我国商业银行中间业务与其发展的综合国际之间的比较【外文翻译】.doc

1、外文翻译 原文 Intermediate business of commercial banks and the development of intermediate business of commercial banks in China with a comprehensive international comparison Material Source:http:/ Author:LIU He 1.1 The broader business scope, a wide variety. Western countries of the middle-run commercia

2、l banks and a wide variety of products to meet the diverse needs of customers, the commercial banks for the new business innovation. The scope of business covered by the middle of the traditional banking, trust services, investment banking, mutual funds and insurance business. They can engage in mon

3、ey market operations, but also can engage in discounting commercial paper and capital markets business.Gradually expand the business scale of 1.2 rising income levels. From 1993 to 1996 among the U.S. banking business grew from 912 billion U.S. dollars to 12.188 trillion U.S. dollars, accounting for

4、 bank assets from 78% to 142.9%, of which the seven largest banks in the middle of the business lending per cent more than doubled and more. Living in the forefront of the U.S. banking industry, Citigroup, the Americas, such as the middle of the five major banking groups involved in the operational

5、activities of the total assets of more than 2.2 trillion U.S. dollars has the same period, assets and liabilities that banks under the total assets of 780 billion U.S. dollars for the capital sum for the 45 billion U.S. dollars; intermediary business 3 years the average growth rate to 54.2%, much hi

6、gher than the 9 percent average annual total assets and total capital at an average annual growth rate of 21.6 percent. 1.3 Middle-income structure of the business change. Western commercial banks from 1980 to 1990 of 10 years, the total income of non-spread revenue rapid upward trend in both. The m

7、iddle of foreign banks operating income generally accounts for 40% of total revenue -50%. Acceptance in the United States, Citibank, credit investigation, credit rating companies, assets evaluation business, personal financial advisor business, long-term foreign exchange trading, foreign exchange fu

8、tures, foreign exchange options, and other intermediary business represented 80 percent brought their profits deposit and lending business profits accounted for only 20% of the total profits. 1.4 Service means of advanced and high technology. Improvement in the level of science and technology for th

9、e development of intermediate business of commercial banks to provide a strong foundation for technical support and innovation, especially in recent years can be at any time and any place in any way to provide customers with personalized service network of banks, the emergence of Internet banking pr

10、omoted the development of intermediary business. With the international advanced banking payment system on its strong business in the middle was a huge amount of service fee revenue. Third, commercial banks Analysis of intermediate products 2.1 Clearing-type intermediate products Clearing products a

11、re usually divided into promissory notes, bills of exchange, the three types of checks. Settlement of funds between the time of the settlement act, for the customers, the main demand is to use the banking clearing system, security and timely transfer of funds. Settlement is therefore a means of clea

12、ring operations to ensure the successful completion of an important link. On the characteristics of the clearing business, its risk may come from three aspects: customer risk factors, risk factors of post and telecommunications sector and banking risk factors. For the banks, the first two banks of e

13、xternal risks, which is the banks internal risk. 2.2 security type of intermediate products With the development of international trade, the Western commercial banks faster development of the security business, including standby letters of credit, guarantee the payment, performance bond, bid securit

14、y, supervision, such as payment by the common varieties. Chinese and foreign commercial banks, the security business is production of the intermediate business with commercial banks to carry out security operations is the use of banks to provide credit support, that one has to bear because of the ri

15、sks associated with credit support. Intermediate goods 2.3 Management Mainly divided into the banking business, safe operations, Personal Financial Services. Since the last century is the era, as the worlds financial system, industry structure, organizational structure, operational modalities and co

16、mpetition is undergoing a profound transformation. The changes in the traditional banking, securities, insurance, trust business increasingly blurred boundaries between the business, while seeking to promote and strengthen the commercial banking and financial activities of globalization and virtual

17、organizations, the banks of the insurance industry to flourish here development. With the development of the world economy, personal financial services showing a huge space for development. And personal financial services customers of commercial banks is the core personal financial services in the c

18、ommercial banks to the “financial services supermarket“ the process of development, personal financial services of commercial banks at home and abroad has become the focal point of retail business one. 2.4 Advisory type of intermediate products Intermediary business consulting category refers to the

19、 transfer, sale information and provide intelligence services to the main contents of the intermediary business. Commercial banks on their own information, talent, credibility and other areas, the collection and presentation of information and information of these customers, as well as banks and fin

20、ancial analysis of campaign records to form a system of information and programs made available to customers, one to meet their management or business development needs. Include: credit, corporate credit rating, assets evaluation business and financial information; business and personal financial ad

21、visor business; business consultant business investment and financing, including financing and the international syndicated loan arrangement. 2.5 bank cards, online banking intermediate products Bank credit card is the issue of commercial banks to the community with consumer credit, debit settlement

22、, access to cash in whole or in part, such as a credit payment function. Its fast development, many countries have become an important business, many banks and the major source of profit for variety. Internet banking is a banking service to provide customers with new tools, which the existing bankin

23、g business, based on the use of Internet technology to provide customers with comprehensive, consent, security, real-time financial services. Internet banking is not only a banking innovation is the organizational structure of a bank At the same time, the emergence of Internet banking so that the ex

24、pansion of commercial banks to find new channels for the middle of the business. Fourth, the middle of the latest developments in the direction of business Securitization of credit assets 3.1 Securitization of credit assets refers to a group of poor liquidity through a portfolio of assets, so that t

25、his group of assets to generate stable and predictable cash flow proceeds through the intermediary of certain credit enhancement, the proceeds of these assets the right to change as flows in the financial markets, higher credit rating of bond-type securities. In essence, will be financing the securi

26、tization of future cash proceeds of the assets and the corresponding right to transfer the risk to investors, and the transfer of ownership of the assets may not be entirely. 3.2 fund business A long time, Chinas commercial banks to develop intermediary business not as a main industry and the new pr

27、ofit growth point to run, but also our countrys strict separation of management and other factors, so that the development of the banking sector has been greater restrictions. A direct consequence of these restrictions is that domestic commercial banks and weak financial innovation. Have been carrie

28、d out in the middle of the retail business of the development of varieties, not to profit maximization as the goal, but as absorbing as a means of customer deposits, which resulted in business receipts in the middle of the contribution rate for banks with low profit situation. Commercial banks in Ch

29、inas current total income, the proportion of all interest income more than 90%. This revenue structure is to enable the assets of Chinas commercial banks profitability in the last century since the 90s has been in a continuous downward trend in one of the main reasons. Studies have shown that commer

30、cial banks in the U.S. the average asset profit rate of Chinas four state-owned commercial banks average of 12.86 times. This shows that the middle of my business cards, many types of projects though, but their purpose and profit with the situation in Western developed countries, significant differe

31、nces between the modern commercial banking business and a lot of content has yet to enter our field of vision. 4 Chinas commercial banks lag in the middle of the reasons for business development 4.1 on the traditional state-owned commercial businesses, as well as the long-term monopoly control of th

32、e central banks interest rates led directly to commercial banks to create a modern inadequate. From abroad, the development of banking business, the increasingly intensified competition in the market forces and customers is to continuously strengthen the bank to speed up the expansion of the main re

33、asons for non-margin business. Chinas banking industry from the historical path of development, the historical factors strangle a certain extent, the domestic commercial banks to expand their business and the autonomy of consciousness. “Unification“ of thinking, as well as the banking system more ri

34、gid domestic commercial banks used to make the governments command, the lack of response to the economic situation to customers and the market as guide, based on the formulation and implementation of their own advantages for their own development strategies of motivation and ability. 4.2 the develop

35、ment of intermediate business of commercial banks led to a substantial risk of financial regulation will make the existing system is facing tremendous pressure. The financial sector at the policy orientation of business limits the room for the development of intermediary business. Most of the middle

36、 of the business belonging to banks and non-bank financial institutions operating in the field of cross-cutting, so inrong the states macroeconomic management policies of banks, non-bank financial institutions, the limited scope of business directly determines the intermediate business of commercial

37、 banks to open up space. I started in 1993 from a banking, securities, insurance, trust the strict separation of management, the banks can not create a cross-sectoral, comprehensive, multi-faceted business intermediate products, it is difficult to raise the level of business and level of intensive 4

38、.3 Bank charges among the business and the lack of standardization. In the absence of corresponding fees and charges based mechanism, the intermediary business difficult and hard to charge fees, particularly the phenomenon of table. Charges not specifically reflected in the financial institutions am

39、ong the business no express provision charges. Difficult to charge in fees and charges due to lack of enforcement mechanism, financial institutions are afraid of arbitrary collection of charges the suspect. 4.4 Chinas banking industry has developed the “marketing model“ and the “marketing habit“ has

40、 severely constrained the development of intermediary business. From foreign banks to expand business model point of view, primarily by the consumer to facilitate this, fast, safe and customer service benefits, are a typical “product marketing.“ As for the domestic banking industry, the product qual

41、ity and price are often relegated to a secondary position, “relationship marketing“ has become the domestic banking industry to explore the middle of the main mode of business. At present, commercial banks remain the main customer base to large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, state-owned e

42、nterprises and property rights Fuzzy principal - agent problem makes enterprise managers pay more attention to the pursuit of personal interests, at this time the relationship between banks and their customers has become a successful product whether or not the key. 译文 我国商业银行中间业务与其发展的综合国际之间的比较 资料来源 :

43、 http:/ 作者： Liu He 1.1 品种繁多发展的商业银行 商业银行的中间业务和西方国家的各种产品 ，可以 满足客户的多样化需求，为商业银行中间业务创新做好准备。 业务范围涵盖传统银行业，信托服务，投资银行，共同基金，保险等业务。 他们可以从事货币 市场操作，也可以从事商业票据贴现和资本市场业务。 逐步扩大经营规模。 1.2 上升的收入水平 从 1993 年在美国的银行业务到 1996 年从九千一百二十万美元到一十二万一千八百八十亿美元，占银行资产的比例从 78%升至 142.9，其中七家最大银行中的百分之贷款业务中增加了一倍多等等 。 在美国银行业居于前列的花旗，美洲等五个主要银行

44、在超过 2.2 万亿美元总资产的业务活动的群体中具有相同的时期，资产和负债根据 780 亿美元用于为 45 亿美元本金美元总资产的银行 ;中间业务以年均 3 年的平均增长率为 54.2的速度增长，远高于 9 个百分点，平均每年的总资产和总资本的更高成长率为 21.6%。 1.3 中等收入业务结构变化 西方商业银行从 1980 年至 1990 年的 10 年间，两者的总收入中的非利差收入的上升趋势加快。 外资银行的中间业务收入一般占收入总 额的 40 -50。 在接受美国银行，花旗银行的资信调查，信用评级公司，资产评估业务，个人财务顾问业务，长期外汇买卖，外汇期货，外汇期权等中介业务占 80%，

45、而带来了他们的利润存款与贷款业务利润仅占总利润的 20。 1.4 服务的先进和高科技的手段 先进的 科学和技术为商业银行中间业务提供了技术支持和创新的坚实基础，加速了发展水平， 特别是在近几年的改进，可以在任何时间，任何地点以任何方式提供个性化的网络银行用户服务，网上银行的出现，促进了中间业务的发展。 拥有国际先进的银行支付强大的业务系统，中间是一笔巨大的服务费收入金额。 商业银行的中间业务分析 2.1 结算类中间产品，结算产品通常分为本票，汇票，支票分为三类中间产物的分析 这些 之间的行为是为客户结算资金结算，主要需求是利用银行结算系统，安全及时转移资金。 因此，结算清理行动是用来确保圆满完

46、成的重要环节手段。 关于结算业务的特点，其风险可能来自三个方面：客户的风险因素，邮电部门和银行风险因素。 对于银行来说，前两个是外部风险，而这是银行的内部风险的银行。 2.2 随着国际贸易的发展，西方商业银行加快发展，中间产品的安全性的安全业 务，包括备用信用证，担保，如普通品种的支付，履约保函，投标担保，监理， 中外商业银行，担保业务是商业银行 应某一交易中一方的申请 ， 允诺当申请人不能履约时由银行承担对另一方的全部义务的行为 2.3 管理主要分为银行业务，运营安全， 个人金融服务 自上个世纪建立世界金融体系，产业结构，组织结构，运作模式和竞争正经历一场深刻的变革时代。 在传统的银行业务的

47、变化中，证券，保险，信托业之间的业务越来越模糊，同时寻求促进和加强商业银行和金融的全球化和虚拟组织的活动，银行保险业的在这里的蓬勃发展。 随着世界经济的发展，个人金融服务呈现出巨大的发展空间。 在 商业银行的客户中的以个人为核心的 “ 金融服务超市 ” 的发展过程中，商业银行在国内个人金融服务的商业银行金融服务已成为国内外零售业务的一个联络点。 2.4 中间产品的咨询顾问类 中间业务类型是指转让，出售信息，提供情报服务，以中间业务的主要内容。 关于自己的信息，人才，信誉等方面，收集和传播信息，这些客户的信息介绍，以及银行和财务分析运动记录，形成了商业 银行信息系统和方案提供给客户，以满足他们的

48、管理或业务发展的需要。 包括：信用，企业信用评级，资产评估业务和财务信息，商业及个人财务顾问业务，商业投资和融资顾问业务，包括融资，国际银团贷款安排。 2.5 银行卡，网上银行中间产品 银行信用卡是商业银行与消费者的信用卡，借记卡结算，存取全部或部分，如信用卡支付功能，现金社会的沟通。 它的快速发展，已成为许多国家一个重要的业务，为许多银行各种利益的主要来源。 网上银行是银行服务，为客户提供新的工具而现有的银行业务，基于互联网技术的使用，为客户提供全面，同意，安全，实时的金融服务。 网上银行不仅是金融创新是银行创新，网上银行的出现，使商业银行的扩张找到了中间业务的新渠道。 中间业务中的信贷资产

49、证券化的最新发展方向 3.1 信贷资产证券化中的最新发展方向是指一组流动性差的资产组合通过信贷资产证券化，使这组资产产生的现金流量稳定，这些资产的收益可通过某些信用增强中介机构的权利来预测，改变金融市场的流动，较高的债券型证券信用评级。 从本质上讲，将筹措的资产未来现金收入和相应的权利，将风险转移到投资者和资产所有权的转移可能并非完全证券化 3.2 基金业务的时间长了，中国的商业银行发展中间业务不作为主业和新的利润增长点运行，但也使我们国家的管理和其他因素的严格分离，从而 使银行业的发展被更多的限制 这些限制的直接后果是，国内商业银行 和脆弱的金融创新。 已开展了对零售中间业务品种的开发，而不是利润最大化为目标，只要是客户存款的手段，这对业务收益造成了对银行的贡献率中的吸收，但低利润的情况 。 在中国目前的总收