1、英语论文开题报告范文例文论文题目 the Application and Innovation of Gothicism in Wuthering Heights一、选题的意义和研究现状1选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义 长时期以来, 人们视艾米莉勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”。关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜, 许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的结论, 因而往往是旧谜刚解, 新谜又出, 解谜热潮似永无休止。本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究呼啸山庄的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常
2、的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使呼啸山庄既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义 ”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。2与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况 各民族的文学中都有许多惊险、恐怖的故事, 但似乎没有哪一种文学像英美文学那样不仅创作出数量众多、质量优秀的恐怖文学作品, 而且还形成了一个持续发展、影响广泛的哥特传统( Gothic tradition) 。哥特文学现在已经成为英美文学研究中的一个重要领域。对哥特文学的认真研究开始于 20 世纪二三十年代,
3、到 70 年代以后, 由于新的学术思潮和文学批评观念的影响, 该研究出现了前所未有而且日趋高涨的热潮。根据在国际互联网上的搜索, 到 2000 年 9月为止, 英美等国的学者除发表了大量关于哥特文学的论文外 , 还至少出版专著达 184 部, 其中 1970 年以后为 126 部, 仅 90 年代就达 59 部, 几乎占总数的三分之一。当然,近年来哥特文学研究的状况不仅在于研究成果迅速增加 , 更重要的是它在深度和广度方面都大为拓展, 并且把哥特传统同英美乃至欧洲的历史、社会、文化和文学的总体发展结合起来。二、研究方案1研究的基本内容及预期的结果（大纲）研究的基本内容:本文立足于欧美文学中的哥
4、特传统研究呼啸山庄的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力 , 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使呼啸山庄既超越了哥特体裁的 “黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。预期的结果（大纲）:1A Survey of Gothic1.1 Definition of Gothic1.2 the Origin of Gothic Novels1.2.1 Historical Reas
5、ons1.2.1.1 Folklore in Germantic Nationality1.2.1.2 Drama in the Renaissance1.2.1.3 the Bible and Legends in Christianity1.2.2 Development of the Novel Itself1.2.2.1 Challenge of Romanticism to Rationalism1.2.2.2 Sublime and Beautiful2. Emilys Gothic Heritage2.1 Theme2.1.1 Good and Evil2.1.2 Revenge
6、2.2 Characters Description2.2.1 Villain-hero2.2.2 Delicate Young Girl2.3 Atmosphere, Environment and Plot2.3.1 Terror2.3.2 Mystery2.3.3 Supernatural3.Emilys Gothic Innovation 3.1 Combination of romanticism and Realism3.1.1 Change of the Background3.1.2 Use of Symbolism3.1.3 Stream of Consciousness3.
7、1.4 Illusion and Subconsciousness3.2. Description of Figure Emotion and PsychologyReference2拟采用的研究方法主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法3.研究所需条件和可能存在的问题研究所需条件：纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料；可能存在的问题：(1)文献不足;(2) 由于个人的观点和能力，使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。三、研究进度安排、参考文献及审查意见1研究进度安排（1）论文指导第一周（学期第八周）：学生完成初稿。（2）论文指导第二周（学期第九周）：指导教师审阅论文初稿后发回修改。（3
8、）论文指导第三周（学期第十周）：学生交论文第二稿。（4）论文指导第四周（学期第十一周）：指导教师审阅第二稿并发回给学生进一步修改。（5）论文指导第五周（学期第十二周）：定稿（6）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：交定稿的打印稿和电子文本。（7）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：本周星期五至论文指导第七周（学期第周）星期五，指导教师和评阅教师写评语，学生做好答辩准备。（8）论文指导第七周（学期第十四周）：星期三至论文指导第八周（学期第十五周）开展答辩工作。2. 应收集资料及主要参考文献（不少于 8 条）1 Bronte, Charlotte. 1907. Charlotte Brontes pref
9、ace to the second edition, Wuthering Heights. London: J. M. Dent Sons Ltd. p. 20.2 Gerin, Winifred. 1971. Emily Bronte M. New York: Oxford University Press.3 Marie, Mulvey-Roberts. ed. 1998.The handbook to gothic literature A. New York: New York University Press. p. 83.4 Punter, David. 1980. The Lit
10、erature of Terror M. London: Longman. p. 6.5 方平. 1993 .希望在人间?论呼啸山庄(呼啸山庄译序) M. 上海译文出版社. 第 24 页.6 盖斯凯尔夫人 . 2000 .夏洛蒂勃朗特传M. 张淑荣等译 . 北京: 团结出版社. 第 11?12 页.7 肖明翰. 2001. 英美文学中的哥特传统J. 外国文学评论第 3 期.8 鲜于静. 2003. 神秘和怪诞的魅力?福克纳小说八月之光的哥特艺术研究MA. 中国学位论文全文库. Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies
11、1 IntroductionThe intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disci
12、plines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to b
13、e a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.My attention was first directed to DTS by its pe
14、culiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translators choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making ap
15、pearance in the target community.The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive
16、 not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and thei
17、r relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David
18、Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.2 Outline2.1 Development and major concepts of DTSIn this part I will describe
19、Holms basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.2.2 MethodolgyI will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the ca
20、se study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.2.3 DTS in contrast to other theoriesA contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria
21、. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.2.4 Case studyIn this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.2.5 ConclusionBased on
22、the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the
23、process of writing.)0000附录 2- 引文范例(仅供参考)“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework
24、 ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的! 费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”(张南峰，1990：59-60)附录 3- 参考文献范例(仅供参考)Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prent
25、ice Hall, 1988.Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.张南峰(译). 王尔德戏剧选 . 福州：海峡文艺出版社，1990.戴炜栋. 构建具有中国特色的英语教学“一条龙 ”体系，外语教学与研究，2001(5).附录 4- 封面范例(仅供参考)(中文)对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文论品牌名称翻译的特殊性专 业：研究方向：作 者：导 师：写作时间： 对外经济贸易大学英语学院(英文 )School of Internat
26、ional StudiesUniversity of International Business and EconomicsPragmatic Strategiesin Advertising: ImplicaturesWang YingA thesis submitted to School of International Studies ofUniversity of International Business and EconomicsIn partial fulfillment of the requirementFor the degree of Master of ArtsA
27、pril 2002Beijing, China系别：外语系 专业：英 语学生姓名陈 婷 婷学号02091502毕业论文（设计）题目：English Idioms and Their Cohesive Function英语习语及其衔接功能毕业论文（设计）内容：习语是英语中非常重要的组成部分，对英语习语进行研究具有重要的理论和现实意义，它可以帮助我们更好的学习和应用英语习语。传统的英语习语研究主要关注习语的分类、用法、句法特征和语义等层面，对其功能尤其是衔接功能的探讨为数不多。文章可以依据韩礼德（1976，1985）提出的语言三大功能理论，着力探讨英语习语的衔接功能，包括语法结构的衔接功能、语义衔
28、接功能和语用衔接功能等。毕业论文（设计）要求及应完成的工作：1、广泛查阅相关文献，了解本领域研究现状；2、要有鲜明的观点，立论有据，并运用一定的逻辑方法分析论证；3、在老师指导下按时独立开题和撰写初稿，不断修改完善直至定稿，严禁抄袭剽窃；4、论文必须用英文书写，字数不少于 5000 英语单词；5、行文必须符合学术论文规范，定稿须按院系统一要求打印和装订；6、按照规定完成论文答辩。进度安排毕业论文（设计）各阶段名称起 止 日 期1指导教师根据选题向学生下达任务书；学生根据任务书查阅相关文献，收集资料并拟定写作提纲1 月 22 日-3 月 10 日2进一步分析整理资料，完成开题报告,开始论文写作3
29、 月 11 日-3 月 25 日3写作并完成初稿，接受中期检查3 月 26 日-4 月 30 日4根据导师的修改和建议，进一步补充和润色，直至定稿；论文评阅5 月 1 日-6 月 10 日5完成答辩后规范打印并装订成册；综合评定成绩6 月 11 日-6 月 22 日应收集的资料、主要参考文献及实习地点：1 Fernando, C. Idioms and Idiomaticity. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 20002 Halliday, M.A.K.& R. Hason. Cohesion in English. Longman Pr
30、ess, 19853 Makkai, A. Idiom Structure in English. The Hague Press,19724 林承璋. 英语词汇学引论M. 武汉大学出版社，19875 陆国强. 现代英语词汇学M. 上海外语教育出版社, 1999指导教师签字: 年 月 日系主任签字：年 月 日 系别：外语系 专业：英 语学生姓名陈婷婷学号02091502指导教师高瑞阔职称讲 师所选题目名称：English Idioms and Their Cohesive Function英语习语及其衔接功能课题研究现状：English idioms are an important part
31、 of the English vocabulary. The general tendencies of present-day English are towards more idiomatic usages. Halliday and Hason (1976) pointed out that there are three functions of English idioms (ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function). Another scholar, Fernando C. (1996),
32、 also made valuable contributions to the understanding of idiomatic expression_r of coherent text, and in the creation of stylistic effects. Chinese linguists like Hu Zhuanglin (1994, 1996), Zhu Yongsheng (1995, 1996, 1997) and Zhang Delu (1994) mainly made contributions to the study of textual cohe
33、sion. 课题研究目的：This paper is firstly intended to define English idioms and analyze the features of them. It then explores the cohesive function after careful analysis and discussion, attempting to arouse the concern of using idioms appropriately and help readers make full use of the cohesive function
34、for communicating more concisely and idiomatically, thus more effectively.课题研究内容：As English idioms are much alive in everyday English, a close look at the function of idioms must be taken. This dissertation includes the following five aspects:1. Introduction2. A General Study of English Idioms2.1 Th
35、e Definition of English Idioms2.2 Features of English Idioms3. Cohesive Function of English Idioms3.1 Cohesion3.2 Functional Categories3.3 Cohesive Function of Relational Idioms3.4 Cohesive Function of Other Idioms4. The Cohesive Function in Terms of Syntax And Pragmatics4.1 Syntactic Cohesion4.2 Pragmatic Function5. Conclusion课题研究计划：January 22-March 10: question posing of the research and collection of materialsMarch 11-March 25: analysis of the materials and writing of an outlineMarch 26-April 30: completion of the first draft and seeking supervisors advice
