1、Chapter 3. Techniques in Cell BiologyPreparatory observe put forward theoreticsDesign control testsCollect data Explain results Devise conclusionRefer to knowledge 从整个生命科学的发展趋势看细胞生物学方法 分子水平 细胞水平 结构功能 细胞生命活动 分析 综合 功能基因组学研究是细胞生物学研究的基础与归宿（ 生命科学研究的核心问题 ）1.The Light MicroscopyFigure 3-1. Resolving power.
2、 Sizes of cells and their components drawn on a logarithmic scale, indicating the range of objects that can be readily resolved by the naked eye and in the light and electron microscopes. The following units of length are commonly employed in microscopy: m (micrometer) = 10-6 m nm (nanometer) = 10-9
3、 m (ngstrm unit) = 10-10 m Figure 3-2. Interference between light waves. When two light waves combine in phase, the amplitude of the resultant wave is larger and the brightness is increased. Two light waves that are out of phase partially cancel each other and produce a wave whose amplitude, and the
4、refore brightness, is decreased. Figure 3-3. Edge effects. The interference effects observed at high magnification when light passes the edges of a solid object placed between the light source and the observer. Figure 3-4. Numerical aperture. The path of light rays passing through a transparent specimen in a microscope, illustrating the concept of numerical aperture and its relation to the limit of resolution. Figure 3-5. Making tissue sections. How an embedded tissue is sectioned with a microtome in preparation for examination in the light microscope. B. Preparation of specimen
