企业诚信和公共利益：对行业道德和领导阶层的关系方法论【外文翻译】.doc

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24、L,ORGANIZATIONAL,SOCIALANDNATURALEACHOFTHESEDIMENSIONSCANEITHERBLOCKORENABLECORPORATEINTEGRITYTHECHALLENGEONTHECULTURALLEVELISTOBEOPENTODIFFERENTCULTURESBECAUSEINTEGRITYASWHOLENESSREQUIRESUSTOINCLUDEOTHERCULTURESONTHEINTERPERSONALLEVEL,THECHALLENGEISTOACKNOWLEDGETHEMULTIPLERELATIONSHIPSTHATONEBRINGS

25、TOWORKASWELLASTHERELATIONSHIPSDEVELOPEDATWORKONTHEORGANIZATIONALLEVEL,INTEGRITYREQUIRESTHATCORPORATIONSHAVEAWORTHWHILEPURPOSETHATCANBEARELIABLEGUIDEFORTHEIRDECISIONSACORPORATIONSSOCIALCHALLENGEISFORCORPORATIONSTODEVELOPCOOPERATIVERELATIONSHIPSWITHOTHERPRIVATEANDGOVERNMENTAGENCIESWESAWTHISDIMENSIONEA

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28、DIMENSIONOFCORPORATEINTEGRITYTHISISTHEDIMENSIONTHATLOOKSATTHECONVERSATIONSAMONGWORKERSANDMANAGERSINTERMSOFRELATIONALAWARENESSINTERPERSONALRELATIONALAWARENESSINTEGRITYASWHOLENESSREQUIRESUSTOCONSIDERTHATWORKRELATIONSHIPSARENOTLIMITEDTORELATIONSHIPSATWORK,BUTALSOMUSTINCLUDETHEFACTTHATWORKERSAREALSOMEMB

29、ERSOFFAMILIESANDMEMBERSOFCIVILSOCIETYJUSTASCORPORATIONSARENOTISOLATEDENTITIESBUTAREPARTSOFLARGERSYSTEMS,SOALSOAREWORKERSMEMBERSOFOTHERCOMMUNITIESTHATMUSTBERECOGNIZED,ESPECIALLYTHECOMMUNITIESOFFAMILYANDCIVICLIFEGIVENTHISRELATIONALAWARENESS,WHATWOULDINTEGRITYREQUIREWEALREADYKNOWTHATINTERPERSONALRELATI

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41、ERNEWWAYSTOSUPPORTANDTOCELEBRATETHEWORKOFBUSINESSLEADERSANDOTHERCIVICLEADERSWHOFINDTHEIRINTEGRITYINTHEINTEGRITYOFTHEIRORGANIZATIONS译文企业诚信和公共利益对行业道德和领导阶层的关系方法论本文从普通民众的角度阐述了企业诚信和领导方式的问题。这意味着企业被认为是大众社会的一份子，企业成员被认为是普通民众的一部分，企业的决策也由社会规范来指导。从这个角度来说，企业诚信要求在工作上组人际关系的沟通模式表现出社会规范上的互惠互利以及对安全和参与权需要所作出的反应。因为领导者是

42、企业关系的成员，他们的诚信水平将会由这些人际关系以及他们所付出的努力来决定。我认为企业诚信和公共利益有很强烈的一致性，由此我们有可能集中精力来研究以下问题企业领导能否拥有良好的诚信水平如果企业缺乏诚信。换句话说，企业诚信水平和其领导者的诚信水平的关系是什么。从普通民众的角度经济发展与和谐社会的关系这个问题的答案提出了什么是正确的经济发展与和谐社会的关系。占优势的观点认为这两者是属于不同的范畴的，它们各有自己的规则和价值标准。我想建议一个不同的观点，也就是经济是存在于社会环境的大背景下的。一次前后关系上的分析调查表明，我认出了经济市场对各种各样社会资本以及法律的依赖性。企业被嵌入到更广大的系统和

43、经济被嵌入到社会环境下的画面好像是对现实社会的一个真实写照。我会说这个画面比说两者属于不同范畴更来的充分。这也让我们开始审视在普通民众的角度下企业和周围系统的关系。我想说的是我们是以平民的身份开始道德行为的，我们把在工作中碰到的人当做平民，企业当做社会的一份子。这个普通民众的观点和背景可以被用来克服目前商业道德的私有化和把道德规范退回到政治领域。“伦理道德的私有化”我是指道德性的项目是建立在把商业活动和政治活动或者公共事业分离的基础上的。如果商业道德能够变为公众道德，那就能表达出亚里士多德的一个理论道德归属于政治。尽管亚里士多德已经是现代道德，特别是良好道德的主要源头，但他对道德归属于政治的信

44、仰已被世人遗忘。对亚里士多德和一般的希腊人来说，在人类社会之外是不可能品德高尚的。正如MARTINOSWALD曾评论亚里士多德说，“隐士是没有能力品行善良的”（OSWALD,1962,PXXIV）这并不说我们就一定要遵守和古典希腊社会一样的社会德行。其实一套全新的社会道德会需要有一些有关于什么样的社会标准才是合适的长期的会谈。我的清单里有如下内容正直诚信经营好关系的全体性互惠互利相互的给予和付出敞开对话开放性的会谈公正公平平等的对待其他人自由自主为自身发展能获取资源关心关爱与他人团结一致和谐共处一个井然有序并安全的社会市场经济能够为这些标准负起责任来么毫无疑问，还有其他价值观和标准，例如属于市

45、场经济的原材料生产力或效率。不过，这类标准并不一定会和社会标准相违背。一个更加严肃的问题是，市场经济是否有它自己的规则能优先于社会标准。市场竞争和社会准则的关系是什么要回答这个问题，让我设想一下在连续统一的环境下的各类竞争，会有一边是思想的竞争一边是战争的竞争。在城市环境下，不同思想之间的冲突将通过进行公众演说让最具说服力的论点获胜或至少获得冲突中多数派的支持。在战争中，冲突是由暴力和军事力量来解决的。我想说商业活动不是体育运动。与体育运动不同，所有市场的参与者并没有同意暂停社会规范。十分对立的是，人们还依赖于这些规范。市场所在地和体育竞技场是不同的。商业交易应该由社会准则来指导，包括互惠互利

46、和诚信正直的准则。另外，准则并不会因为从广场到市场所在地的变化而改变，所以当国民去工作的时候也不能遗忘他们的权利和责任。商业从另一角度来说，不能按它自己的规则去运转而是要遵守民权社会的准则。从普通民众的角度使我想起了有关企业社会责任的另一商业案例，也就是有关企业诚信的市民案例。差异并不是不符合逻辑的。市民案例为所有参与的市民提供一个平台企业内部人员与外部人员。这同时也克服了公民权和道德的私有化，在我们的视野中允许我们在商业道德中也包括市民领域。最后，作为一种社会道德，商业道德能保护好企业诚信，文明社会的诚信还有民主团体。企业道德换句话来说可以加入到社会系统发展的挑战中来，提升其他领域的诚信水平

47、。从这个普通民众的角度来说，接下来我们现在可以结束对企业诚信的描述，来看看领导者是否能够在缺乏诚信气氛的企业中拥有诚信。企业诚信的局面我们开始通过对企业作为一种组织的理解，由进行中的口头的或非口头的交流方式组成。这是很重要的因为企业文化将会依赖于这些交流方式的素质高低。有什么说了没有做；有什么说了什么没有说；有谁哪些被包括了哪些没有被包括；有哪些问题被注意到了哪些没有；所有这些选择将决定任何企业的诚信水平。最普遍的诚信概念是说了哪些和做了哪些的关系，或者是我们所说的语言和行动的一致性。设想一下在某一刻某个诚实守信的人处在完全无意识的状态，他不知道自己有如此的优点（诚实守信），但认为所有人都已有

48、和他类似的机会。那他的诚信在这里是不是没有受到其他人思想的打扰同时坚定不摇的遵守从而成为经得起考验的原则和标准帮助或者阻止他在更大社交或者经济范围内对他和其他人的关系变得有意识如果诚信意味着完全，同时如果某个特定的一致性阻止某人察觉到他自身的全部情况，那一致性实际上阻止了诚信的创造，所以关系性的意识是企业诚信的第二个方面。任何完整的企业诚信的局面的第三部分是追求有价值的目标。把诚信归于某个机构或者团体意味着它们的努力是值得称赞的。它们是能胜任某些优良品质的。组织机构设计成来利用他人，剥削弱者或者上了年纪的人。它们将不会因为有诚信而受到赞扬，尽管它们行动是前后一致的。一致性是远远不够的；诚信也要

49、求做一些有益的事。这些诚信多种多样的意义真的不是相互对立的，但其实这些意义在一起给了我们一套标准不仅仅是为了评估任何企业的诚信水平也是为了提高诚信水平。在企业生活中有五个不同的方面是受这样的评估和改善支配的文化上，人机关系上，组织上的，社会上的和自然上的。每个方面不是阻止企业诚信就是使企业诚信成为可能。在文化上的挑战是要对不同的文化敞开门户因为诚信作为一个整体要求我们包容其他文化。在人机关系上，挑战就是承认某个人带入到工作中的多重关系以及在工作中发展出来的关系。在组织机构上，诚信要求企业拥有有价值的目标来成为它们决策的可靠指导。一个企业的社会方面的挑战是企业要发展与其他私人和政府机关的合作关系。我们更早的意识到了这个方面当我们在观察汽车公司的社会背景时。最后，第五个挑战要求企业包含到自然环境中，这样整个自然界，人类和非人类社区在一起共同兴旺发达。所以一张完整的企业诚信的画面是由语言和非语言的交流方式组成的。这些交流方式对知晓人类关系的争执和分歧是完全开放的，由有价值的目标来指导的，从事在社会企业中的，并提升了所有自然界社区的兴旺繁荣。要达到那样的要求需要明智和有效率的领导者。要求领导者有诚信的品质。要了解这意味着什么，我们需要更详细的阐明企业诚信的人际关系方面。这方面从关系性的觉悟角度注视着工人和经理之间的交流会谈