2018年高考英语全国1卷含答案和简单解析.docx

1、绝密启封前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标 I）英 语 注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用 2B 铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型 A 后的方框涂黑。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第卷第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录

2、音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的 A,B,C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例： How much is the shirt? A. 19.15 B. 9.18 C. 9.15 答案是 C。1.What are the speakers talking about?A. Having a birthday party. B. Doing some

3、 exercise. C. Getting Lydia a gift 2.What is the woman going to do?A. Help the man. B. Take a bus. C. Get a camera 3.What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Tell Kate to stop. B. Call Kate, s friends. C. Stay away from Kate. 4.Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a wine shop. B. I

4、n a supermarket. C. In a restaurant. 5.What does the woman mean?A. Keep the window closed. B. Go out for fresh air. C. Turn on the fan. 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6.What is the man going to do this summer?A. Teach a course. B. Repair his house. C. Work at a hotel. 7.How will the man use the money?A. To hire

5、 a gardener. B. To buy books. C. To pay for a boat trip. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Schoolmates. B. Colleagues. C. Roommates. 9.What does Frank plan to do right after graduation?A. Work as a programmer. B. Travel around the world. C. Start his own

6、business. 第二节 （共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题10.Why does the woman make the call?A. To book a hotel room. B.To ask about the room serviceC.To make change

7、s ti a reservation11.When will the women arrive at the hotel?A.On September 15 B. On September 16 C. On September 2312.How much will the woman pay her room per night?A. $179 B.$199 C. $219听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13.What is the womans plan for Saturday?A.Going shopping B.Going camping C.Going boating1

8、4.Where will tne woman stay in Keswick?A.In a country inn B. In a five-star hotel C. In her aunts home15.What will Gordon do over the weekend?A.Visit his friends B.Watch DVDs C.Join the woman16.What does the woman think of Gordons coming weekend?A.Relaxed B.Boring C.Busy.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题17.Wh

9、o is Wang Ming?A.A student B. An employer C .An engineer18.What does the speaker say about the college job market this year?A.Its unpredictable B. Its quite stable C.Its not optimistic19.Whar percentage of student job seekers have found a job by now?A20 B. 22 C. 5020.Why are engineering graduates mo

10、re likely to accept a job?A.They need more work experience B.The salary is usually good C.Their choice is limited.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、 C 和 D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AYou probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of t

11、he outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating she

12、lters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907-1964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of t

13、he dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor(1930-present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an A

14、rizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(1913-2005)On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passen

15、ger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set lff the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired lr giving in,”said Parks.21.What is jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work. B. Her lack of

16、 proper training in law.C. Her efforts to win a prize. D. Her community background.22. What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law. B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women. D. The poor financial conditions.23

17、. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day OConnor.24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers.此篇为有小标题的应用

18、文，内容为华盛顿四种骑车游的介绍，配备 3 道细节理解题，出题形式中规中矩，相对比较简单。此类文章根据题干中的关键词仔细回原文寻找对应即可。21. A 细节理解题。题目问“哪一个骑车游需要提前预定” ，根据第一段内容中的“Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear (在有效期和樱花消失前预约)”可知应选 A。此题难点在于熟悉词汇（in advance 和 reserve） 。22. D 细节理解题。题目问“首都骑车游中你能做什么”，根据第三段内容中的“Knowledgeable guides w

19、ill entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks （知识丰富的向导会给你讲关于总统、国会、纪念馆还有公园的最有趣的故事） ”可知应选 D 选项“听有趣的故事” 。23. D 细节理解题。题目问“以下哪一个是夜间骑车游提供的 ”，根据第四段内容中的“All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights（所有骑行者装备反光背心和安全灯） ”可知应选 D 选项。BGrandpa

20、rents Answer a CallAs a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was

21、four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting th

22、at the trend is growing. Even President Obamas mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson s decision will influence the grandparents in th

23、e American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough fsst enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate manazine for grandparents .We now r

24、ealize how important family is and how important” to be near them, especially when youre raining children.”Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instea

25、d. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.25. Why was Garzas move a success?AIt strengthened her family ties. BIt improved her living conditions.CIt enabled her make more friends. DIt helped her kno

26、w more new places.26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinsons decision?A17% expressed their support for it. BFew people responded sympathetically.C83% believed it had a bad influence. DThe majority thought it was a trend.27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?AThey were unsur

27、e of raise more children. BThey were eager to raise more children.CThey wanted to live away from their parents. DThey bad little respect for their grandparent.28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph?A. Make decisions in the best interests of their ownB. Ask their c

28、hildren to pay more visits to themC. Sacrifice for their struggling children D. Get to know themselves better24. B 细节理解题，出处可定位至第一段 her latest role，为各种家庭展示如何用比较少的预算去做既好吃又有营养的饭菜； A 选项虽然提到 Susanna 和 guest，但是 embarrass 偷换了原文的概念，可以排除；C选项无中生有； D 选项原文中未提到她自己的家庭预算很紧张。25. C 细节理解题，出处定位至第二段 with the help of ch

29、ef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under $5 per family a day. 可知 Matt 在烹饪事物上帮助了 Susanna。26. C 细节理解题，出处定位至 Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health, 可知作者是为读者介绍了 Save Money 这个节目是怎么来的，即是背景信息，故选择 C 项。27. D 主旨大意题

30、，主旨句一般可定位至文章的第一段，but 后的关键信息点 she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.可知答案 D。CI am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2018, Ive done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry

31、stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者 ) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year whe

32、re I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:”Well, Im really sorry, Ive got some bad news for you-there are

33、no fights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:”In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plance to be held fo

34、r me.re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, youre consciously aware than that box youre got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in

35、 Paragraph17A provider B delivery man C collector D medical doctor30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?A. He cannot stay away from his job too long B. The donor can only wait for that long.C. The operation needs that very much. D. The ice wont last any longer.31.Which flight di

36、d the woman put Peter on first?A. To London B. To Newark C. To Providence D. To Washington28. B 细节理解题。由 hunter-gatherer times 定位到第一自然段，根据 when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 1200 languages between them. 可是当时人少，但是语言很多。29. C 推测词义题。根据第二段后半部分 dominant languages such as

37、 English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over, 列举的英语、西班牙语、中文等都是使用人数较多等语言，所以选择 powerful。30. B 细节理解题。根据第三段 At present, the world has about 6800 languages 和 The median number (中位数) of speakers is a were 6000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

38、可知现在有 3400 种语言被少于 6000 人说。31. C 主旨大意题。根据 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going .可知增加的语言少消失的语言多，且本文按照时间顺序写作，讲了随着人类发展，很多语言消失。所以选择 C。DThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtfu

39、l, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups

40、 value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly

41、 stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people

42、 with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic udner discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing

43、 with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-geivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may

44、be expericencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger. B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culture-specific. D. It is content-based.33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?