海宁市皮革产品出口竞争力研究【任务书+开题报告+文献综述+外文翻译+毕业论文】.Doc

1、本科毕业论文（设计）论文题目海宁市皮革产品出口竞争力研究所在学院专业班级国际经济与贸易学生姓名学号指导教师职称完成日期年月日毕业论文独创性声明本人郑重声明所提交的毕业论文是本人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。除文中特别加以标注的地方外，论文中不包含他人已经发表的学术成果或者他人为获得高等院校学位而使用过的材料，论文中不涉及任何知识产权纠纷。否则，本人将承担一切责任。学生签名_日期_I摘要中国加入世贸组织后，由于对外经营环境的进一步改善，出口贸易发展更加迅速。其中，皮革业以强大的竞争优势在各个行业中脱颖而出。在全国各个皮革城市中，以浙江省海宁市的皮革产业的发展最为迅猛和稳定。海

2、宁皮革企业以庞大的皮革外向型产业集群，在国内市场和国际市场激烈的竞争中稳超胜券。但近年来世界经济和贸易增长缓慢，各国贸易保护增强，使海宁皮革产品出口面临巨大挑战，整体竞争力有所下降。本文运用了显示性比较优势指数、贸易竞争力指数和国际市场占有率三个竞争力指标对海宁市皮革产品的出口竞争力进行测评。测评的结果显示，海宁市皮革产品出口的显示性比较优势指数和国际市场占有率较大，都呈现逐年上升的趋势。但贸易竞争力指数却在近十年中呈现出下降的趋势。究其原因，海宁市皮革产品生产的同质化现象严重，企业多为贴牌生产，导致该市皮革企业生产的产品无法满足市场需求，贸易竞争力指数下降。针对海宁市皮革产品出口竞争力存在的

3、问题，本文从企业和政府两个角度进行分析，提出提升海宁市皮革产品出口竞争力的对策。关键词皮革产品；出口竞争力；测评方法；对策IIABSTRACTWITHCHINASENTRYINTOTHEWTO,ITSEXPORTTRADEMAKESDEVELOPMENTMOREQUICKLYASTHEEXTERNALBUSINESSENVIRONMENTFURTHERIMPROVEDAMONGTHEM,THELEATHERINDUSTRYWITHSTRONGCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGEINEACHINDUSTRYSTANDSOUTINTHECOUNTRY,HAININGLEATHERINDUSTR

4、YISINTHEMOSTRAPIDANDSTABLEDEVELOPMENTHAININGLEATHERENTERPRISESSTANDINTHEFIRSTCLASSWITHHUGELEATHERFOREIGNORIENTEDCLUSTERSINTHEFIERCEDOMESTICANDINTERNATIONALMARKETBUTINRECENTYEARS,THEWORLDECONOMYANDTRADEGROWSLOWLYANDCOUNTRIESTRADEPROTECTIONSTRENGTHEN,HAININGLEATHERPRODUCTSEXPORTFACESHUGECHALLENGES,AND

5、THEOVERALLCOMPETITIVENESSFALLSTHISPAPERUSEDREVEALEDCOMPARATIVEADVANTAGEINDEX,TRADECOMPETITIVENESSINDEXANDINTERNATIONALMARKETSHARETOASSESSTHEEXPORTCOMPETITIVENESSOFHAININGLEATHERPRODUCTTHERESULTOFASSESSMENTSHOWS,THEREVEALEDCOMPARATIVEADVANTAGEINDEXANDINTERNATIONALMARKETSHAREHAVEAGRADUALLYRISINGTRENDB

6、UTTHETRADECOMPETITIVENESSINDEXINRECENT10YEARSONADOWNWARDTRENDFORTHEREASONS,HAININGLEATHERPRODUCTSHAVEASERIOUSPHENOMENONOFPRODUCTIONHOMOGENEITYANDTHEMAJOROFENTERPRISESMAKEOEMPRODUCTIONANDTHEN,IMPORTOFHIGHGRADELEATHERPRODUCTINCREASEDYEARBYYEARFINALLY,THECOMPETITIVENESSOFHAININGLEATHERPRODUCTDROPPEDACC

7、ORDINGTOTHEEXISTINGPROBLEMSOFHAININGLEATHERPRODUCT,THISPAPERPUTFORWARDCOUNTERMEASURESIMPROVINGEXPORTCOMPETITIVENESSOFHAININGLEATHERPRODUCTSFROMTHEVIEWSOFENTERPRISEANDGOVERNMENTKEYWORDSLEATHERPRODUCTS；EXPORTCOMPETITIVENESS；COMPETITIVENESSINDEX；METHODSOFASSESSMENT；COUNTERMEASUREIII目录1皮革产品出口竞争力的理论基础111

8、皮革以及皮革产品的定义112产品出口竞争力的概念及影响因素2121产品出口竞争力的概念2122产品出口竞争力的影响因素213产品出口竞争力的测评理论基础3131显示性比较优势指数理论4132贸易竞争力指数理论4133国际市场占有率理论52海宁市皮革产品出口的现状概述621近年来海宁市皮革产品的出口现状622海宁市皮革产品出口的特点8221皮革产品出口量大8222出口皮革产品价格优廉8223与发展中国家相比具有相当的竞争优势823海宁市皮革产品出口的优势9231拥有资源丰富的原料场地9232廉价劳动力丰富9233皮革产业集群不断壮大9234以特色皮革区域建设带动产品出口10235政府政策支持、改

9、革推动皮革业103海宁市皮革产品出口竞争力的测评1131海宁市皮革产品的出口竞争力测评11311显示性比较优势指数11312贸易竞争力指数12313国际市场占有率1332海宁市皮革产品出口竞争力的测评结果144海宁市皮革产品出口竞争力问题及原因分析1641皮革产品附加值低1642创新体系薄弱1643品牌意识薄弱1644环保和技术贸易壁垒双重挤压175以海宁市德诺皮具有限公司为案例分析18IV51公司概况1852德诺公司皮革产品出口现状1853德诺皮具公司现行策略1954案例分析小结1955促进海宁皮革产品出口的启示206提升海宁市皮革产品出口竞争力的对策2161政府方面21611完善和加强立法

10、、改善国内市场竞争环境21612运用政治手段为企业营造公平公正的国际贸易环境2162企业方面21621实现产品优化升级21622提高产品技术含量以增加附加值22623以市场为导向、创造自有品牌22624制定环保标准、实施清洁生产23625增强开放意识、不断开拓国际市场23结论24参考文献25致谢271随着中国经济的开放程度不断加深和国际贸易环境的改善，中国皮革业和皮革产品的对外贸易发展迅速，皮革产品外贸进出口额大幅度增加。在中国这个“皮革大国”中，浙江省海宁市的皮革业发展最为强大和稳定。海宁市皮革产品以其特有的竞争优势屹立于竞争激烈的国际贸易环境中。海宁市皮革产品的出口在全国各个省市中已名列前

11、茅，对国民经济的发展作出了重大贡献。与此同时，我们必须理性地认识到，海宁市皮革产业和皮革产品的平稳发展的背后，还隐藏了许多问题和隐患，海宁市皮革产品的出口竞争力正在逐渐被削弱。目前，海宁市皮革产业依然没有摆脱主要靠廉价劳动力、资源消耗的粗放型增长模式。海宁市皮革产业缺乏自有知名品牌，大多数企业没有根据自己的产品战略，形成差异化的产品特色，相同产品线上的产品基本都是同质化的，产品附加值低，产品的出口竞争力差。同时，在皮革产品制作生产的各个环节，环境污染严重，原料利用率低，以致在对外出口时遭到了环保和技术贸易壁垒的双重挤压。在“技术”、“创新”、“绿色”、“多样”的生产理念基础上研究提高海宁市皮革

12、产品出口竞争力的对策具有一定的理论基础及实现意义。1皮革产品出口竞争力的理论基础11皮革以及皮革产品的定义皮革是经脱毛和鞣质等物理、化学加工所得到的已经变性不易腐烂的动物皮。革是由天然蛋白质纤维在三维空间紧密编织构成的，其表面有一种特殊的粒面层，具有自然的粒纹和光泽，手感舒适。制革原料，由最普遍的牛、羊、猪以至蛇虫鱼鸟，制成实用的原料或装饰品。皮革本身的特性与其取自的动物有莫大的关联。动物的品种、年龄、性别、饲养环境、气候、屠宰剥制的方式等都会影响生皮的质量，进而影响制成革。1产品是指能够提供给市场，被人们使用和消费，并能满足人们某种需求的任何东西，包括有形的物品、无形的服务、组织、观念或它们

13、的组合。综合上述两个定义可以得出，皮革产品是指经脱毛和鞣质等物理、化学加工所得到的已经变性不易腐烂的动物皮，经过专业的设计、加工制作等生产程序形成的能够提供给市场，能满足人们消费和使用需求的有形物品。1资料来源金浩皮革工艺与应用M上海华东理工大学出版社2009212产品出口竞争力的概念及影响因素121产品出口竞争力的概念出口竞争力这一概念最初源于国际竞争力的概念，是被用来说明支撑外贸出口增长能力的。UNCTAD认为产品出口竞争力的含义是“出口商品结构多样化、随着时间的推移保持较高的出口增长率、提高出口商品的技术和技能含量、扩大国内厂商参与全球竞争的基础”。FLEMINGINTERNATIONA

14、LTRADEEXPORTSCOMPETITIVENESSINTRODUCTIONININDIATHELEATHERINDUSTRYHASBEENIDENTIFIEDASATHRUSTSECTORINVIEWOFITSPOTENTIALFORCREATINGHUGEEMPLOYMENTOPPORTUNITIESANDEXPORTSTHISINDUSTRYEMPLOYS25MILLIONPERSONSANDTHECURRENTEXPORTEARNINGSFROMTHISSECTORISABOUTUS27BNWITHAGROWTHOFAROUND8PERCENT,ANDTHEEXPORTSFROMI

15、NDIASLEATHERSECTORARELIKELYTOREACHUS7BNBY201011LEATHERTRADEHASBECOMEINCREASINGLYGLOBAL,ANDTHEINDIANLEATHERINDUSTRYISANIMPORTANTPLAYERINTHEGLOBALSCENARIOLEATHERPROCESSINGHASBROUGHTABOUTAREVOLUTIONINFASHIONWEAR,STARTINGFROMFOOTWEARTODAYLEATHERISUSEDTOMAKEALLKINDSOFBAGS,SUCHASLADIESHANDBAGS,LEATHERBACK

16、PACKS,LEATHERBRIEFCASES,BUSINESSBAGS,CAMERABAGS,COMPUTERBAGS,CD/DVDHOLDERS,LEATHERCOOLERS,GARMENTBAGS,SPORTSBAGS,SADDLEBAGS,SLINGBAGS,BELTBAGS,BEANBAGS,TOOLBAGS,WINEBAGS,PROMOTIONALBAGS,TOTEBAGS,TRAVELBAGS,COSMETICBAGS,ANDLEATHERTRAVELKITSLEATHERCASESSUCHASPHONECASES,KEYCASES,PENCASES,SPECSCASES,CAR

17、DCASES,JEWELRYCASES,ANDPASSPORTTRAVELCASELEATHERPURSESSUCHASLEATHER56BACKPACKPURSES,LEATHERBELTBAGS,ANDLEATHERCOINPURSEGLOVES,TRUNKS,SPORTSANDINDUSTRIALPRODUCTS,ANDLEATHERGARMENTSANEXIMBANKSLATESTSTUDY,TITLED“INDIANLEATHERINDUSTRYPERSPECTIVEANDEXPORTPOTENTIAL”,HIGHLIGHTESTHECAPABILITYOFTHECOUNTRYTOI

18、NCREASEITSSHAREINTHEGLOBALLEATHERTRADEINVIEWOFITSRICHRESOURCEBASEOFRAWHIDESANDSKINS,ANDHUMANCAPITALOBJECTIVESOFTHESTUDYTHEMAINOBJECTIVESOFTHESTUDYARETOTRACEOUTTHEMAJOREXPORTDESTINATIONSOFLEATHEREXPORTTOSTUDYTHEPERFORMANCEOFLEATHERINDUSTRYANDTHEIMPORTANCEOFSELECTREGIONSINSELECTIONOFEXPORTCOUNTRIESTOF

19、INDOUTTHEFUTUREGROWTHPOTENTIALANDCHALLENGESTOANALYZETHEPOLICYREGARDINGLEATHERINDUSTRYANDSUGGESTIONSTOINCREASEEXPORTSRESEARCHMETHODOLOGYTHEPOPULATIONFORTHESTUDYCONSISTEDOFLEATHERFOOTWEAREXPORTCOMPANIESLOCATEDINAGRAANDKANPURTHETOTALSAMPLESIZEWAS60THERESPONDENTCOMPANIESWERESELECTEDUSINGNONPROBABILITYSA

20、MPLINGTECHNIQUESOFCONVENIENCESAMPLINGTHESOURCESOFDATAAREBOTHPRIMARYANDSECONDARYTHEPRIMARYSOURCEINCLUDESTHETOPMANAGEMENTOFTHECOMPANIESANDSECONDARYSOURCEINCLUDESREPORTS,RESEARCHJOURNALS,MAGAZINES,NEWSPAPERS,ANDWEBSITESTHEDATACOLLECTEDTHROUGHTHEQUESTIONNAIREFROMTHERESPONDENTCOMPANIESWASCODEDANDANALYZED

21、FORTHEINTERPRETATIONFORDATAANALYSIS,MEANSCORESWERECALCULATEDBYASSIGNINGWEIGHTSOF3,2,AND1TOVERYIMPORTANT,IMPORTANTANDNOTIMPORTANT,INTHATORDERPRODUCTIONCAPACITYASFARASPRODUCTIONCAPACITIESARECONCERNED,THECOUNTRYHASLARGECAPACITIESOFPRODUCTIONINTERMSOFTHEFOLLOWINGITEMSINTABLE1TABLE1PRODUCTIONCAPACITY57IT

22、EMSPRODUCTIONCAPACITIESHIDES65MILLIONPIECESSKINS170MILLIONPIECESLEATHERFOOTWEAR909MILLIONPAIRSLEATHERSHOEUPPERS100MILLIONPAIRSNONLEATHERFOOTWEAR1056MILLIONPAIRSLEATHERGARMENTS16MILLIONPIECESINDUSTRIALGLOVES52MILLIONPAIRSSADDLERY010MILLIONPIECESSOURCEWWWLEATHERINDIAORG/IND_AT_GLANCE_ASPPRODUCTIONCLUS

23、TERSINTHEINDIANLEATHERINDUSTRYTHEMAJORPRODUCTIONCENTERSOFLEATHERANDLEATHERPRODUCTSININDIAARELOCATEDINTAMILNADUCHENNAI,AMBUR,RANIPET,VANIYAMBADI,TRICHYANDDANDIGULANDHRAPRADESHHYDERABADKARNATAKABANGALOREPUNJABJALLANDHARDELHIWESTBENGALKOLKATAUTTARPRADESHKANPUR,AGRA,ANDNOIDAANDINMAHARASHTRAMUMBAITAMILNA

24、DUISTHEBIGGESTLEATHEREXPORTERINTHECOUNTRYACCOUNTINGFOR43PERCENTOFTHECOUNTRYSSHARETHELARGERPARTNEARLY6065PERCENTOFTHEPRODUCTIONISDONEBYTHESMALLSCALEANDCOTTAGESECTORINDIASEXPORTPERFORMANCEINDIAWASEXPORTINGHIDESANDSKINSUPTOTHEFIRSTFIVEYEARPLANWITHTECHNOLOGICALIMPROVEMENTS,THECOMPOSITIONOFINDIANLEATHERE

25、XPORTSCHANGEDFROMRAWHIDESANDSKINSTOSEMIMANUFACTUREDANDMANUFACTUREDITEMSTHESEITEMSBECAMEPROMINENTFOREIGNEXCHANGEEARNERSINTHE1970SINDIA,BEINGONEOFTHEMAJOREXPORTERSOFTHELEATHERPRODUCTS,REALIZEDTHEPOTENTIALANDINCREASEDHEREXPORTEARNINGSBYEXPORTINGLEATHERGOODS,FOOTWEARS,LEATHERGARMENTS,ANDFASHIONITEMSDURI

26、NGRECENTYEARSTHEVALUEOFLEATHEREXPORTSWASUS784MNIN195051HOWEVER,EXPORTS58INCREASEDSIGNIFICANTLYINTHE1970SINDIAEXPORTEDLEATHERPRODUCTSWORTHUS5105MNIN197576,WHICHINCREASEDTOUS7389MNIN198081ANDTOUS14823MNIN198586WITHTHESUCCESSACHIEVEDINTHEAREAOFPRODUCTDIVERSIFICATION,THEIRCONTRIBUTIONTOFOREIGNEXCHANGEMA

27、INTAINEDITSPACEDURINGTHE1990SALSOEXPORTSGREWFROMUS58218MNIN199091TOUS176299MNIN199596ANDFURTHERINCREASEDTOUS269459MNINAPRILMARCH200506LEATHERINDUSTRYCANBECATEGORIZEDINTODIFFERENTSUBSECTORS,SUCHASTANNINGANDFINISHEDLEATHER,LEATHERFOOTWEAR,COMPONENTS,LEATHERGARMENTS,ANDLEATHERGOODSFINISHEDLEATHEREXPORT

28、INDIASEXPORTSOFFINISHEDLEATHERWASUS577MNIN2004US55571MNIN2003,US50883MNIN2002US45925MNIN2001ANDUS38149MNIN2000INDIANOWHOLDSASHAREOF326PERCENTINTHEGLOBALFINISHEDLEATHERIMPORTSTHEMAJORIMPORTERSARECHINA,HONGKONG,HOLEY,THEUS,MEXICO,ROMANIA,SPAIN,ANDGERMANYTHESEEIGHTCOUNTRIESTOGETHERACCOUNTFOR66PERCENTOF

29、THEGLOBALFINISHEDLEATHERIMPORTSINDIASLEATHEREXPORTSLEATHERINDUSTRYISONEOFTHETOP10EXPORTEARNERSOFTHECOUNTRYTHISSECTORCONSTITUTESABOUT4PERCENTOFINDIASTOTALEXPORTSTHEKEYMARKETSFORLEATHERPRODUCTSEXPORTEDFROMINDIAAREGERMANY,THEUK,THEUS,ANDITALY,WHICHTOGETHERCONSTITUTE49PERCENTOFINDIASEXPORTSINTERMSOFPROD

30、UCTCATEGORY,LEATHERFOOTWEAR,FINISHEDLEATHER,ANDLEATHERGOODSACCOUNTFOROVER75PERCENTOFEXPORTSDATAANALYSISANDFINDINGSTHELEATHEREXPORTERSWEREENQUIREDABOUTTHEREASONSWHICHINFLUENCETHEIRCHOICEOFEXPORTCOUNTRIES,SOURCESFORKNOWINGCUSTOMERSLIKESANDDISLIKES,THEIMPORTANCEOFLEATHEREXPORTS,ANDTHEREQUIREMENTOFPOLIC

31、YCHANGESFORINCREASINGCOMPETITIVENESSTHEFINDINGSANDTHEANALYSISOFTHESAMEAREFURNISHEDBELOWREASONSBEHINDTHECHOICEOFEXPORTCOUNTRIES59FORLEATHEREXPORT,THERESPONDENTCOMPANIESWEREASKEDTORATETHEIMPORTANCEOFTHEFOLLOWINGREASONSEXISTENCEOFFAVORABLECONDITIONSFOREXPORTLIBERALLAWSFOREIGNCUSTOMERSATTITUDETOWARDSIND

32、IANLEATHERPRODUCTSMAJORINTERESTTHEGOVERNMENTHASSHOWNANDIMPORTINGCOUNTRIESINTERESTINDIASCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGESAVAILABILITYOFLOWCOSTSKILLEDLABORFORCEISONEOFTHEADVANTAGESOFTHISSECTORININDIATHISSECTORININDIAHASAMONGTHELOWESTCOSTOFLABORAMONGTHEFOOTWEARPRODUCINGCOUNTRIESONTHEOTHERHAND,INDIAALSOHASTHEWORLDS

33、LARGESTTECHNICALLYTRAINEDMANPOWERINLEATHERCRAFTTHETWINADVANTAGESOFLOWCOSTANDTECHNICALLYSKILLEDMANPOWEROFFERINDIAADISTINCTCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGEINTHISINDUSTRYINDIAHASTHELARGESTLIVESTOCKPOPULATION,ACCOUNTINGFORABOUT21PERCENTOFTHEWORLDSPOPULATION,CATTLE,BUFFALOES,GOAT,ANDSHEEPINDIAHASSTRONGSUPPORTINTHEAR

34、EAOFDESIGNSDEVELOPMENT,THANKSTOTHEJOINTEFFORTSOFCOUNCILFORLEATHEREXPORTSANDTHENATIONALINSTITUTEOFFASHIONTECHNOLOGYNIFTTHECENTRALLEATHERRESEARCHINSTITUTEOFINDIAISTHEWORLDSLARGESTLEATHERRESEARCHLABORATORYPLAYINGANIMPORTANTROLEINEDUCATION,RESEARCH,TRAINING,DESIGNING,FORECASTING,PLANNING,ANDSOCIALEMPOWE

35、RMENTANDLEADINGINSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYRELATINGTOLEATHERALARGEANDGROWINGCONSUMINGCLASSCONSTITUTESTHELARGESTSEGMENTOFTHEPOPULATIONININDIAWITHANESTIMATED90MILLIONHOUSEHOLDSTHISREPRESENTSALARGEMARKETFORLEATHERGOODSGOVERNMENTREGULATIONSANDSUPPORTINITIATIVESHAVECREATEDAGOODENVIRONMENTTOMAKETHISINDUSTRYMORE

36、COMPETITIVE,THEREBYREDUCINGPRICESTHELIBERALLICENSINGPOLICYOFTHEINDIANGOVERNMENTISALSOANADVANTAGEDISADVANTAGES60THOUGHTHELEATHERPRODUCEDININDIAISOFEXCELLENTQUALITY,THEINDUSTRYISINCAPABLEOFINCREASINGITSCAPACITYDUETOINFRASTRUCTUREPROBLEMSTHOUGHINDIABOASTSOFTHELARGESTLIVESTOCKPOPULATIONINTHEWORLD,ITSTIL

37、LIMPORTSRAWHIDESANDSKINSANDALSOFINISHEDLEATHERBECAUSEOFPOORQUALITY,HIGHLOCALCOSTSANDINADEQUATEAVAILABILITYANIMALSSLAUGHTEREDININDIA,BYANDLARGE,AREOLDANDSICKUNLIKEINOTHERCOUNTRIESWHERETHEYAREREAREDFORMEATANDSLAUGHTEREDWHENTHEYAREHEALTHYANDYOUNG,YIELDINGGOODQUALITYLEATHERRECOVERYOFHIDESANDSKINSFROMTHE

38、FALLENCARCASSISVERYLOWDUETOTHEABSENCEOFINSTITUTIONALMECHANISMSINDIANEXPORTERSNOWIMPORTLARGEQUANTITIESOFCOMPONENTSSUCHASSOLES,FROMCHINAMOSTOFTHEINDIANPORTSARENOTVISITEDBYMAINLINEVESSELSASARESULT,MOSTOFTHEEXPORTGOODSARETRANSSHIPPEDBYATLEASTTWOPORTSBEFORETHEYREACHTHEIRDESTINATIONTHISINCREASESCOSTANDDEL

39、IVERYTIMETHECUSTOMFORMALITIESANDDELAYSATPORTSHAMPERTHEEXPORTSANDFORCEEXPORTERSTOSENDTHEIRGOODSBYAIRORBYINCURRINGADDITIONALCOSTSIMILARLY,THEREAREALSODELAYSINRUNNINGCONTAINERTRAINSDUETOTHELACKOFINDIANBRANDS,THEEXPORTERSARENOTABLETODOMINATETHEGLOBALLEATHERMARKETGOVERNMENTREGULATIONANDSUPPORTTHEGOVERNME

40、NTOFINDIAHASANNOUNCEDVARIOUSINITIATIVESTOMAKETHELEATHERINDUSTRYMORECOMPETITIVETHEKEYPOLICYINITIATIVESINCLUDEDELICENSINGOFINTEGRATEDTANNERIESTHATCONVERTRAWHIDESANDSKINSINTOFINISHEDLEATHERSEVERALLEATHERGOODSHAVEBEENDERESERVEDFROMTHESMALLSCALESECTORFREEIMPORTOFRAWHIDESANDSKINS,SEMIFINISHED,ANDFINISHEDL

41、EATHERTHEGOVERNMENTHASANNOUNCEDCERTAINCONCESSIONSONIMPORTEDSPECIFIEDMACHINERYANDCHEMICALSFORTHEPURPOSEOFIMPROVINGTHEQUALITYOFLEATHERPRODUCTSTHEGOVERNMENTHASWITHDRAWNDUTYONEXPORTOFRAWHIDESANDSKINS,61SEMIFINISHEDLEATHER,ANDLEATHERPRODUCTSTOMAKETHELEATHERINDUSTRYMORECOMPETITIVEINJUNE2005,THEGOVERNMENTI

42、NTRODUCEDAMODERNIZATIONSCHEMEUNDERWHICHITINVESTEDUS64MNFORTHEMODERNIZATIONOFALLLEATHERTANNINGANDPRODUCTUNITSININDIATHISMODERNIZATIONSCHEMEISALSOCALLED“INTEGRATEDLEATHERDEVELOPMENTPROGRAM”,UNDERWHICHALLTHESSIUNITSAREELIGIBLEFORASSISTANCEUPTO30PERCENTOFTHETOTALPROJECTCOSTANDTHENONSSIUNITSFORUPTO20PERC

43、ENTOFTHETOTALPROJECTCOSTUNDERTHETENTHPLAN,THEGOVERNMENTHASALLOCATEDUS245MNFORTHESETTINGUPOFLEATHERPARKSINFIVEMAINLOCATIONSTWOINCHENNAI,ANDONEEACHINBANGALORE,KOLKATA,ANDAGRATHEMINISTRYOFCOMMERCEISALSOEXTENDINGSUPPORTINESTABLISHINGDESIGNCENTERSATINDIVIDUALMANUFACTURINGUNITSUNDERTHISPROVISIONASSISTANCE

44、WILLBEGIVENUPTO30PERCENTOFTHETOTALPROJECTCOSTTOALLTHEINTENDEDUNITSCONCLUSIONTHEMAJOREXPORTDESTINATIONSFORLEATHERCOMPANIESAREGERMANY,THEUK,THEUS,ITALY,HONGKONG,SPAIN,ANDFRANCEAMONGTHEREASONSWHICHINFULENCETHESELECTIONOFCOUNTRIES,THEREASONFAVORABLECONDITIONSTOEXPORTHASBEENRATEDASTHEMOSTIMPORTANTONEWITH

45、AMEANOF276,WITH83PERCENTOFTHERESPONDENTCOMPANIESRATINGTHISREASONASVERYIMPORTANTFOREIGNANDDOMESTICTRADEFAIRSEMERGEDASTHEMAINSOURCESFORKNOWINGTHELIKESANDDISLIKESOFTHECUSTOMERSOFTHEIMPORTINGCOUNTRIESFOREXPORTS,THEQUALITYOFLEATHERANDTECHNOLOGYPLAYAMAJORROLETHEGOVERNMENTHASTOSPRUCEUPITSACTONPOLICYANDREGU

46、LATORYISSUES,SUCHASINTERESTRATESANDTARIFFS,MANPOWERTRAINING,ANDTRANSPORTBARRIERSTOENSUREITSLEATHEREXPORTERSAREREADYTOFACEINTERNATIONALCOMPETITIONTHEGOVERNMENTALSOHASTOWORKMORECLOSELYWITHTHEINDUSTRYTOSOLVETHEPROBLEMSOFPOORINFRASTRUCTUREANDAHOSTOFOTHERREGULATIONSTHECOUNCILOFLEATHEREXPORT,WHICHSERVESAS

47、ABRIDGEBETWEENINDIANLEATHER62EXPORTERSANDBUYERSALLOVERTHEWORLD,SHOULDOPENMORETRAININGANDDESIGNCENTERSALLOVERINDIAWITHPRODUCTWISESPECIALIZEDCENTERSANDEMPHASIZEMOREONTECHNICALTRAININGFOROPERATORSANDSUPERVISORSALSO,THEINDUSTRYASSOCIATIONSANDTHEEXPORTPROMOTIONAGENCIESCONCERNEDSHOULDORGANIZEMOREBUYERSELL

48、ERMEETS,LEATHERTRADEFAIRS,ANDEXHIBITIONSININDIAANDABROADLEATHERENTERPRISEOUGHTTOFACETHEEXISTINGPROBLEMSATPRESENTINTHEINDUSTRYACTIVELYANDHAVETHECOURAGETOACCEPTCHALLENGESCARRYOUTINTERNALREFORMANDPRODUCTIONTECHNOLOGYINNOVATION,ANDSTRENGTHENDESIGNINNOVATIONABILITY,ENHANCETHEBRANDAWARENESS,SOUGHTGOVERNME

49、NTPOLICYSUPPORT,INORDERTOIMPROVETHEINDUSTRYPOSITIONINTHEINTERNATIONALCOMPETITIONONLYTHEGOVERNMENTANDLEATHERENTERPRISESMAKEDIVISIONANDCOOPERATION,FINISHINGINTHEIRSEPARATEFUNCTIONSWHILEHANDINGINHANDWITHTHELEATHERENTERPRISES,CANINDIALEATHERINDUSTRYHAVEAREALDEVELOPMENTANDAPROMOTIONOFLEATHERPRODUCTSEXPORTCOMPETITIVENESS