e英语教程3Unit2课后答案.doc

1、Notes for Unit 2, Book ThreeI. Key Words and Useful Expressions (Text A)1 hold on (L. 5)1) survive in a difficult or dangerous situation; hang on 历经危难而不死；坚持住他们设法坚持住直到有救援到来。 They managed to hold on until help arrived.我觉得自己坚持不了多长时间了。 I dont think I can hold on much longer.2) (infml)(usu. in imperative

2、) wait and stop (通常用于祈使语句)等一下；停住停一停，让我喘口气。 Hold on a minute while I get my breath back.2. defy (L. 10) v 1) disobey or refuse to respect (sb., an authority, etc.) 违抗，反抗，藐视，蔑视（某人权威等）他们违抗父母的意愿而结婚了。 They defied their parents and got married.任何蔑视法律的人都会受到惩罚。 Anyone who defies the law will be published.2)

3、 be so difficult as to make (sth.) impossible 因为太困难而使 不可能这门用什么方法也打不开。 The door defied all attempts to open it.此问题无法解决。 The problem defied solution.3. given (L.13) 1) prep. taking (sth.) into account 考虑到（某事物）鉴于政府在解决失业问题上成绩不佳，他们在选举中获胜机会似乎不大。Given the governments record on unemployment, their chances o

4、f winning the election look poor.考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。Given that she is interested in children/Given her interest in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.2) adj. (esp. attrib) specified or stated (尤作定语)确定的；所述的；规定的他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤。 They were to meet at a given time and place.这项工

5、作必须在规定时间内完成。 This work must be done within the given time.4. crush (on sth.) n. (L.16) (infml) strong but typical brief liking (for sb.)喜爱 小学生往往很钦佩老师。 Schoolchildren often have/get crushes on teachers.乔治对玛丽有意思哦。 Gorge has a big crush on Mary.5. fancy (L.18) v. 1) (infml) have a desire or wish for (s

6、th.); want 渴望或希望得到（某事物）；想要我想来杯茶。 I fancy a cup of tea.你晚饭喜欢吃什么？ What do you fancy for supper?2) think or believe (sth.); imagine 想；以为；想象我看今天要下雨。 I fancy (that) its going to rain today.他好像听到身后有脚步声。 He fancied he heard footsteps behind him.短语: fancy oneself (as sth.) (infml) 自命不凡；自负6. blossom v. (L. 4

7、0) 1) (of a tree or shrub) produce flower（指树木）开花樱桃树今年开花早。 The cherry trees blossomed early this year.2) out (into sth.) (fig.) develop in a healthy or promising way; grow or develop (into sth.); flouris 健康的成长；长成或发展成（某事物）；兴盛莫扎特早在童年时已初露头角（成为作曲家）。Mozart blossomed (as a composer) very early in life.她已亭亭

8、玉立，成了美丽的少女。 She has blossomed (out)into a beautiful young lady.7. restraint n. (L.48) 1) C on sth./sb. thing that checks or controls; restriction 起遏制作用的事物；管制措施；约束力他勇于打破常规的约束。 He is never afraid to get off the restraints of convention.她再也无法忍受有限的收入对家庭开支预算的约束了。She began to find the restraints on the fa

9、mily budget of a limited income unbearable.2) U the state of being controlled or checked 抑制，遏制；管制；约束那孩子的感情一直受到压抑。The childs affections were kept under/suffered continual restraint.8. jump/climb/get on the bandwagon (L.55) joining others in doing sth. fashionable or likely to be successful 赶浪头；赶时髦；随大

10、流 低腰牛仔裤现在很流行，人人趋之若骛呢。Low-waist jeans are so popular noweveryone is jumping on the bandwagon.我想也不妨像人们说的赶赶时髦。I suppose I may as well climb on the bandwagon, as they say.背景文化：bandwagon 指的是有乐队的马车。在十九世纪的美国南方，参选人为了吸引选民注意，在选战进入紧锣密鼓阶段会安排车队造势，在车阵的最前方会有一辆上面有乐队表演的马车。拜票过程中，民众会跳上车表示支持，期待该候选人当选了，可从中捞到好处。后来，人们便将“跳

11、上乐队车”引申为“赶时髦”之意。9. via prep. (L.58) by way of (sth.); through 经由（某事物）；通过我可以通过内部通讯系统给他发个通知。I can send him a note via the internal mail system.他取道土耳其来到欧洲。 He came to Europe via Turkey.10. blame sth. on sb. / blame sb. (for sth.) (L.63-64) consider or say that sb. is responsible for sth. done (badly or

12、 wrongly) ornot done 责怪；责备；归咎于她把婚姻的触礁归咎于他。 She blamed the failure of their marriage on him.调查组指出火车司机应对事故负责。The inquiry blamed the train driver for the accident.11. acquire vt. (L.73) gain (sth.) by ones own ability, efforts or behavior （靠自己的能力努力或行为而）获得，得到（某事物）学好英语 acquire a good knowledge of English

13、学会喝白兰地酒 acquire a taste of brandy得到不诚实的名声 acquire a reputation of dishonesty我妹妹无法把她的书桌搬入新居，我就是这样才得到它的。My sister couldnt take her desk with her to the new house: that is how I came to acquire it.12. let sb. loose (on sth.) (L.83) allow sb. to deal with sth. in their own way （在某场合）让任意行动，给予自由把狗放开一会吧。 L

14、et the dog loose for a minute.只有当人们有足够训练之后，才允许他们在体制内自由发展。People are only let loose on the system once they have received sufficient training.13. forge vt. (L. 84) 1) shape (sth.) by heating it in a fire and hammering 锻造；打铁锻造剑铁链等 forge a sword, a chain, etc2) (fig) create (usu. a lasting relationship

15、)by means of much hard work （靠艰苦工作）建立（通常为长期关系）建立同盟联系联盟等 forge a bond, a link, an alliance, etc患难中建立起来的友谊 a friendship forged by adversity14. Given ,（L.13-14） 鉴于 的情况就这台发动机的情况来看，只要能发动它就算是奇迹了。Given the condition of the engine, it is a wonder that it even starts.鉴于他的名声，我无法确定我们是否应该聘用他。Given his reputatio

16、n, I am not sure we should hire him.15. there is much morethan (L.78-79) 决不仅仅意味着沙漠所意味的远远不只是沙子。 There is much more to a desert than sand.II. Key Words and Useful Expressions (Text B)1. moist (L. 2) 潮湿的；湿润的要记得按时给植物浇水以保持土壤湿润。Do remember to water the plant regularly to keep the soil moist.他妹妹双眼噙着泪水。 His

17、 sisters eyes became moist.派生词 moisten v. （使事物）潮湿，湿润moisture n. 潮湿，水气 moisturize v. （施化妆品）使（皮肤）滋润2. engaged adj. (L. 16) (usu. pred.)（指一人或两人）已订婚; 忙的，没空的她和彼得定了婚。 Shes engaged to Peter.我告诉他我在忙别的事。 I told him I was otherwise engaged.同源词： engaging adj. 吸引注意力的；迷人的3. fascinate vt. (L.23) 使（某人）着迷神魂颠倒或极感兴趣孩

18、子们让商店橱窗里的玩具给吸引住了。The children were fascinated by the toys in the shop window.我瞧着她，完全被她迷住了。 I watched her, fascinated.4. in the course of (L. 36) 在 期间新的铁路正在建设中。 The new railway is in the course of construction.在面试过程中中我的心跳得厉害。My heart beat thickly in the course of the interview.5. manipulate v. (L.38)

19、 熟练控制或操纵（某事物）原始人很快就学会了使用工具。Primitive man quickly learned how to manipulate tools.你知道如何使用计算机吗? Do you know how to manipulate a computer? 6. agonizing adj. (L.46) 使人痛苦的折磨人的疼痛 an agonizing pain恼人的耽搁 an agonizing delay痛苦的决定 an agonizing decision所有中国人无不殷切盼望早日结束这种令人痛心的局面。All the Chinese people are yearnin

20、g for an early end to this agonizing situation同源词： agonize v. （对某事物）极度忧虑或担心 agonized a. 表示痛苦的7. clip vt. (L.58) （用剪刀）剪（某物）；（尤指）剪短，修剪为参加狗展把狗的毛剪短了。 The dogs fur was clipped short for the show.她将旧的纪录缩短了近两秒。 She clipped nearly two seconds off the old record.8. file vt. (L. 58) 用锉切削（某物）她在很仔细地锉指甲。 She is

21、filing her finger-nails with great care.发动机的号码被锉掉了。 The engine numbers were filed away.9. yield vi. (L. 72) 屈服，让步；（对某人/ 某事物）不再反对该城受长期围困而被迫弃守。 The town was forced to yield after a long siege.她禁不住诱惑，又吃了一块巧克力。She yielded to temptation and had another chocolate.10. in vain (L. 74) 结果地，徒然; 无效果的，无用的昨晚我怎么也

22、睡不着。 I tried in vain to sleep last nignt. 我们的工作全都白干了。 All our work was in vain.III. Keys to the ExercisesEnhance Your Language AwarenessWORDS IN ACTIONWorking with Words and Expressions1. 1) curled 2) minimum 3) clip 4) yielded 5) Given6) awaiting 7) fascinated 8) affection 9) interact 10) haste11)

23、harden 12) grief 13) defies 14) glance 15) presence16) lasting 17) via 18) acquire 19) manipulate 20) restraints2. 1) letloose on 2) fit into 3) hold on 4) state of affairs5) in the course of 6) in vain 7) buildon 8) In short9) grow used to 10) blameon 11) reached for 12) give and takeIncreasing You

24、r Word Power1. 1) overcoat 2) overhead 3) overjoyed 4) overslept5) overweight 6) overdue 7) overtime 8) overworking2. 1) crush 2) attribtes 3) fancy 4) bubbled 5) grasp6) drizzling 7) labeling 8) yield3. 1) We are short of hands.2) I still have some money in hand.3) Give me a hand with this box, ple

25、ase.4) I often keep a dictionary at hand.5) The football fans were out of hand.6) Hand out the pencils to everyone in the class.7) This ring was handed down to me by my grandmother.8) Times up. Please hand in your test papers.9) Please hand on the magazine to your roommates.10) Im afraid I cant help

26、 you. Im a green hand.GRAMMAR REVIEW1. 1) Sitting on the stairs was / On the stairs was sitting2) Over the wall came / flew3) Round the corner was4) Then finally came5) Under the table was lying6) At / On the top of (On top of) the hill stood2. 1) The beaver chews down trees to get food and material

27、 to build its home with.2) Do your parents think Tom is a nice boy to go out with?3) The goals for which he has fought all his life seem unimportant to him now.4) None.5) The essay starts by asking a question, to which the author then gives a positive answer.CLOZE1. 1) haste 2) state of affairs 3) d

28、istinguished 4) meeting of minds 5) blossom6) inner charm 7) intimacy 8) emotion 9) acquiring 10) ideals 11) admiration12) lasting 13) affection 14) forge 15) honor 16) overwhelmingTRANSLATION1）无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。（maximum; minimum）In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love,

29、you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum.2）我把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人。（build on; sincerity）I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all.3）我们带母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但一切努力都是徒劳的。母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病（in vain）We took Mother

30、to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts werein vain; she failed to survive the disease.4）情人节（Valentines Day）是个一年一度在 2 月 14 日庆祝的节日，一个向自己心仪的对象表达爱意的好日子。（affection）Valendines Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect dayto express love to the object of your / one

31、s affection.5. 在信息时代，通过电子邮件方式跟远方的朋友交流几乎可以是同步的（simultaneous）。（era; via）In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous.6）爱情需要时间，因为只有慢慢习惯和学会欣赏对方才会产生出爱情。（grow used to; forge）Love takes time, for it is not forged until you have grown used to

32、 the others company and learned to appreciate the other.Paragraph TransltionAfter dinner, we all sat around the hearth. Aunt Susan was still in the grief of losing Uncle Robert. In her soft voice she told us about their past years. UncleRobert joined the army shortly after they were engaged. Given t

33、he critical situation at the time when lots of army men didnt return alive, you can imaginehow much overjoyed Aunt Susan was to see Uncle Robert come back safe and sound from the European battlefield. Then they got married and brought upfive children. For all those years, their affection for each ot

34、her grew stronger in the course of overcoming difficulties and hardships in life. I was fascinated by Aunt Susans story, which was totally different from my ideal of love. Theypracticed giving and sharing in their daily life instead of pursuing passion andromance. Amazingly, such love lasted through

35、 their whole life.IV. Writing1. Writing SkillHow to write a letter of applicationThe purpose of a letter of application is to help the applicant obtain the job heis interested in. It should state clearly what position the applicant wants, andshould tell what his abilities are what he has to offer. I

36、t should provide a quick, clear picture of the applicants qualifications, accomplishment and aims. It should present the applicant to possible employors in the best light.Basic structureThe opening, in which you Explain how you heard about the vacancy; Specify the job you are seeking; Introduce your

37、self.The sales pitch, in which youFirst say something about yourself that will make your reader want to go on reading;Then answer the question “why you” of all the applications or resumes they have received by stating your accomplishments and abilities; then tell them you genuinely want to work for

38、the company/organization, etc.The call for action, in which you Suggest what you will do to follow up; Request an interview.The closing, in which you end the letter in a business-like manner by Using “sincerely (yours)”.2. Useful expressions1) Applications for entry to a collegeI am writing to as wh

39、ether you could send me some information about your college and for the application formsI am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to do graduate study in our university2) Application for jobsI see from your advertisement in yesterdays China Daily thatI am interested in the po

40、st/I should like to apply for the post of which you advertised in yesterdays China DailyI should very much like to be considered for the post of which was advertised inI am looking for a job as, and would be grateful if you would consider me for such a post in your firm.Thank you for your time and c

41、onsideration.I can come for an interview at any time convenient to you.I look forward to your early reply/the interview.I look forward to hearing from you and I do hope I shall have the opportunity of an interview.3. Writing Practice: Learn to write an application letter from the exampleDirections:

42、You want to apply for the following job: waiter/waitress required for evening work.Write a letter to Mr. Henry (the boss) to:1) show your interest in the position,2) explain why you would be suitable for the job,3) look forward to the possible interview with him.Do not sign your own name at the end

43、of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Donot write the address.SampleDear Mr. Henry,I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress. Enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous work experience and qualifications.First, not only do

44、my qualifications and work experience make me a perfect candidate for the job, my personality is well suited to working as a waitress. Second, I am a very friendly person who can quickly establish rapport with people of all ages. Last, the fast-paced environment of waiting on tables suites me well b

45、ecause I thrive on working under pressure. I would like to meet with you at your earliest convenience, to discuss the possibility of working at your restaurant. Thank you for your consideration of my application. I look forward to meeting you in the near future.Yours sincerely,Li Ming4. Write a letter as required