形容词副词的比较级和最高级变化规则+练习题.doc

1、1形容词（adj ）和副词（adv）1、形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。2、有关形容词的用法辨析： interested 与 interesting 的区别：interesting 指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语,而 interested 则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的 ”,只能作表语。如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(这本书很有趣,你

2、会真正获得享受) / I am interested in science.(我对自然科学感兴趣) good 与 well：表示“ 好”时,作定语或表语用 good,作状语用 well；表示“(身体 )好” 时用 well.如： Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好学习 ,天天向上) / -How are you?I am very well.(你好吗？我很好。) too much 与 much too：too much 表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量；much t

3、oo 表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。如：I am full because I have had too much rice.(我饱了,因为我吃了太多的米饭) / That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太贵了 )lonely 与 alone：lonely 是表示心理活动的形容词 ,意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语；alone 的意思是：“独自的,单独的 ”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的 alone 可作状语)。如：He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.(他一人独住,但是并不感到孤独 )/ He is a

4、 lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.(他是个孤独的人,你要和他相处好实在不易) the poor(穷人们 ) / the rich(富人们)等用法：“the+形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物,复数含义。如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我们应该尽力帮助穷人们) / The rich never know how the poor are living.(有钱人哪知穷人怎么过日子)3、副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词

5、。4、副词的分类：(见下表)时 间 副 词 频度副 词 地点/方位副 词 程度副词 方式副 词 疑问/连接副 词 其他副词today, tomorrow, once, here, there, very, too, well, how, too, also, yesterday, now, twice,home, below, enough, hard, where, nor, so, then, early, late, always, anywhere, rather, quite, alone, when, as, on,off,once, soon, just, usually,abo

6、ve, outside, how, so, fast, why, either,tonight, long, often, in, inside, out, much, just, together, whether yes, no,25、有关副词的重要注释： asas常构成一些词组：as soon as(一旦 就), as well as(同样),as+形容词/副词+as possible(尽可能地)。如： Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。 )/ Miss Gao hurried to the scho

7、ol gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。)注释 “as long / much as + 名词”可以表示“ 长达/多达”的含义。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花费高达 50 万元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞) as long as two weeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。) too、 also、 either、 nor 的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子谓

8、语动词之前；either(“也”) 用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开；nor(“也不”)用于倒装句句首；如：Are you American,too?(你也是美国人吗？)/ He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。) / He didnt watch the football game. Nor did I.(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。 )/ You can also find the market is very good.(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。) sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、 some

9、 time 的用法：sometimes(有时 )用于一般现在时、 sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、some times(数次)表示次数、some time(一些时间 )表示一段时间。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去)/ I will stay here some time.(我会在这儿呆些时候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。 ) how、 what 用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how,对人或事物(可能含有形容词作

10、修饰语 )进行感叹用 what. 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天气真好！) / How difficult (the problem is)!(问题)真难呀！) already、 yet 的用法：在完成时中 ,already 一般用于肯定句,yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Have you done it already?(你已经做好了？) / I have not had my breakfast yet.(我还没有吃早饭呢。) hard 与 hardly 的用法：hard 作为副词意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly 是否定词,意思是：“几

11、乎不”,一般与情态动词 can/could 连用。如：They study English very hard.(他们英语学得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地already, yet, before,sometimes,back, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly,however, etc.not, neitherago, later, ever since never,away, off, far,almost, hardly, -ly 结尾 关系副词

12、 maybe,after, whenever(seldom),near, nearby,as long as等, 的副词 where, perhaps,first, someday, ever, wherever even, all, why, how certainly,sometime, last, everywhere, a little, a bit when, 3吐痰) how 的几个短语： how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问； how soon“多久以后”, 用于将来时态； how long“多久” ,用于过去时、完成时或其他时态； how

13、 many times“多少次”,用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问； how much“多么,多少”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。如：How long have you been like this?(你这样已经多久了？ )/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次脸？) too.to.与 so.that.的问题：副词 too/so 后面跟形容词或副词,to 后面跟动词,that 后面跟从句。Too.to. (“太. 以致不”)是否定的结构,用于简单句；so.that. (“如此以致” )是肯定结构,用于复合句。如：T

14、he child is too young to join the army.(这孩子年龄太小还不能参军)/ He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.(他这么强壮,搬得动那个重箱子。) 既是形容词也是副词的单词有：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight 等等。如：It was a long holiday.(那是个长假)/ He stayed there very l

15、ong.(他在那儿呆了好久)/ Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就会找到办法 )/ He is a very hard(难对付的 ) person.(他是个难玩的家伙 )6：形容词比较级最高级的变化规律：概述：大多数形容词和副词有三个级：原级（即原形） 、比较级和最高级。形容词和副词按变化可以分为规则形容词词和副词和不规则形容词词和副词规则 I.形容词词和副词的比较级和最高级变化规则如下：一所有单音节和部分双音节如何变比较级和最高级1 一般在词末尾加 er 变比较级，加 est 变最高级strong stronger -strongest sm

16、all-smaller-smallest hardharder hardest fastfaster fastest2 如果以 e 结尾，只加 r 和 stnice-nicer-nicest fine-finer-finest 3 以重读闭音节，末尾只有 一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加 er 和 estsad-sadder- saddest big-bigger-biggest hot-hotter -hottest 4 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，把 y 变成 i，再加 er 和 est，angry-angrier-angriest earlyearlier earliest hu

17、ngry-hungrier-hungriest但是，开放类副词即形容词加 ly 结尾变成的副词加 more 或 most.如quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietlyslowlymore slowlymost slowly注：early 中的 ly 不是后缀，故把 y 变 i 再加 er 和 est二大部分双音节和所有多音节词都在其前面加 more 变比较级，加 most 变最高级different -more different -most differentbeautiful-more beauti

18、ful-the most beautiful4expensive-more expensive-the most expensive但是，以形容前缀 un 结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy,untidy，我们可以说：unhappierunhappiest, untidieruntidiest二、比较级和最高级的用法1 “not as (so) 原级 as” 表示“与不一样” 。They didnt pick so/as many apples as the farmers did. 他们摘的苹果不如农民(摘的)多。2 “比较级 than” 表示 “ 比更” 。A modern

19、 train is much faster than a car. 现代的火车比轿车快多了。3 “比较级 比较级” 表示“越来越” 。The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越暖和了。4 “the 比较级， the 比较级” 表示“越，越” 。 The harder you try, the greater your progress is. 你越是努力，进步就越大。5 “the 最高级 比较范围” 表示 “(三者或三者以上) 最” 。The Changjiang River is the longest in China.长江是中国最长的河流

20、。注意： 1形容词最高级前必须加定冠词 the, 但副词最高级前可以加也可以不加。2much, a lot, even 等可以用来修饰比较级。It is much colder today than yesterday. 今天比昨天冷多了。三，不规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级51_ careful you are, _mistakes you ll make.A. More; fewer B. The more; the lessC. More; less D. The less; the more2 Now telephones are very popular and they are

21、much _ than before.A. cheap B. cheaperC. cheapest D. the cheapest3 Jimmy is very helpful. I stay with him, I like him.A. The more; the most B. The most; the mostC. The more; the more D. The most; the more4The more careful you are, _mistakes youll make.A. fewer B. lessC. the fewer D. the less5-What d

22、o you think of the dress?- Wonderful. I dont think I can find a _one.A. good B. betterC. bad D. worst6Beijing is bigger than _in Anhui.A. any cities B. any other cityC. the other cities D. any city7The _ you drive, the _ you will be.A. more carful, safer B. most careful, safestC. more carefully, saf

23、er D. most carefully, safest8Hush! The baby is sleeping, please talk _than usual or you may wake him up.A. quiet B. quietlyC. most quiet D. more quietly9Hush! The baby is sleeping, please talk _than usual or you may wake him up.A. quiet B. quietlyC. most quiet D. more quietly10Youre standing too nea

24、r to the TV. Can you move a little _ ?-OK, Mum. Is it all right here?A. faster B. slowerC. farther D. nearer11 When you do your exam, please read every sentence carefully. _ you are, _ mistakes youll make.A. The more carefully, the fewer B. The more careful, the lessC. The more carefully, the less D

25、. The more careful, the fewer12Suzhou is becoming these years.A. beautifuler and beautifulerB. more and more beautifulC. the most and most beautiful6D. beautifulest13-Remember this, children. _careful you are,_mistakes you will make.-We know,Mr. Li.A. The more;the more B.The more; the lessC. The mor

26、e; the fewer D. The less;the less14 Mr Li asks us to remember that _ careful we are, _ mistakes we will make.A. the more, the fewer B. the fewer, the moreC. the more, the more D. the less, the fewer15 Jim works _ than _ in his class.A. more hardly, any student B. more hardly, any other studentC. har

27、der, any other student D. harder, the other student二、完形填空The Americans were getting ready to send their first man to the moon, an old Irishman (爱尔兰人) was _ _ them on TV in a hotel room. There was an Englishman in the room_ . And he said to the Irishman, “The Americans are very _ _, arent they? They

28、are going to send some men to the moon. Its a very _ way from our world.” “Oh, thats _ ,”the Irishman answered quickly.” “The Irishman are going to send some men to the sun in months _ _. Thats much _ away than the moon, you know. “The Englishman was very _ when he heard this. “Oh, yes it is,” he sa

29、id, “But the sun is too _ for people to visit.”The Irishman laughed and answered, “Well, the Irish are clever, too, you know. We _ go to the sun during the day, of course. Well go there during the night.”16A. reading B. watching C. making D. mending17A. too B. also C. of course D. only18A. kind B. bad C. clever D. good19A. short B. long C. far D. near20A. nothing B. all C. wrong D. great21A. later B. ago C. long ago D. time22A. far B. never C. farther D. longer23A. angry B. surprised C. glad D. sorry24A. warm B. big C. cold D. hot25A. dont B. wont C. want to D. must