高中定语从句总复习教案.doc

1、高中定语从句总复习教案定语从句适用学科 高中英语适用年级 高中三年级适用区域 全国使用人教版教材地区 课时时长（分钟） 240分钟知识点 1、关系代词、关系副词的基本用法；2、as引导的定语从句用法；3、关系代词that与which引导定语从句的区别；4、as 与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；6、非限制性定语从句教学目标 1、掌握定语从句中关系代词及关系副词的用法；2、能区分关系代词that与which的用法；3、掌握as引导的定语从句的用法；4、能区分as 与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别；5、能区分定语从句与名词性从句的区别。教学重点

2、1、关系代词、关系副词的基本用法；2、as引导的定语从句用法；3、关系代词that与which引导定语从句的区别；4、as 与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；6、非限制性定语从句教学难点 1、关系代词、关系副词的基本用法；2、as引导的定语从句用法；3、关系代词that与which引导定语从句的区别；4、as 与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；6、非限制性定语从句教学过程一、复习预习1、对上节课课后作业中的问题进行查漏补缺；2、导入： e.g. She is a beautiful girl.She is

3、a beautiful girl who drives me crazy.二、知识讲解（一）定语从句定义1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。2、先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。3、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系代词的种类：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词：when, where, why 4、定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+ 定语从句。a、There she saw a wall of water that was quic

4、kly advancing towards her.b、 In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.c、Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame

5、 is an inspiring story.（二）定语从句分类限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连，缺少它则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。1、The man who gave me this book is Tom .(限定性)2、Tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性)（三）关系代词1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语。e.g. The man who is sitting under the t

6、ree is a German .2、Whom 指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who 。关系代词前有介词时不能省略。e.g. I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to .I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking .3、whose, 作定语，可指人或物e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead.They are the lazy students whose homework wasn

7、t handed in .4、that 指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略）e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us .This is a plant that grows in the north .5、which ,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north .常用 that不用 which的情况1、当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, o

8、ne等不定代词时，只用that。歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。Pay attention to everything that I do.2、当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用which。This is the best novel (that)I have read. 3、如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that。They were talking about the person and things that they remembered i

9、n school.4、当先行词被the only, the last, the way, the same等修饰时。This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.5、在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中，为了避免重复只用that。Which of the students that knows something about history.6、当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that.Ive got one that you might be interested in.常用 which，不用th

10、at的情况1、引导非限制性定语从句。Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。2、直接放在介词后作宾语时（介词+关系代词结构中）。Language is the most important tool without which people cant communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。（四）关系副词1、when 指时间（1）在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词（year ,day ,tim

11、e,week等） ,但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用that，which ，不能用whene.g. Ill never forget the time when (during which ) we worked on the farm.作状语I still remember the day that/which is his birthay.做主语He regretted the days that /which he spent on play . 做宾语（2）It is the first time that 句型中，that是习惯用法，不用when。e.g. It is the

12、first time that I have been to the Great Wall .2、where 指地点（ 1）指前面的地点，在从句中作状语。e.g. I know the factory where I worked twenty years ago .（ 2）指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用where，须用that/which .e.g. This is the house where he has lived for 20 years （作状语）.This is the house that he has lived in for 20 years .（作宾语）e.g. T

13、his is the shool in which /where we study every year.（作状语）This is the shool that /which we visited yesterday. （作宾语） . （ 3）当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词3、why 表示原因“the reason why .that. ”中，不能用because 代替that .e.g. Thats the reason why (for which ) he didnt come to school .The reason why he didnt attend

14、the meeting is that he was ill .但reason 在从句中做宾语时，关系代词用that/which ,可省略e.g. I dont believe the reason (which/that) he gave me .（五）“介词+关系代词 ”引导的定语从句当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词（ whom/which）”结构。但一些短语如look after 等中的介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关心代词之前。确定介词时：一是，依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配；二是，依据先行词的某种习惯搭配；三是，根据所要

15、表达的意思来确定。e.g. Thats the reason why (for which ) he didnt come to school .（六）非限定性定语从句关系代词在非限定性定语从句中的用法。指人做主语用who,作宾语用whom ，指地点用where，指时间when ，指物只用which，不能用that ，作定语用whose。e.g. He didnt see the film, which was very interesting .(不用that)（七）as 引导的限制性定语从句A . such .as 和 the sameas 的用法such .as： 像.一样的，像. 之类

16、；the sameas： 和.同样的 在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，such和same 作定语，修饰主语里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as 在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。Eg： We have found such materials as are used in their factory.( 在从句中作主语)I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out.（在从句中作宾语）The result is not the same as they had e

17、xpected.( 在从句中作宾语)重点比较 :the same as和 the same thatthe sameas:和.相同（代指同类事物）；the same that：和.相同（代指同一事物）两者都引导定语从句。as 从句中说明的名词与 the same 修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一个。Eg： He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.This is th

18、e same pen that I lost. =This is the pen that I lost.(指同一支笔 )This is the same (kind/type/sort) of pen as I lost.（指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支）B. .such as 的用法.such as 中的such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as 在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such。Eg： This book is not such as I expect.He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.相关链

19、接：such as 还有“诸如，例如，像 那样的”的意思，此时后面跟名词或名词短语等。Eg： They bought a lot of fruit, such as apples,oranges,etc.（八）as 引导的非限制性定语从句as 可以像which 一样引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。此外，有些as 引导的定语从句已成为固定用法，如：As we know As has been said before 如上所述As is known to all As is often the ca

20、se 像通常那样As is reported As was expected 正如预料的那样Eg： She is very careful, as her work shows.As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.重点比较：as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别1、as 和which 都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句置于主句之后时，as和which可以和互换。Eg： He didnt tell me any news, as/which upset me.2、Which引导的从句，代表的前面的整个主句时，不能放在主句之前。而as 引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，有时也可以放在主语和谓语之间。Eg： As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.= Talks between the two countries, as is reported in the newspapers, are making progress.As与 that的区别