小学英语语法总复习.doc

1、小学英语语法总复习一、时态1一般现在时 （1 ）表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用 “usually 通常, often 常常, every每, sometimes有时，always 总是,”等词。（2 ）基本结构：I / You / We / They He / She / It肯定句 动词原形 动词第三人称单数形式否定句 dont + 动原 doesnt + 动原一般疑问句(Yes/No) Do ? Yes, I do. Does(动词原形)?No,she doesnt.特殊疑问句 What do ? How does she(动词原形)?(3) 动词第三人称单数形式（同名词单数变成复数方法

2、相同）1 一般情况 +s 如：walk-walks2. 辅音字母+y 结尾 去 y +ies fly-flies3. 结尾是 s, x， sh, ch +es watch-watches4. 特殊的 do-does ,have-has, go-goes2现在进行时,（1 ）表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now 现在, look 看，linsen 听”.（2 ）基本形式： be + 动词 ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating. 1 .comWhat are y

3、ou doing? Is he reading?（3 ）动词的现在分词形式（动词+ing ）一般情况 +ing walkwalking结尾是不发音的 e -e + ing comecoming重读闭音节 双写最后一个字母+ingrun-runningswim-swimming3. 一般过去时（1 ） 表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用 “last 上一个, just now 刚才, a moment ago 刚才，yesterday 昨天”等词。（2 ） be 动词的过去式: am/iswas arewere （3 ）过去式基本结构肯定句（Positive） 动词过去式 I went shoppi

4、ng last night.否定句(Negative) Didnt + 动词原形 I didnt go shopping last night.一般疑问句(Yes/No) Did + 动词原形? Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑问句(wh-) What did+ 动词原形 ? What did you do last night?（4 ）词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：一般动词 +ed planted,watered,climbed以不发音的 e 结尾 +d liked辅音字母加 y 结尾 -y+ ied studystudied, cry- cried重读

5、闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个字母+edstop stoppedplan - planned不规则动词的变化：原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式sweep swept teach taught have had go wentkeep kept think thought do did find foundsleep slept buy bought eat ate say saidfeel felt drink drank is/am was take tookread read give gave are were mean meantput put si

6、ng sang drive drove meet metcut cut begin began speak spoke make madelet let ring rang write wrote see sawfly flew run ran ride rode come camedraw drew sit sat hear heard tell toldgrow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew4一般将来时一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与 tomorrow, next Sunday 等时间状语连用。结构：be go

7、ing to +动词原形或 will +动词原形例如：Im going to visit my grandpa next week.二、人称代词主格 I we you he she it they宾格 me us you him her it them形容词性物主代词 my our your his her its their名词性物主代词 mine ours yours his hers its theirs（注：介词，动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。 ）三、可数名词的复数形式1.一般名词： + s a book books2.辅音字母加 y 结尾： - y+ ies a s

8、torystories3.以 s, x，sh, ch ，结尾： + es a glassglasses；a watch-watches4.以 f 或 fe 结尾： - f 或 fe 变为 ves a knife knives a shelf-shelves5.特殊的名词复数man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japane

9、se-Japanese四、不可数名词(没有复数形式 )bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee 五、缩略形式Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he is /he has(got)its = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not didnt=did not werent=were not wasnt=was not lets=let us Ill=I will六、a. an .the 的用法1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音：a book, a pea

10、ch， a “U”单词的第一个读音是元音读音：an egg， an hour， an “F” 2.the 要注意的：球类前面不加 the，乐器前面要加 the，序数词前面要加 the。七、介词1表示方位：on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under2表示时间：（1 ） at : 几点前面用 at 如：at six oclock, 没有 day 的节日前用 at 如 ：at Christmas, 固定词组 at the weekends ，at night（2 ） on: 星期前用 on 如：on M

11、onday ，日期前用 on 如：on the 15th of July 带有 Day 的节日前用 on 如： on National Day（3 ） in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用 in：in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in the evening ，月份前用 in ，如 in December ，季节前用 in ，如 winter八、基数词变成序数词的方法1. 直接在基数词词尾加上 th。如：seventh 第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第十三， 2.以 y结尾的基数词，变 y 为 i，再加上 eth。如：twentieth 第二十。3.不

12、规则的。如：first 第一, second 第二， third 第三，fifth 第五， eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如 twenty-first 第二十一。九、some /any 的用法1.肯定句中用 some：I have some toys in my bedroom.2.问句和否定句中用 ang：Do you have any brothers or sisters?He hasnt got any pencils in his pencil-case.3.询问想要什么时用 some：Would you

13、 like some juice? Can I have some stamps?十、 there be 结构1.肯定句（有）： There is +单数或不可数名词There are +复数注：遵循就近原则，看靠 there be 最近的2.一般疑问句（有吗？）:Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt.Are there? Yes, there are. /No, there arent.3.否定句（没有）： There isnt . There arent.4.there be 句型与 have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某

14、物（或人） ；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。十一、祈使句Sit down pleaseDont sit down, please.Lets go to the park.（注：祈使句中动词用原形）十二、(情态) 动词 can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用动词原形。1. I / He / She / They can sing. May I come in? I must go now.2. You should be quiet in the library.3. Youll be good friends. w W w .X k b 1.c O m十三

15、、形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。 。2形容词加 er 的规则：一般在词尾加 er ；以字母 e 结尾，加 r ；以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 er ；以“ 辅音字母+y”结尾，先把 y 变 i，再加 er 。3不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副词的比较级 X|k | B| 1 . c |O |m1形容词与副词的区别 (有 be 用形，有形用 be；有动用副，有副用

16、动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或 be 动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化： well-better, far-farther)十四、特殊疑问句What are you doing？ Im reading.What is that? Its a book.What (问什么事, 什么物或什么工作) hat is she?(Whats her job?) Shes a nurse.What colour(问颜色 ) What colour is your coat? Its red.What time（时间） What t

17、ime is it?Whats the time?Its seven.When do you get up? I get up at six thirty.when(什么时候) When is your birthday? Its on the 21st of December.Which（哪一个） Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?The yellow is mine.Who（谁） Who is the man with a big nose? Hes my uncle.Whose（谁的） Whose bag is it

18、? Whose is this bag?Its his bag.Where（哪里） Where is my ball pen? Its under the book.Why（为什么） Why do you like summer? I like summer becauseHow many （多少） How many books are there in the school bag?There are four books in the school bag.How old （几岁） How old is the young man? Hes nineteen.How much（多少钱） How much is the toy bear? Its eleven yuan.How （怎么样） How do you go to school everyday? I go to school by car.新课 标第 一 网