初中一般现在时与现在进行时语法详解及习题.docx

1、一般现在时一、概述一般现在时表示习惯性、经常性、反复性的动作或存在的状态。 “习惯性、经常性、反复性”是一般现在时的三大特性，它不表示特定时间内发生的事。用法：1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.3)表示客观真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.二、一般现

2、在时的结构时态的结构指的是动词的变化形式。一般现在时间有两种结构，一种是动词原形，用于主语为非第三人称时的情况；另一种为动词的第三人称单数形式，用于主语为第三人称时的情况。Eg1.We often get up early in the morning.Eg2.My father often gets up early in the morning.三、谈谈“主语为三单，其后动词 s 添”在一般现在时中，当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。可以简单叙述为“主语为三单，其后动词 s 添” 。何谓第三人称单数？用一句话概括就是“非你、非我、非复数” ，如 he, she, it,

3、 my father, my mother, my sister, our English teacher, Tom, Mike, Liu Jia, China, my book, etc.Eg3.He sometimes goes to school by bike.Eg4.My father works in the hospital as a doctor.四、动词第三人称单数变化规则动词第三人称变化的规则与可数名词复数变化的规则相同。规则一、一般在词尾加-s。如：looks, puts. reads, sees, skis 等。规则二、以-o, -s, -x, -sh, -ch 结尾的

4、加-es 。如：goes, does, misses, passes, mixes, fixes, pushes, wishes, watches, teaches,等。规则三、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，变 y 为 i，再加-es。注意一定是辅音字母加 y 才变，若是元音字母加 y，则直接加-s。如：fly flies, try tries, fry fries, copy copiesbuy buys, enjoy enjoys, play plays, say says, pay pays五、一般现在时的句子转换（1 ）当句子中有 be 动词或情态动词时，则把 be 动词或情态动词 (ca

5、n,could 等等)提到主语的前面变成一般疑问句;在 be 动词或情态动词后面加 not 变成否定句.例：陈述句：She is a student.一般疑问句 Is she a student?否定句 She is not a student.陈述句：I can swim.一般疑问句 Can you swim?否定句 I can not swim.（2 ）当句子中即没有 be 动词，也没有情态动词时，则在主语前加助动词 do (you,以及复数), does（单数 she,he,it）变成一般疑问句；在主语后谓语动词前加助动词 dont（I,you,以及复数), doesnt（单数 she,

6、he,it）变成否定句，助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。例：陈述句：We get up at 7:00 every morning.一般疑问句Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?否定句We dont get up at 7:00 every morning.陈述句：She has a little brother.一般疑问句 Does she have a little brother?否定句 She doesnt have a little brother.标志：其时间状语为 often、 usually、 always、 sometimes 等频率副词，o

7、n Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。特殊用法：下列动词 come， go， arrive， leave， start， begin， return 的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus star？ It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后六、练习巩固1.写出下列动词的三单形式go_ catch_ brus

8、h（刷）_ wash_do_ like_ have_ watch_drink _ fly_ say_ learn _eat_ read_ sing_ buy_ study_ stay _ make _ look _ pass_ carry _ come_plant(种植)_teach_ buy_2.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. We often_(play) in the playground.2. He _(get) up at six oclock.3._you_(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What_ (do) he usually_ (do

9、) after school?5.Danny_(study)English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she often_(watch) TV with his parents.8. _ Mike_(read) English every day?9.How many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday?10. What time_his mother

10、_(do) the housework?3.选择题( )1. I _to school at 7:00 in the morning.A. go B. going C. goes( )2. They _books every day in the library.A.reads B. read C. reading( )3. The monkey_ eating bananas very much.A.like B. likes C. liking( )4. My father _to read newspaper after supper every day.A.like B. likes

11、C. liking( )5. I like watching TV, but my mother _like it.A. dont B. doesnt C. does( )6. _ your father drink milk every day?A.do B. are C. does（ ）7. We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A. dont rain B. didnt rain C.doesnt rain D. isnt rain （ ）8. He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; s

12、et B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets（ ）9.Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen（ ）10. Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied4.改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does he

13、likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _5.把下列句子变成一般疑问句（并作肯定和否定回答） 、否定句例：I like cooking.Do you like cooking? Yes, I do. No, I dont.I dont like cooking.1.My friends like playing soccer.2.They speak English every

14、day.3.Daniel watches TV every evening4.John is from Canada. 5.Tom does his homework at home.6.My dog runs fast. 7. Amy likes playing computer games. 8. She can play the piano well.课后作业一 选择题2. There _ an English film.A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. is3. The picture _ nice.A. loo

15、ks B. is looked C. look D. is looking4. She _ down and soon falls asleep.A. live B. lain C. laid D. lies5. They _ the office in time very morning.A. reach to B. arrived C. went D. get to6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _ back nextweek.A. will come B. came C. would come D. come7. The

16、 plane _ off.A. takes B. took C. was taken D. is take8. I see her _ the room this morning.A. to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters9. The teacher asks us _ to school on time.A. to come B. coming C. come D. comes10. John is always _ others.A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help11. He tells us _ at ei

17、ght.A. working B. to work C. work D. worked12. Youd better _ at home and _ your homework.A. to stay, do B. stay, do C. to stay, to do D. stay, to do13. He sits down _ a rest.A. having B. have C. to have D. had14. Uncle Wang knows _ a washing machine.A. how to make B. to make C. how making D. what to

18、 make15. Jim decides _ Polly to Ling Feng when he is back to England.A. to leave B. left C. leaving D. leave一、将下列句子译成英语1. 汤姆喜欢英语。2. 他们看电视。3. 杰克是个老师。4. 妈妈在 11 点吃午饭。5. 我们踢足球。二、变否定句。1. He wants a book.2. Jimmy washes hands before dinner.3. Lisa likes milk very much.4. They walk to school.5. Lingling an

19、d Dandan are 10 years old.6. I am Chinese.7. Ben is from America.三、变一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。1.He wants a book.2. Jimmy washes hands before dinner.3. Lisa likes milk very much.4. They walk to school.5. Lingling and Dandan are 10 years old.6. I am Chinese.7. Ben is from America.现在进行时构成：Am/is/ are+ v-ing 是现在进行时

20、的构成形式一般情况 V +ing falling1.以不发音字母 e 结尾的单词 去 e, +ing having write -writing make- making ride-riding take-taking2.以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写词尾字母+ing sit-sitting swim-swimming put- putting run- running get-getting什么是音节？闭音节？重读闭音节？ 1， 英语单词是由字母组成的，字母构成音节。一般来讲有一个元音就是一个音节。含一个元音的词叫作单音节词，含两个或两个以上元音的单词叫作双音节或多音节

21、词。单音节词都是重读音节，双音节和多音节词中一般有一个重读音节，其他的是弱读音节。2， 闭音节：闭音节是两个辅音中间有一个元音的音节。例如：not，thank，ten，am，six 等。3， 重读闭音节是需要重读的闭音节，如果是单音节一定重读，但是重读符号省略;如果是多音节，一定有一个需要重读。重读闭音节（辅音 1+元音+辅音 2）中的辅音 2 在构词法中要双写，如果不重读，如 listen 中的第二个音节 ten(闭音节)中的 n 就不用双写，因为重读在第一个音节 lis 上特殊变化(或者说以 Ie 为结尾的重读闭音节的动词)的现在分词有 3 个:lyinglie, dying dietyi

22、ngtie 这些以 ie 结尾要去 e 再把 I 变 y 再加 ing基本用法1 表示说话时正在进行的动作常和 now 连用，有时用一个动词如 look（看） 、listen（听）来表示 now（现在）这一时间概念。Look！A train is coming.看！火车来了Listen！He is playing the piano.听！他在弹钢琴。2 表示现阶段正在进行着的动作但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和 at present（目前） 、this week（本周） 、these days（这几天）等时间状语连用。What lesson are you studying this week？

23、你们本周学哪一课了？（说话时并不在学）3 现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作即是说可以用来代替将来时，但此时，一般要与表示将来的时间状语连用，而且仅限于少量动词。如：go（去） 、come（来） 、leave（离开） 、start（开始） 、arrive（到达） 、return（返回） 、sleep（睡觉） 、Are you going to Tianjing tomorrow？你明天去天津吗？How many of you are Coming to the party next week？ 你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会？ 4 be going to+动词原形这一句型

24、表示即将发生的事或打算（准备）做的事，我们把它归在将来时里了。she isnt going to speak at the meeting.她不打算在会议上发言。注意：如果没有表示将来时间的状语，此类句子就可能指现在或现阶段的动作。Where are you going next week？下周你计划去哪儿？用现在进行时表示将来时，因为有 next week（下周）这一时间状语。Where are you going？你现在去哪儿？因为没有表示将来时的时间状语，所以就按句型来翻译，即现在进行时。5 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别一般现在时表示经常性的动作；而现在进行时表示暂时性的动作。He wa

25、lks to work.他步行上班。 （习惯、经常性的动作）Hes walking to work because his bike is being repaired.他现在走着上班，因为他的自行车正在修理。 （只是暂时的情况）Where does he live？他家住在哪儿？（询问一般的情况）Where is he living（staying）？他这几天住在哪儿？（询问暂时一段时间的情况）6 现在进行时有时可用来代替一般现在时，表达说话人的某种感情，使句子有强烈的感情色彩。常与 always，forever 连用。You are always forgetting the import

26、ant thing.你总是把重要的事情忘掉。 （表达出不满的情绪）Mary is doing fine work at school.玛丽在学校学习得挺不错。现在进行时练习一、按要求改写句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_ _一般疑问句： _肯定回答： _否定回答： _对“ The boy”提问：_二、单项选择（ ）1.我在照看孩子.(A)I am looking after the baby.(B)Im look aftering the baby.(C)I look am aftering the baby.(D)I looking after

27、the baby.( )2._friends making_a kite.(A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his( )3.Is the woman wearing_ yellow your teacher?(A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having( )4.Look!The twins_their mother do the housework.(A)are wanting (B)help(C)are helping (D)are looking( )5._are the birds doing? They are sin

28、ging in a tree.(A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where( )6.Is she_something?(A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats( )7.你在干什么?(A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do?(C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do?( )8.What are you listening_? (A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to( )9.我正在听他说话.(A)I listening to him. (B)Im listening

29、to him.(C)Im listen to him. (D)Im listening him.( )10.They are_their clothes.(A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on( )11.Listen! She_in the classroom.(A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing( )12.Today Jim_ his white shirt and brown trousers.(A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is weari

30、ng( )13._are you eating?Im eating_meat.(A)What,some (B)Which,any (C)Where,not (D)What,a( )14.They_TV in the evening.They do their homework.(A)are watching (B)cant watching (C)dont watch (D)dont watching( )15.The children_football.(A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a( )16.They are flyin

31、g kites.(A)他们喜欢放风筝. (B)他们在放风筝吗?(C)他们在放风筝. (D)他们常放风筝.( )17.Look,They are swimming in the river.I want_you.(A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help( )18.Look.Lucy is_a new bike today.(A)jumping (B)running (C)riding (D)takeing三、用现在进行时完成下列句子:1.What_you_(do)?2.I_(sing) an English song.3.What_he_(mend)

32、?4.He_(mend) a car.5._you_(fly) a kite?Yes,_.6._she_(sit) in the boat?7._you_(ask) questions?8.We_(play) games now.四写出下列动词的现在分词stand_ swim_ play_ watch_skate_ run_ sleep_ jump_ walk_ ride_ clean_ make_ wash_ do_ go_ listen_play_come_sing_have_ write_dance_ sit_ read_课后习题现在进行时专练一 用括号中动词的适当形式填空： 1. My

33、 parents _（watch）TV now. 2. Look. Three boys _（run）. 3. What _ your mother _（do）? now? 4. _ your dog _ now?（sleep） 5. _ you _（listen）? to music? Yes, I am. 6. Look, Miss Chen _ football.（play） 7. Tom and his sister _（wait）for you over there. 8. Now Class 3 and Class 4_（have）a test. 9. Listen, someon

34、e _（sing）in the classroom. 10. Where is Zhang Yan? She _（talk）with her teacher in the teachers office. 11. What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread. 12. Its nine oclock. My father_-_(work) in the office. 13. Look, the boy_(put) the rubbish into the bin. 14. _he_(clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He_(

35、play). 15. Where is Mark? He_(run) on the grass. 16. Listen, who_(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_(sing) there.17.(do) _you like animals?Yes, I _What are you _?I am _ my? homework.18.(dance)My sister likes _. She can _well. Now she is _19.(swim)Her parents can _They like _They are _now二选择填空： （）1.

36、Who _ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing （ 2. Its nine ten. The students _ a music class. A. hav B. having C. are having （）3. Listen! The boy_A. crying B. is crying C. cries （）4. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A. sleep B. is sleepin C. are sleeping （ ）5. Is the man _ tea or milk? A. drinks B. drink C. drinking