2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试I卷.DOC

1、 1版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Education. All rights reserved.2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（I 卷）新东方郑州学校 高中英语教研组第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、 B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

2、Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington. D. C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom, Reserve your spot before availability-and the cherry b

3、lossoms-disappear！Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3-hours(4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington D. C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop Guided tour

4、 includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.CDuration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way: with minimum effort Knowledgeable guides will ent

5、ertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents.Congress, memorials, and parks, Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an even

6、ing of exploration in the heart of Washington D.C .Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall, Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All rider

7、s are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D. C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.2版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Education. All rights reserved.C. Capital

8、 City Bike Tour in Washington D. C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums.D. Enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night pr

9、ovide？A. City maps.B. Cameras.C. Meals.D. Safety lights.21【答案】A【解析】细节题。根据题干中的定位词“need to book in advance”找到第一段中“reserve your spot before availability”,同义替换，都表示 “提前预定” 。故选 A。22【答案】D【解析】细节题。根据题干中的定位词“Capital City Bike Tour” 找到题目对应范围为第三段。只有 D 选项“enjoy interesting stories”和第三段中的“Knowledgeable guides wil

10、l entertain you with the most interesting stories”对应。故选 D。23【答案】D【解析】细节题。根据题干中的定位词“the bicycle tour at night provide”找到题目对应最后一段。只有 D 选项“safety lights”和最后一行中的“safety lights”对应。故选 D。BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm

11、in her latest role- showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food. she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a da

12、y. And the Good 3版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Education. All rights reserved.Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack. 11.“We love Mexican chu

13、rros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, “she explains. “I pay 5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food，but sometimes we re not aware how cheaply we can make this food o

14、urselves”. The eightpart series （系列节目）, Save Money：Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Healthy , which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time wi

15、th a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys

16、 embarrassing her guests.B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning.D. She has had a tight budget for her family.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters.D. H

17、e invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraph.B. Provide some advice for the reader.C. Add some background information.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by E

18、ating Smart.B. Balancing Our Daily Diet.C. Making you a Perfect Chef. D. Cooking Well for Less.244版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Education. All rights reserved.【答案】B【解析】细节题。根据第一段中“Susanna Reid is uesd to,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest roleshowing familie

19、s how to prepare”可知 Susanna Reid 现在有一个新的角色。对应 B 选项，她开始了一个新的节目。故选 B。25. 【答案】C【解析】细节题。根据题干中定位词“Matt Tebbutt”找到题目对应的是第二段“Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste，while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day”（Matt Tebbutt 提供了如何减少食物浪费的技巧和 5 英镑以内的家庭日常食谱） 。对应 C 选项，在烹饪方面帮助她。故选 C26【答案

20、】C【解析】推断题。题干问作者写第四段的意图。根据第四段“The eight-part series，Save Money: Good FoodGood Health”作者介绍了这八期系列节目的其他期节目，对应 C 选项，加入了一些背景信息。27【答案】D【解析】主旨题，选择最佳标题。根据文章第一段的内容“showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget”（展示如何以低预算来准备美味营养的食物） ，对应 D 选项 Cooking well for less。CLanguages ha

21、ve been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit( 联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe

22、 that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12. 00 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, ind

23、ustrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English. Spanish and Chinese are increasingly

24、taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. ,often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones 5版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Edu

25、cation. All rights reserved.have lots, often spoken by small numbers Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1000. Africa 2.400 and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3, 200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. Themedian number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, whic

26、h means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers). Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apach

27、e in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patters.D. They were

28、closely connected.29. Which of the following best explains“dominant underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex.B. Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modem.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present ?A. About 6,800.B. About 3,400.C. About 2,400.D. About 1,200.31. What is the main idea of t

29、he text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.28【答案】B【解析】细节理解题，根据题干中的 hunter-gatherer 可以定位到文章第一段中的 When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small , ti

30、ghtly knit(联系) groups developed their own patters of speech independent of each other.可知在打猎时代每个群组都有自己的交流方式， 而且彼此独立。所以 B 答案是对的，语言的数量很大。6版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Education. All rights reserved.29【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。A. 以为复杂的， B. 先进的，高等的，C. 强大的，D. 现代化的。根据题干可定位到文章的第二段的第五

31、行， all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 在近几个世纪由于贸易，工业， 单一民族国家的发展 ，全宇宙义务教育的传播尤其是全球化，和在过去的几十年中的友好交流，导致很多语言逐步消失，英语，西班牙语，和汉语这些强大的语言逐步占据主导地位。从而选择 C。30.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的数字 6000.可定位到文章第三段的倒数第二行，The median

32、number of speaker is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 世界上语言的的一半也就是第三段第一行提到的 6800 的一半，所以选择 B。31【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章首末段可知，该文章主要讲解人类的发展导致语言的逐步消亡，或者减少。因此选择 C。DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight

33、of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices（装置）well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power thes

34、e devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we top using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use ha

35、s evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As

36、 we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per househo

37、ld in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old devices we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than

38、 doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.7版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Education. All rights reserved.So whats the solution（解决方案）? The teams data only went up to2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new el

39、ectronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environ

40、ment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a productC. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity

41、 consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.32【答案】A【解析】观点

42、态度题。根据文章第一段最后一句话Thats bad news for the environment- and our wallets- as these outdated devicesconsume much more energy than newer ones that do the same things.我们做相同的事情的时候，过时的设备比新的设备要消耗更多的能源。而且对环境也会产生很多坏处。由此可见新的产品比较环保。选 D.33. 【答案】D【解析】细节理解题，根据题干中的 Babbits team 可定位到文章的第二段第一行， To figure outhow much pow

43、er these devices are using, Callie Babbit and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York 8版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有Copyright New Oriental U-CAN Secondary School Education. All rights reserved.可知 Babbits team 做这个实验的目的是为了发现这些设备需要消耗多少能源，所以选择 D。34【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，They found that

44、 more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%使用平板电脑进行一些娱乐要比使用电视会减少 44%的能源消耗, 所以选 B。35【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。在文章中最后一段中以平板电脑和和电视机为例，再次强调了旧产品的坏处，言外之意是使用新的产品。第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余

45、选项。Color is fundamental in home design-something youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you ll love to live in. Do you want a room that s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after

46、 a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there re really only three kinds of decisio

47、ns you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.38 .They are the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and lees expensive than buyin

48、g a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, diner tables or bookshelves. 39 .They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on th

49、e feeling of a spaceThe large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant 40 .A. While all of them are useful.B. Whatever youre looking for.C. If youre experimenting with a color.D. Small color choices are the ones we are most familiar with.E. Its no really a good idea to use too many small color pieces.9版权归新东方教育科技集团郑州学校所有Copyri