中考英语_简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题.doc

1、1简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代

2、词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it 作形式主

3、语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。1)简单谓语： We study for the people. 2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如 be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（

4、分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.How many dictionaries do you

5、 have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It began to rain.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（ that） he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink. 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾

6、语。如： We make him our monitor(班长).5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh（新鲜的） air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in

7、 the lab in good order.（介词短语）6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing（发展中） country; America is a developed（发达） country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school

8、.（名词）2His progress（进步）in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor（班长） is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）He is reading an article(文章) about how to learn English.（介词短语）7、状语: 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in London. Light travels most quickly

9、.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is sorry to trouble(麻烦 ) you.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Once（一旦 0 you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I

10、shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）S

11、he works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6. His wish is

12、to become a scientist.7. Hewants to finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.9. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It is our duty to keep our classroom cl

13、ean and tidy.14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet.简单句的五种基本句型英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S 十 V 主谓结构 主语 不及物动词S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构 主语 连系动词 表语S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构 主语 及物动词 宾语S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构 判断类型和句子成分

14、：She came She likes English. She is happyThe teacher asked me to read the passage. She bought a book for me. She gave John a book My head aches.She makes her mother angry The sun was shining. The moon rose. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。3The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。 Everything looks dif

15、ferent. 一切看来都不同了。He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。 His face turned red. 他的脸红了。Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？ He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。He bought you a dictionary. She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。I

16、showed him my pictures. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。 What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？The children are playing happily. The Greens enjoy living in China. He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。 The apple pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。基本句型一： S 十

17、 V 主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise,1). 学生们学习很努力。_基本句型二: S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎)A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound

18、, keep, remain, 等等。8) We should _ _ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_.B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：10) Spring comes. It is _. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。11) Dont have the food. _.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。基本句型三: S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构13) 我昨天看了一部电影。_.16）They have _ _ _ of the children这些

19、孩子他们照看得很好。基本句型四: S 十 V 十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构 间接宾语前需要加 to 的常用动词有： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write 等。 间接宾语前需要加 for 的常用动词有： buy, choose, make, order, paint, play(演奏)， sing,等。 18）Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生

20、日礼物。19) The old man _ _ _ _ _ in the Long March.(正在给孩子们讲故事)这种句型还可转换为： 动词 直接宾语 for/ to sb. 20) Please show me your picture. =Please _ _ _ _ _. 请把你的画给我看一下。 I _ _the salt. = I _the salt _ _. 我把书递给他。 基本句型五: S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call（叫）, choose（选）

21、, find（发现）, make, name, (命名)22）Keep _, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。23）They painted _ _ _. 他们把门漆成绿色。 We must _ _ _ _. 我们必须保持我们的学校洁。 He asked me _ _ _ soon. 他要我早点回来。24）我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。_.注意：动词 have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch 等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：25）The boss _ _ _ all day. (迫使他劳动) We saw _ _ _. (他出

22、去)。考点突破训练1、I am sorry to have kept you_A to wait B wait C waited D waiting2、 I felt somebody _ meA touch B touched C to touch D touches43、 He taught me _ speak EnglishA how should B how C how can I D how to 4、 I shall make your dream _A coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true5、 He told

23、_ homeA us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go 6、 I think _ a good habit to get up earlyA this B it C that D its7、 Roses in bloom smell _A sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness( )1. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold( ) 2. The apple

24、 tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 3. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )4. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )5.I think _necessary（必要的） to learn English well.A. its B. it C. t

25、hat D. that is( ) 6. The dog _ mad（疯的）.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at hal

26、f past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showin

27、g the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.1、They went the back door into the garden。A。over B、through C、 in D、out答案详细解析：以上是考查 go through 用法，意思，穿过，通过，整个句子意思：他们穿过后门进入了花园：所以答案为 B 2、I was surprised _him here .A、at see B、 at seeing C、in see D、in seeing答案详细解析:以上考查 at doing sth

28、 对做什么事情，表示导致前面结果一种原因，看见他在这里，我感到很吃惊/惊奇3、Please follow me _into the cave.A、go B、went C、to go D、going答案详细解析：follow sb to do sth 动词不定式做宾语补足语，跟着某人做某事4、I happened _by her in the cinema.A、to sit B、 hear of C、sitting D、sat答案详细解析: happen to do sth 碰巧做某事，我碰巧在电影院坐在她旁边5、Did you _he wanted to become a basketball

29、 player like Yao Ming?A.hear that B.hear of C. hear from D .hear about5答案详细解析：hear of sth 听说某事，你听说他想成为像姚明那样的篮球运动员了吗？按首字母填空6.Its i_for Eve to tell a lie .She is honest.答案详细解析：填一个形容词性，不可能的 impossible对伊夫来说，说谎是不可能的，她很证实7.The reporter saw a thief _(逃走）from the police station.答案详细解析：要填一个动词，因此填 escape (see

30、 sb doing sth )这个记者看见一个贼从警察局逃走了8.The _teacher has much _and had a few strange _last year.(experience)答案详细解析:第一个空却定语成分因此需要填一个形容词 experienced， 第二个却宾语成分因此空需要填名词 experience.第三个空也却宾语成分，因此需要填名词 experiences(1) experienced (形容人，表示老练的，熟练的，富有经验的）（2）experience (是个不可数名词，表示经验，体验，经历，阅历的，感受，体会意思）（3）experiences （是个

31、可数名词，表示某人的亲生经历的事情；因此可以 修饰可数名词不定代词修饰 a few )staange 打错了 应该是 strange中考英语单项选择题（附答案解析）参考答案及详解： 1C。go on 后面可以接不定式、动名词和 with 结构。go on doing sth指“继续做” ，表示继续做原来正在做的事情；go on to do sth指“接着做”另一件事； go on with“继续做某事” ，后接名词或代词。 2B。表示比较，用“more than”结构。 3D。根据句式，这里用反身代词表示 “强调” ，译为“亲自；自己” 。 4B。同级比较用 as as， not so（as）

32、 as 句式。 5A 6C。本题重点测试 through 和 across 的区别。through 表示 “从当中穿过，或从一边到另一边” ，动作在三维空间进行；across 一般用于表示 “横过；越过” ，动作在某一物体表面进行。 7A。本题侧重 rather 和 quite 的比较。两个词都表示“ 相当” ，rather 较 quite 语气重。 rather 可以与比较级或too 连用；quite 不能。 8D。be interesting 意指“有趣的 ”；be interested in 用于表示 “对感兴趣” 。 9B。take ，spend，cost 都可以表示 “花费” ，co

33、st 的主语必须是 “物” ，后面多接“钱” ； spend 的主语必须是“某人” ，句式结构为：someone spent some time（in）doing sth ；take 的主语是不定式，多用 it 做形式主语，句式结构为：It takes（took）sbsome time to do sth 10C。hundred，thousand ，million，billion 几个词用做数词时，不能用复数形式，作名词时，必须同 of 连用，这些词必须用复数形式。 11B。nearly 和 almost 表示“几乎，差不多” ，数字前一般用 nearly；almost 往往用在否定词前，而

34、nearly 必须放在否定词后。 12A。前缀 un-表示否定意义。用什么词必须依意思而定。 13B。go on well with 意思是“与相处融洽” 。 14D。注意词义区别。 15C。ground，floor，earth，land 都有“地”的意思。 ground 通常指陆地的表面；floor 指室内的地面；earth除作“地球”讲外，还有“大地”的意思；land 指“土地” ，可以是用于“耕种”的土地，也可以是指与“海洋、水泽”相对应的陆地，还可以指“国家” 。 16A。 17B。suddenly（突然） ，perhaps（或许） ，yet（然而，已经，还） ，instead （代替

35、）都是副词。行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch.2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为 sb be v-ing sth + 其它.Im playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isnt writing a letter.6Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They arent listening to the pop music.