from nonnestmates. They can also discriminate between full sisters and half sisters.答：亲属识别许多生物，从海鞘以灵长类动物，可以识别其亲属。了解它们如何以及为什么这样做，已促进对社会行为进化的新的思考。David W. Pfennig 和 Paul W. Sherman（姓名可不译）亲属关系是所有社会的一种基本组织准则。人类拥有精致的手段，例如使用姓氏和保存详细的族谱以查验亲属。无论生物之社会或心理的复杂性，辨别亲属的机制也遍及植物和动物界，其在生物界多样性就如同植物之野花和

7、动物之黄蜂一样多。科学家开始发现，对亲属识别的起源和机制的理解，提供了对如此多样课题的新颖见解（透视），例如生物如何选择其配偶，他们如何学习以及其免疫系统如何工作。拜氏（贝尔丁）地松鼠营群体生活，在其社群生活中母亲、女儿和姐妹广泛合作。通过利用气味，这种松鼠能够辨别熟悉的巢伴、亲属和非巢伴。它们还可以区分全姐妹和半姐妹。2. Self-Powered Nanotech Nanosize machines need still tinier power plantsBy Zhong Lin WangThe watchmaker in the 1920s who devised the self-

8、winding wristwatch was on to a great idea: mechanically harvesting energy from the wearers moving arm and putting it to work rewinding the watch spring.Today we are beginning to create extremely small energy harvesters that can supply electrical power to the tiny world of nanoscale devices, where th

9、ings are measured in billionths of a meter. We call these power plants nanogenerators. The ability to make power on a minuscule scale allows us to think of implantable biosensors that can continuously monitor a patients blood glucose level, or autonomous strain sensors for structures such as bridges

10、, or environmental sensors for detecting toxins all running without the need for replacement batteries. Energy sources are desperately needed for nanorobotics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), homeland security and even portable personal electronics. It is hard to imagine all the uses such inf

11、initesimal generators may eventually find.In BriefNanotechnology has huge potential but those minuscule devices will need a power source that is better than a battery. Waste energy, in the form of vibrations or even the human pulse, could provide sufficient power to run such tiny gadgets. Arrays of

12、piezoelectric nanowires could capture and transmit that waste energy to nanodevices. Medical devices will likely be a major application. A pacemakers battery could be charged so it would not need replacing, or implanted wireless nanosensors could monitor blood glucose for diabetics.略三、看图作答（共 18分）1.

13、Label each of the following structures on the diagram of the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) in rodent nasal cavity with 9 terms shown below: Cilia, ORNs (Olfactory receptor neurons), Dendrite, Dendritic knob, Nasal mucus, Axon, supporting cell, basal cell, Cell body.（9 分）用所给的斜体 9个英文短语在下图上相应位置上标出哺乳动物 MOE的细胞结构名称