青岛44中师生共用讲学稿.DOC

1、青岛 44 中九年级讲学稿系列新目标 Unit2 20082009 学年（一）1青岛 44 中师生共用讲学稿年级：九年级 学科：英语 执笔人：韩鹏 总第（ ）课时课题：Unit3 课型：新授课 时间：2008.9.学习目标：1. 识记、理解相关词汇：pierce, license, silly, earring, instead of2. 通过词汇、语言目标的学习，学会谈论应该被允许做的事情：Talk about what you are allowed to do；Agree and disagree.3. 通过所学内容，了解作为学生应该做和不应该做的事情并在生活中体现一个中学生应有的精神面

2、貌。重点、难点：掌握 should to be allowed 的用法，并能正确运用。学法指导：通过听录音及朗读和反复书写，掌握好相关单词和语法知识。一、预习导学：（一）根据汉语默写单词、词组。刺穿_ 执照_ 愚蠢的_耳环_ 代替_（二）在课文中找出下列句子，并翻译。Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.Students should not be allowed to have part-time jobs.He doesnt seem to have many friends.He needs time to do

3、homework.(三)听第 18 页听力，完成 1b，练习 1c 对话。听第 19 页听力，完成 2a,2b 并练习 2c 对话。（四）通过学习有哪些困惑或问题？二合作探究（一）检查预习导学情况（二）学习词组及相关语法语法知识. 被动语态1. “语态”表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有“两态”的说法，即主动语态和被动语态，本单元中反复出现的 should be allowed 就是一个含有情态动词（should）的被动语态。先看几个基本概念:主语是动作的发出者为主动语态青岛 44 中九年级讲学稿系列新目标 Unit2 20082009 学年（一）2主语是动作的接受者为被动语态只有及物动词

4、才有被动语态。2. 被动语态的构成（1）The office is cleaned every day . The office was cleaned yesterday. Compare active and passive：动作的接受者 the office 成了句子的主语，就应该用被动语态。从上面的例句我们可以总结：一般现在时的被动语态为：主am / is / are （not）过去分词一般过去时的被动语态为：主was / were 过去分词如：Butter is made from milk. This house was built 100 years ago. 以前我们学过的 w

5、as / were born 生于，就是一个被动语态,born 是个过去分词（bear）When were you born ? I was born in 1989. 如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者，句子后面需接 by ，译为“被（由）”如：We were woken up by a loud noise .我们被嘈杂的声音吵醒。（2）现在进行时被动语态的构成为主语is / am / are + being 过去分词再如：My car is being repaired now. Some new houses are being built near the park. 公园附近在建一些

6、房子。（3）现在完成时被动语态的构成为主语have / has been 过去分词如：My key has been stolen. My keys have been stolen. I am not going to the party , I havent been invited. 含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词be过去分词A note had better be left to him. Teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes这里我们列举了几个主要时态，那么其它时态呢？一般将来时 主语will be 过去分词过去将来

7、时 主语would / should + be 过去分词过去进行时 主语was / were + being 过去分词过去完成时 主语had + been +过去分词被动语态的时态是由 be 的时态决定的，be 是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be 动词后面的过去分词不变。归纳：青岛 44 中九年级讲学稿系列新目标 Unit2 20082009 学年（一）3肯定句：主语be + 过去分词（by ）否定句：主语be not 过去分词（by ）一般疑问句：Be 主语过去分词（by ）? 特殊疑问句：疑问词be主语过去分词（by ）3. 被动语态的用法：（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用

8、 by动作执行者短语Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。I havent been told about it . 没有人告诉我这件事（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用 by 短语。The cup was broken by David. （3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型Its / was said / believed / reported / + that Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 据报道，这次地震

9、中大约有三百人死亡。4. 主动语态变为被动语态把主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：（1）把原句中的宾语变为主语（2）动词改为被动形式，即 be+过去分词（3）原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在 by 后面，如果没必要，可省略。注意事项：主动语态变成被动语态应注意事项从主动语态到被动语态的过程中主语、谓语动词、宾语都发生变化。注意主格与宾格的变化形式。注意主语的人称及数的变化对 be 动词带来的影响。注意 be 动词的时态形式取决于原主动语态的动词时态形式。5. 被动语态的几种类型（1）有两个宾语的句子的被动语态（直接宾语，间接宾语）通常这种句子可以改为以“人”当主语；和以“物”当作主语的两种被动

10、语态。如：He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. （以 I 做主语）A book was given to me by Tom. （以物 book 作主语）He teaches us English. We are taught English by him. （以人当主语）English is taught us by him. （以物作主语）（2）含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。青岛 44 中九年级讲学稿系列新目标 Unit2 20082009 学年（一）4

11、We keep food fresh in the fridge. 主 谓 宾 宾补Food is kept fresh in the fridge. I saw him go into the office building. He was seen to go into the office building. 英语中有“十大动词”的说法，即 feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch ,see , notice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加 to，但变被动句时必须加 to. （3）含有短语的主动语态变被动语态

12、不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词They take good care of my child. My child is taken good care of 他们把我的孩子照顾得很好。I turned off the radio. The radio was turned off （by me ）附：动词短语的被动语态take care of be taken care of cut down be cut down l

13、augh at be laughed at look afterbe looked after下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加bybe covered with 用覆盖着be interested in 对感兴趣be surprised at 对感到惊奇be made of （from）用制造的（4）由情态动词形成的被动语态含有情态动词的句子在变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面加上 be 动词即可，其句型如下：肯定句：主语情态动词（can , may , must）+be+ 过去分词否定句：主语情态动词not + be + 过去分词 疑问句：情态动词（Can , May , Must

14、）主语be过去分词. 如：We should allow teenagers to surf the Internet . Teenagers should be allowed to surf the Internet. Can you use it ? 你会使用它吗？Can it be used ? 6. 不能用于被动语态的几种情况青岛 44 中九年级讲学稿系列新目标 Unit2 20082009 学年（一）5（1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词时，不能改为被动语态。 他在镜中看见了自己的模样。We often help each other. 我们常常互相帮助。 （2）当谓语是表

15、状态的及物动词时（如 have ,like ,take place ,belong to ）如：I like these flowers. 我喜欢这些花。I will have a meeting. 不说 A meeting will be had. 应说 A meeting will be held .allow 的用法 : 1)allow 作“允许”或“ 许可”讲，常搭用动词不定式短语作宾语补足语即，allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 Please allow me to carry your bag. 请让我替你拿包。My boss doesnt allow me t

16、o use the telephone. 我的老板不允许我用电话。We were allowed to smoke in this room only. 我们只许在这间屋子里抽烟。 2)allow 作“ 许可” ， “允许”讲，只可搭配动名词短语作宾语，不可直接搭用动词不定式作宾补，即只可说 allow doing sth., 不可说 allow to do sth. They allowed smoking in this room only. 他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。Smoking is not allowed here. 此处禁止吸烟。3)allow 还常与 out, in, up

17、等副词搭配使用，即 allow sb. in/out/up 等。 She wont allow the children in until theyve wiped their shoes. 直到孩子们把鞋擦干净，她才让他们进来。 She is not allowed out after dark. 天黑后，不准她出去。The patient was allowed up after ten days. 十天后病人才被允许起床(下地) 。重点难点释义(Language Points)I dont think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get t

18、heir ears pierced. (P18)我认为不应该允许 12 岁的孩子穿耳孔。(1)当主句的主语是第一人称 I 或 we，谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, guess 等词时，其后的从句不能是含有 not 的否定句；若要否定，须将 not 提到主句。在翻译时，按汉语习惯译作否定从句。例如：“我想他不会给你打电话的”应译为 I dont think he will give you a call 而不是 I think he wont give you a call。特别提示:若把此类句式变成反意疑问句，其助动词及主语要根据从句确定，而肯定/否定则要根据主句

19、来确定。We think you can help him, cant you? 我们认为你能帮助他，不是吗？青岛 44 中九年级讲学稿系列新目标 Unit2 20082009 学年（一）6I dont think he is a good student, is he? 我认为他不是个好学生，对吗？(2)本句中的 twelve-year-olds 相当于 twelve-year-old teenagers，意为“12 岁的孩子/年轻人”。 “一个 16 岁青少年的表达方式”a kid sixteen years olda kid of sixteena kid of sixteen year

20、s old. a sixteen-year-old kid知识拓展数词和一个相应的名词单数用“-”连接起来，可以构成一个合成形容词。常见的还有：two-month holiday 两个月的假期a sixty-pound stone 一块 60 磅的石头(3)get their ears pierced 属于“get+ 名词/ 代词+ 动词的过去分词”结构，表示“使被做”， “请人做” 。Go and get your hair cut! 你去理理发吧。Why havent you got the work done yet? 你为什么还不叫人把活干了呢？反馈练习用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.

21、This machine _(use) for washing clothes. It_(call) “washing machine”.2. Now most work _(can do) by robots.3. More and more trees _( plant) on the mountains soon.4. There is another way of _ (work) out the problem.5. Dont make them_(stand) long outside.6. Read the passage _(write) by Lu Xun.句型转换 1. I

22、f you are lazy, you may not pass the exam.（改为同义句）_ hard, _ you may fail the exam2. My parents dont allow me to get my ears pierced.（改为被动句）I _ _ _ to get my ears pierced.3. His daughter has decided to buy a camera.（改写同义句）His daughter has _ _ _ to buy a camera.课后记：青岛 44 中九年级讲学稿系列新目标 Unit2 20082009 学年（

23、一）7青岛 44 中师生共用讲学稿年级：九年级 学科：英语 执笔人：韩鹏 总第（ ）课时课题：Unit3 课型：新授课 时间：2008.9.学习目标：识记、理解相关词汇：stay up通过词汇、语言目标的学习，学会谈论应该被允许做的事情：Talk about what you are allowed to do；Agree and disagree.通过所学内容，了解作为学生应该做和不应该做的事情并在生活中体现一个中学生应有的精神面貌。重点、难点：掌握 should to be allowed 的用法，并能正确运用。学法指导：通过听录音及朗读和反复书写，掌握好相关单词和语法知识。一、预习导学：

24、（一）根据汉语默写单词、词组。熬夜；不睡觉_ 在我家_ 在周五晚上_扎耳洞_ 在上学日的晚上_（二）在课文中找出下列句子，并翻译。Im allowed to go to the movies with friends on Friday nights.Im not allowed to get my ears pierced yet.（三）完成 P12 内容：练习对话，结对活动，小组活动。（四）通过学习有哪些困惑或问题？重点、难点、考点及疑点注释1.I disagree. (P19)我不同意。I agree. (P19)我同意。(1)agree 意为“赞成，同意” ，用来表示同意某人的意见、观

25、点等；可以单独使用，也可以接由 with, to, on 等引导的介词短语或接从句。Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 我们明天去动物园，好吗？I agree. 我同意。I quite agree with you. 我完全赞成你的意见。Do you agree on this plan? 你同意这个计划吗？知识拓展agree with, agree to 和 agree on 都表示“同意” ，但用法不同。agree with 表示“同意” ，后面接表示人的名词或代词，也可以接表示“意见，看法”的名词。青岛 44 中九年级讲学稿系列新目标 Unit2 20082

26、009 学年（一）8We all agree with him. 我们都同意他的意见。Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗？agree to 表示“同意” ，后面接表示“计划，建议，安排”等的名词，接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构。He agreed to our plan at last. 最后他同意了我们的计划。They agreed to come on Monday. 他们同意星期一来。agree on 表示“（两人以上）就取得一致意见，在方面意见一致” ，其主语多为复数形式，宾语是表示事、计划等的名词，而不是表示人的名词或代词，它可以与 agree

27、in doing sth 替换。They agreed on the plan.=They agreed in doing the plan. 他们对这个计划意见一致。特别提示agree with 也可以表示 “某人适应（食物、气候等） ”。The weather doesnt agree with me. 我不适应这种天气。(2)disagree 是 agree 的反义词，相当于 not agree。2. They talk instead of doing homework. (P19)他们会说话而不做作业。本句中的 instead of 是复合介词，意思是“代替” ，后面往往接名词、代词

28、、动名词或介词短语, of 后面的内容是被否定的。I want that book instead of this one. 我要那本书而不是这本。We went to swim instead of playing basketball.我们没有去打篮球，而是去游泳了。特别提示副词 instead 和 instead of 意思相同，但用法却不同。instead 意为“代替，顶替” ，常位于句首或句末，可不译。I didnt go to cinema. Instead, I went to go shopping. 我没有去看电影，我去购物了。The water here is not go

29、od, so I drink coffee instead. 这里的水不好，所以我改喝咖啡。3. Find someone who is allowed to stay up until 1100 pm. (P20) 找出被允许熬夜到 11 点的人。(1)who is allowed to stay up until 1100 pm 是一个定语从句，用来修饰前面的someone。The man who is smoking is my father. 正在抽烟的那个人是我的父亲。The foreigner who visited our class is from Canada.访问我们班的那

30、个外国人来自加拿大。(2)stay up 在这里是“熬夜” ， “不睡觉”的意思，相当于 not go to bed。He stayed up too late last night. 他昨天晚上熬夜到很晚。青岛 44 中九年级讲学稿系列新目标 Unit2 20082009 学年（一）9She promised the children they could stay up for homework.她承诺孩子们可以熬夜做作业。4. 主seem to do sth . 好像His temperature seems to be all right. 他的体温好像完全正常。seem 其他用法（1

31、）seem+形容词The question seems quite easy. 那个问题好像很容易。（2）seem+名词That seems a good idea. 那好像是个好主意。（3）It seems + that 从句It seemed that nobody knew anything about the matter. 看来没有人知道这件事。5. So do we （Section A 3a）So do we 为倒装句，其结构是 So + be 动词/ 助动词/情态动词主语，在时态上应和上一句保持一致。应翻译为“我们也是这样”用英文解释是：We have a lot of rul

32、es at my house , too.反馈练习：1. My brother went to the cinema, so did I.（改为同义句）_ my brother _ I went to the cinema.2. The boy is so young that he cant look after himself.（改为同义句）They boy is not _ _ to look after himself.3. To learn a foreign language well is useful, I think. （改为同义句）I think _ _ to learn

33、a foreign language well.单项选择 ( )1. Swimming is good _ our health, but at the same time we mustnt forget the danger.A. for B. at C. on D. with( )2. First of all, teachers must be strict _ their students.A. at B. in C. for D. with( )3. At last, Kangkang made the baby _ and began to laugh.A. stop to cr

34、y B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. to stop crying( )4. Miss Green didnt tell us _ before she came to our school.A. where does she live B. where she livedC. where did she live D. where she had lived( )5. Tom, your hair is too long. Would you please get your hair _?A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. be

35、 cut青岛 44 中九年级讲学稿系列新目标 Unit2 20082009 学年（一）10( )6. You will stay healthy_ you do more exercise and eat healthily.A. if B. how C. before D. where( )7. Did you go to Jacks birthday party? No, I _.A. am not invited B. wasnt invited C. havent invited D. didnt invite( )8. After playing football for more

36、than half an hour, the students took _ rest.A. a few minutes B. a few minutes C. a little minutes D. a little minutes( )9. You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A. neednt to come B. dont need to come C. neednt coming D. didnt need coming( )10. If you go to the par

37、k tomorrow morning, _.A. so will he B. so he will C. so he does D. so does he( )11. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.A. that B. when C. where D. whether用所给单词完成句子1. （the office / clean / yesterday ）The office was cleaned yesterday. 2. （the house / paint / last month）The house _3. （three people / injure / in the accident）_4. （my bicycle / steal / a few days ago）_5. （when / this bridge / build ? ）_6. （you / invite / to the party last week ? ）_7. （how / these windows / break ? ）_8. （I / not / wake up / by the noise ）_课后记：