1、改革开放词汇 保险业 The insurance industry 保证重点支出 Ensure funding for priority areas 被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business 补发拖欠的养老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears 不良贷款 Nonperforming loan 层层转包和违法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 产值 output value 城乡信用社 Credit Cooperative in both urba
2、n and rural areas 城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents 城镇职工医疗保险制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers 抽样调查 data from the sample survey 出口信贷 Export credit 初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。 to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy. 贷款
3、质量 Loan quality 贷款质量五级分类办法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans 第二产业 secondary industry 第三产业 tertiary industry 第一产业 primary industry 独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量 electric energy production 发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market 发展过快 excessive
4、growth 防范和化解金融风险 Take precautions against and reduce financial risks 防洪工程 Flood-prevention project 非法外汇交易 Illegal foreign exchange transaction 非公有成分 non-public sectors 非贸易收汇 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels 非银行金融机构 Non-bank financial institutions 费改税 Transform administrative fees
5、 into taxes 分配形式 forms of distribution风险资金 risk funds 副业 sideline production 改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展“ 。 Reform is “the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system.“ 改革重点转移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities 改善经济环境 improve economic environment 搞活企业 invigorate/ revitalize/ r
6、ejuvenate enterprises 各尽所能，按劳/需分配。 from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs. 跟踪审计 Follow-up auditing 工程监理制度 The monitoring system for projects 公有制 public ownership 鼓励 give incentive to 管理不善 poor management 国际收支 international balance of payments 国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。 The stat
7、e ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy. 国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设 The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization. 国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product) 国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。 The state economy is the
8、sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy. 国有资产安全 The safety of state-owned assets 过度开垦 Excess reclamation 合同管理制度 The contract system for governing projects 合资企业 joint venture 合作企业 cooperative enterprise 和平演变 peaceful evolution 宏
9、观控制 exercise macro-control 机电产品 Electromechanical products 积极的财政政策 Pro-active fiscal policy 基本生活费 Basic allowances 基石 cornerstone 计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 结售汇制度 The system of exchange settlement an
10、d sales 解除劳动关系 Sever labor relations 解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 金融监管责任制 The responsibility system for financial supervision 经济安全 Economic security 经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 经济结构改革。 reform in econ
11、omic structure 经营机制 operative mechanism 精华、精粹、实质 quintessence 举措 move 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设 To increase the deficit to spend more on development 扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted (excluded) 扩大国内需求 The expansion of domestic demand 拉动经济增长 Fuel economic growth 厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat wa
12、ste 粮食仓库 Grain depot 粮食收储企业 Grain Collection and storage enterprise 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行 Closed operation of grain purchase funds 粮食销售市场 Grain sales market 劣质工程 Shoddy engineering 林业 forestry 零售 retail 流通制度 circulation system 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 Arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 农业 farming 骗汇、逃汇、套汇
13、Obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 取消国家对农产品的统购统销 to cancel the states monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products 全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 全体会议 plenary session 人均国民生产总值 per c
14、apita GNP 人均收入 per capita income 融资渠道 Financing channels 善于接受的 receptive 商品经济 commodity economy 商业信贷原则 The principles for commercial credit 社会保险机构 Social security institution 社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。 The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces,
15、the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity. 社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership 社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。 The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of
16、production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people. 生产关系 relations of production 生产力 productive forces 生产资料 means of production 生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence 剩余劳动力。 surplus labor 失业保险金 Unemployment insurance benefits 实际增长率 actual growth rate 实事求是
17、seek truth from facts 实在的 tangible 使负担 be saddled with 试一下 have a go (at sth.) 输入活力 bring vigor into 私有制 private ownership 随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。 As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged. 偷税
18、、骗税、逃税、抗税 Tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal pay taxes 投入 input 外汇收支 Foreign exchange revenue and spending外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。 The criterion for our judgment is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist producti
19、ve forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards. 畜牧业 animal husbandry 要人们警惕右和“左“ 的影响，特别是 “左“的根深蒂固的影响。 to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the “Left“ deviations, particularly of the deep-r
20、ooted “Left“ influence. 一个中心、两个基本点 one central task and two basic points 以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放 the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadersh
21、ip, to the peoples democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening. 引进、输入 importation 引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 营业发达的公司 going concerns 优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure 有色金属 nonferrous metals 有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflat
22、ion 渔业 fishing 增额、增值、增长 increment 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order 中国要警惕右，但更要防“左“ 。 China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the “Left“ deviation. 逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。 to modernize the countrys industry, agriculture, nationa
23、l defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy. 主要成分 dominant sector 资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。 Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy. 总工资 total wages
