选修八.doc

1、第 1 页 共 79 页Unit 1 A land of diversity一、单词 在 语 境 中 默 写 ，在 联 想 中 积 累写 得 准 用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.means n 手段；方法2.occur vi. 发生；出现3.reform v. 改革；革新n. 改革；改造；改良4.grasp vt. otherwise, you would not have been taken_in.5.You can team_up_with one other class member if you cant finish it on time.积 得 多 平 时 多 积 累 ，

2、考 场 出 华 章 1.“v.out ”结构的短语荟萃 mark out 标出 界线turn out 结果是 make out 理解；辨认出work out 锻炼cut out 删去 come out 出版；开花2.“v.in”结构短语荟萃break in 强行闯入give in 屈服；投降turn in 上交三、句式 在 解 读 中 学 懂 ，在 仿 写 中 学 通背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写1.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand

3、years ago.然而，可能至少在 15 000 年前美洲土著人就住在加利福it is likely that .“有可能” 。对我们学生而言参观长城有可能是一次难忘的经历。It_is_likely_that_a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience.第 4 页 共 79 页尼亚了。2.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天有超过 40%的加利福

4、尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。That is why .“那就是的原因” 。他迷恋电脑游戏，那就是他不得不辍学的原因。He is addicted to computer games, and that_is_why_he_has_to drop out of school.3.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mix

5、ture of many races and cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显的、主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。It is believed that .“人们认为/相信” ，其构成为：Itbe过去分词that 从句。人们认为澳大利亚的历史始于 18 世纪末期。It_is_believed_that Australian history began at the end of the eighteenth century.America is a multicultural society， and the ma

6、jority of Americans are white people. Every American citizen of over 18 years old has right to vote and to be elected by law. The qualified voters elect their president by means of voting in the public election. It seems quite fair， but many black people are not allowed to vote in some states. Thats

7、 why we say the right to vote is actually unfair.1majority n 大多数；大半(1)a/the majority of . 大多数in the/a majority 占多数(2)minority n. 少数in the/a minority 占少数(3)major n&v. 主修；专业第 5 页 共 79 页major in 主修；以为专业So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority (major)

8、 of people.(2014安徽高考)因此，我们可以设想历史建筑物对于大多数人来说既有吸引力又很重要。An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are (be) against it.看来达成协议是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员表示反对。I graduated from Chongqing Normal University and majored in information management.我毕业于重庆师范大学信息管理专业。名师指津 the/a majorit

9、y of名词，表示 “大多数” ，谓语动词的数与 of 后面的名词相一致；the majority 单独作主语时 ，谓语动词用单复数均可。2elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人(1)elect sb. (as/to be) 职位be elected职位 (职位前无冠词)(2)election n 选举Donald Trump was_elected (elect) as the new president of the United States.唐纳德特朗普被选为美国的新任总统。If I am lucky enough to win the_election (elect), the

10、 first thing I will do is to enrich our students afterclass activities.如果我足够幸运能赢得选举，我要做的第一件事就是丰富学生的课外活动。He was_elected_president _of the company, and the news came, in fact, as a surprise.他被选为公司的主席，实际上，这个消息一出来就给人们一个惊讶。3by means of 通过；用办法；借助于by this means 用这种方法by all means 当然可以；没问题by no means 决不；一点也不

11、(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)Only by_this_means is it possible to persuade him out of smoking.只有用这种方法才能说服他不抽烟。Furthermore, punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.Furthermore, by no means is_punishment a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.第 6 页

12、共 79 页此外，惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。Every possible means has (have) been tried, but none worked.每种可能的方法都试过了，但是没有一种起作用的。4This/That is why .这/那就是的原因That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天有超过 40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。this/that is because . 这/那是因

13、为this is the reason why . 这就是的原因the reason why .is that . 的原因是(why 引导的是定语从句)the reason that . is . 的原因是(that 引导的同位语从句)Tom overslept this morning. That is why he was late for work.汤姆今天早晨睡过头了。那是他上班迟到的原因。The reason_ that he was ill yesterday is such a bad excuse.那个他昨天生病的理由真是个糟糕的借口。The reason why he has

14、 had such a success is that he never gives up.他取得如此成功的原因是他从不放弃。Mr. Li is the manager of a small company. He makes a busy life so his company runs very well. This year， hed like to hire more workers to expand production. At the beginning， he wanted to take in some migrant workers in order to save mon

15、ey. But it occurred to him that he ought to employ some university graduates in the long run.5hire n & vt.租用；雇用(1)on hire 出租for hire 可供出租(2)hire sth. out (to sb.) 把租出去( 给某人)There are many bicycles on hire in this area.这地方有许多自行车出租。There are three small boats available for hire.这里有三只可供出租的小船。David used

16、 to hire his car out sometimes when he didnt need it himself.第 7 页 共 79 页大卫过去常常在自己不用车时把车租出去。6occur vi.发生；出现sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that . 某人突然想起It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the

17、 idea occurs to you and what materials you use. (2014辽宁高考书面表达)除了你奇妙的创意作品外，你还需要提交一份报告，解释你是怎么想到这个点子的，你用的是什么材料。But it_ struck/hit (occurred to) me that one shouldnt lose heart when in trouble.但是我突然想到一个人在陷入困境时不应该失去信心。Didnt it occur to you to_phone (phone) them about it?关于这件事你难道就没想到给他们打个电话？7make a life 习

18、惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生(1)make/earn a/ones living 谋生(2)live/lead a .life 过着生活come (back) to life 苏醒；变得活跃； 恢复生气bring .back to life 使苏醒过来；给活力Happy is the man who can make a living (make _a_life) by his hobby.以爱好谋生的人是幸福的。She had to look for parttime babysitting jobs these years to_make (make) a living.这些年来为了谋生

19、，她不得不去找当临时保姆的活儿。When Alice came_to_life,_she did not know how long she had been lying there.当爱丽丝醒来时，她不知道她已经在那儿躺了多久。8take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留一词多义 写出下列句中 take in 的含义The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.收留While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.吸收The United

20、 Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.包括Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by ill people.欺骗Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下take on 呈现；雇用；承担第 8 页 共 79 页take over 接收；接管；取代t

21、ake up 占去；占据；开始从事take down 拿下；写下；记下take back 收回；取回There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that Ill take_on the burden.(2013天津高考书面表达 )尽管前面有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。.单句语法填空1She was hired (hire) on the strength of her computer skills.2The majority of the interviewees prefer_(prefer) watching T

22、V at home to going to the cinema.3She became the first black woman to_be_elected (elect) to the Senate.4It suddenly occurred_to him that he should adopt the homeless child.5We should not have racial (race) discrimination.6I wish to be considered as an applicant (apply) for the position.7Whoever brea

23、ks the school rules will surely receive punishment (punish)8The bell indicating (indicate) the end of the class, which interrupted our heated discussion.9Apparently (apparent), the iPods, if used probably, are helpful to our study, especially to our English listening.10Great changes have taken place

24、 since our country reformed (reform) and opened to the outside world 30 years ago.单句改错1The majority of the students has passed their biology exam.hashave2Emerson would always take down new ideas that were occurred to him.去掉 were3A great many of houses were knocked down in the earthquake.去掉 of4We reg

25、ret to inform you that our company has hired on another girl for the job of secretary.去掉 on5Having punished by his boss, he was in a very bad mood.Having 后加 been6In fact, I didnt realize its importance after I was elected the monitor.去掉 the7A large percentage of this hotels income are from the visit

26、ors to the lake nearby.areis8Business in China is boomed, and that trend is expected to grow.boomedbooming第 9 页 共 79 页.选词填空take in， by means of， mark out， keep up， team up with， make a life， apply for， depend on1They settled down in Canada and made_a_life_for themselves.2I listened to the speech car

27、efully, but I still couldnt take_in.3By_means _of the Internet, we can keep in touch by sending emails.4Mr. Brown sent an email to the manager, applying_for a job in the company.5It is honorable to make a life with your hands while depending_on others is a shame.6A volleyball court had been marked_o

28、ut on the grass.7He teamed_up_with his brother in the doubles, which drew much attention of the audience.8In many countries, young people still keep_up the tradition that women will get married in a long white dress.根据提示词或结构补全句子1他没听懂问题，所以他的回答没有切中要害。(thats why)He did not understand the question. That

29、s_why_his_answer_was_not to the point.2她说，今后该病毒可能会继续在年轻人群间引发严重疾病。(it is likely that)“It_is_likely_that_the_virus_will_continue_to cause serious disease in younger age groups， ” she said.3长途跋涉之后，他们来到了被称之为“戈壁滩”的地方。(what 从句作宾语)After a long journey, they came to what_was_called “Gebi Desert”4与整个地球相比，最大的

30、海洋似乎一点也不大。(过去分词作状语)Compared_with_the_size_of_the_whole_earth,_the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.5据说在 1891 年 12 月 21 日，历史上第一次篮球比赛开始。(It is believed/said that .)It_is_believed/said_that_on_December_21st,_1891, the first basketball game in history was played.课下练熟高考练(一) 英语知识运用组块专练练准度(限时：30 分钟).

31、完形填空Volunteering abroad comes with a bit of a social stigma (耻辱). From my _1_， this couldnt be further from the truth. Volunteering isnt so expensive that its only a _2_ for the welloff. I spent 10 weeks volunteering in Arizona with America Conservation Experience (ACE), helping _3_ Americas natural

32、 beauty.The _4_ was arranged through BUNAC, a work and volunteer organization. _5_ it cost 第 10 页 共 79 页me around $1,000 a sum which I _6_ mostly by working parttime.The selfindulgent (放纵自己的) image is _7_ to overseas volunteer projects. However, the work can be _8_. I spent my time maintaining trail

33、s, building fences and carrying out projects in some of the national monuments of America. Summer temperatures in Arizona stay well above 35， _9_ pleasant if youre carrying 50kg of concrete for 10 hours at a time. And then there was the wildlife to deal with, which _10_ my strength of character and

34、made my _11_ of the English household spider disappear._12_ do most people volunteer for? Probably they want to _13_ things to the world. But in reality, you _14_ just as much as the local communities and ecosystems youre helping.Spending 10 weeks in Americas most beautiful national parks and forest

35、s was _15_. I gained a far deeper _16_ of the local environment than the average tourist, _17_ exnational park rangers (护林者) who knew _18_ of the areas history and ecosystem. But best of all, my 10 weeks were spent volunteering with young people from a mix of _19_ from Belgians to South Koreans. Whe

36、n I left Arizona, I returned home having made a lifelong _20_ with people from around the world.语篇解读：这是一篇记叙文， 讲述了作者去美国亚利桑那州当志愿者的 经历。 虽然饱含辛酸却也让作者收获良多，作者不 仅了解了当地的环境， 还 与来自世界各地的人建立了一生的联系。1A.aspect BexperienceCimpression Dobservation解析：选 B 下文介绍了作者去美国亚利桑那州做志愿者的 经历，故这里说的是“从我的经历来看，这个说法绝非事 实” 。far from“远非”

37、。2A.choice BdreamChabit Ddestination解析：选 A 根据 5 空后的“it cost me around $ 1,000 . by working parttime”，故这里应是指做志愿者并非如此昂贵以至于它只能是富人的“选择(choice)” ，即普通人也可以参与。3A.explore BdevelopCpreserve Dfind解析：选 C 根据第三段的“maintaining trails, building fences and carrying out projects .”以及最后一段的“exnational park rangers (护林者)”可知，作者应是在美国的亚利桑那州保护大自然的美。preserve“保护” 。4A.trip BfundCorganization Dconference解析：选 A 根据最后一段的“Spending 10 weeks in Americas most beautiful national parks and forests”可知，作者去了美国亚利桑那州的国家公园和森林，这是一个 trip“行程” 。