1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文标题关于文化节庆的多重利益相关者的观点奥克兰文艺节资料来源酒店营销与管理杂志VOL203,2011作者TINABUCH,SIMONMILNEHALL,1992)。在新的黄金时代,节庆行业进一步的发展,不仅仅是节庆活动的数量显著增加,学术出版物数量也大量增加,而且世界各地的大专院校也开设了相关课程。经济的影响及相关政策,是20世纪90年代和21世纪初流行的研究课题。特别是在近几年里,该领域已经扩大到了包括社会和环境因素,这三个因素都被纳入“三重底线”的做法。(DWYER,MELLOR,MISTILIS,FREDLINE,RAYBOULD,JAGO,MCMORLA
2、NDSOFIELDMCMORLANDMCMORLANDVANZYLHALL,1992INTHENEWMILLENNIUMTHEEVENTSINDUSTRYHASSEENABOOSTNOTONLYINTERMSOFTHENUMBEROFEVENTSANDFESTIVALSONOFFER,BUTALSOINTHEINCREASEDVOLUMEOFACADEMICPUBLICATIONSANDPROGRAMSOFFEREDATTERTIARYINSTITUTIONSAROUNDTHEWORLDECONOMICIMPACTSANDRELATEDPOLICYWERETHEPREVALENTRESEARC
3、HTOPICINTHE1990SANDEARLY2000SINMORERECENTYEARSTHEFIELDHASBROADENEDTOINCLUDESOCIALANDENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS,WITHALLTHREEAREASBEINGINTEGRATEDINTOA“TRIPLEBOTTOMLINE”APPROACHDWYER,MELLOR,MISTILIS,FREDLINE,RAYBOULD,JAGO,MCMORLANDSOFIELDMCMORLANDMCMORLANDVANZYLFESTIVALNOVELTYANDSOCIALINTERACTIONWITHFAMILY,F
4、RIENDS,ANDOTHERSASWELLASPULLFACTORSSUCHASAUTHENTICFOODANDENTERTAINMENTFESTIVALRESEARCHHASTRADITIONALLYFOCUSEDONTHEVISITORSORAUDIENCEASTHEUNITOFANALYSIS,NOTTHESTALLHOLDERSAFEWEXAMPLESOFRESEARCHONSTALLHOLDERSINCLUDETHESTUDYOFSTAKEHOLDERSATTHEGREEKFESTIVALOFSYDNEYSPIROPOULOS,GARGALIANOS,SOTIRIADOU,2006
5、THESEAUTHORSDEVELOPEDAFRAMEWORKCATEGORIZINGSTALLHOLDERSFROMBOTHAFUNCTIONALPERSPECTIVESUCHASMARKETINGANDPRODUCTION,ANDANETHNICORIENTEDPERSPECTIVEEG,GREEK,GREEKAUSTRALIANTHISFRAMEWORKMAYASSISTSPONSORS,POLICYMAKERS,ANDEVENTMANAGERSTOBETTERIDENTIFYTHEROLESANDIMPACTSOFEACHSTAKEHOLDERRUTINGANDLI2006EXAMIN
6、ETHE“BUNDANOONISBRIGADOON”SCOTTISHHIGHLANDSFESTIVALHELDINTHESOUTHERNHIGHLANDS,AUSTRALIATHERESEARCHREPORTSTHATSTALLHOLDERSATTENDEDTHEFESTIVALBOTHBECAUSEOFTHEATMOSPHEREANDECONOMICPROSPECTSFESTIVALSTUDIESHAVEMAINLYFOCUSEDONVISITORCONSUMPTIONANDEXPENDITURERATHERTHANONTHESTALLHOLDERPRODUCTIONENDOFTHEFEST
7、IVALEQUATIONTOADDRESSTHIS,FROSTANDOAKLEY2007SOUGHTTOINTEGRATETHECONCEPTSOFFINANCIALANDCULTURALENTREPRENEURSHIPTHEAUTHORSARGUETHATFESTIVALSACTASATEMPORARYMARKETPLACEWITHLOWENTRYBARRIERS“THEYAREOFTENSEENASPROVIDINGOPPORTUNITIESFORRECENTMIGRANTS,BOTHTOEXPLORETRADITIONALCULTURALEXPRESSIONSSUCHASDANCEORM
8、USICANDINAREASLIKEFOODRETAILING”FROSTOAKLEY,2007,P1FROSTANDOAKLEYS2007RESEARCHFOCUSESONTHECARNAVALDELPUEBLOANDTHEBRICKLANEFESTIVALTHESEEVENTSAREMANAGEDBYCOMMUNITIESINCLOSECOOPERATIONWITHLOCALAUTHORITIESORIGINALLYDEVELOPEDFORLONDONSCOLOMBIANCOMMUNITY,THECARNAVALNOWEMBRACESTHEWIDERLATINAMERICANCOMMUNI
9、TYANDNONLATINOGROUPSANDTRADERSHOWEVER,THISHASCREATEDSOMERESENTMENTAMONGLATINO9STALLHOLDERSAS“THEYSEEADILUTIONOFTHELATINAMERICANCHARACTEROFTHEEVENTASBADFORBUSINESS”FROST,ND,P4THEBRICKLANEFESTIVALISPOPULARWITHINLONDONSBANGLADESHIPOPULATIONFORSTALLHOLDERS,THEFESTIVALISATEMPORARYSPACEANDTHEYUSETHEFESTIV
10、ALAS“ANACCESSIBLEMARKETINGOPPORTUNITY,RATHERTHANASASHOWCASEFORCULTURALHERITAGE”FROSTOAKLEY,2007,P5LIMITEDRESEARCHHASFOCUSEDONORINCLUDEDTHEPERSPECTIVEOFTHEFESTIVALORGANIZERSASTUDYBYGURSOY,KIM,ANDUYSAL2004FOCUSEDONTHEWAYEVENTORGANIZERSVIEWTHEIMPACTSOFFESTIVALSANDSPECIALEVENTSONAHOSTCOMMUNITYTHEIRSTUDY
11、SHOWEDTHATEVENTORGANIZERSGENERALLYPERCEIVEFESTIVALSASCONTRIBUTINGTOCOMMUNITYCOHESIVENESSASOPPOSEDTOBEINGMAJORCONTRIBUTORSTOTHELOCALECONOMYJACKSON,HOUGHTON,RUSSELL,ANDTRIANDOS2005NOTEDINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEIRDOITYOURSELFKITFORMEASURINGECONOMICIMPACTSTHATTHEFESTIVALORGANIZERSONLYSAWTHEECONOMICIMPACTSAS
12、PARTOFTHEMOTIVATIONFORSTAGINGAFESTIVALTHEMAJORITYSPECIFIEDINCREASEDTOURISMBECAUSEOFINCREASEDAWARENESSCREATEDBYTHEFESTIVAL,ANDALSOINCLUDEDCULTURAL,SOCIAL,ANDOTHERCOMMUNITYDEVELOPMENTOUTCOMESMAYFIELDANDCROMPTON1995DEVELOPEDASTANDARDINSTRUMENTFORIDENTIFYINGTHEREASONSWHYCOMMUNITYORGANIZATIONSSTAGEAFESTIVALINORDERTOANSWERTHEQUESTION“ISTHERATIONALEFORSTAGINGAFESTIVALCONSISTENTWITHTHEBENEFITSTHATVISITORSRECEIVEFROMIT”
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